МБОУ « Лицей физики, матиматики, информатики № 40» при Ульяновском
Государственном Университете
Тренировочные задания
для подготовки учащихся к сдаче
Единого Государственного Экзамена по английскому языку .
Устная часть. Задания 1-2
Подготовила
Учитель английского языка
Высшая категория
Никифорова Лариса Ивановна
Ульяновск
2015
Тренировочные задания
для подготовки учащихся к
сдаче устного экзамена по английскому языку
Задание 1
Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend.
You have found some interesting information for the presentation and you want
to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text
silently, then be ready to read it out loud. You have1.5 minutes or less to
read it.
Text 1
These
days, more and more people are trying extreme diets to lose weight quickly.
Some people think these diets are great, but others think they are not good for
you. Without a doubt, there are some advantages to these diets. Firstly, you
can see results really quickly and this can keep youmotivated to lose more
weight. Secondly, they encourage self-control, because you have to stay focused
for the diet to work.On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to
thesediets. To begin with, they can be difficult to follow, so you may give up
easily and put weight back on quickly. Also, there are many restrictions. This
means, you may not get enough nutrients to stay healthy. All in all, there are
both advantages and disadvantages to extreme diets. Anyone who wants to lose
weight should think about it very carefully and make sure they see a doctor
before starting a diet.
Text2
Shopping
in Britain is also famous for its Freshfood. Freshfood is a chain of food
stores and very successful supermarkets which has grown tremendously in the
twenty years since it was founded, and now it has branches in the High Streets
of all the towns of any size in Britain. In the beginning the stores sold only
foodstuffs, but in recent years they have diversified enormously and now sell
clothes, books, records, electrical and domestic equipment. The success of the
chain has been due to an enterprising management and to attractive layout and
display in the stores. It has been discovered that impulse buying accounts for
almost 35 per cent of the total turn over of the stores. The stores are
organized completely for self-service and customers are encouraged to wander
around the spaciously laid out stands. Special free gifts and reduced prices
are used to tempt customers into the stores and they can't stand the temptation.
Text 3
The Verrazano
Bridge, which was designed by Othmar Ammann, joins Brooklyn to Staten Island. It has a span of 4,260 feet. The bridge is so long that the shape of the
earth had to be taken into account by its designer. Two great towers support
four huge cables. The towers are built on immense underwater platforms make of
steel and concrete. The platforms extend to a depth of over 100
feet under the sea. These alone took sixteen months to build. Above the
surface of the water, the towers rise to a height of nearly 700
feet. They support the cables from which the bridge has been suspended. Each
of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire. It has been estimated that
if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still only be carrying a third of
its total capacity. However, size and strength are not the only important
things about this bridge. Despite its immensity, it is both simple and elegant,
fulfilling its designer's dream to create 'an enormous object drawn as faintly
as possible'.
Text 4
Britain
was originally a land of vast forests, mainly oak and beech in the Lowlands and
pine and birch in the Highlands, with great stretches of marshland and smaller
areas of moors. In the course of time, much forest land was cleared and almost
all Lowlands outside the industrial areas were put under cultivation. Today
only about 6 per cent of the total land area remains wooded.Extensive forests
remain in eastern and northern Scotland and in south-eastern and western England. Oak, elm, ash, and beech are the commonest trees in England, while Scotland has much pine and birch. The Highlands with thin soil are largely moorland with
heather and grasses. In the cultivated areas that make up most of Britain there are many wild flowers, flowering plants and grasses.
Text 5
The fauna
or animal life of Britain is much like that of north-western Europe, to which
it was once joined. Many larger mammals such as bear, wolf have been hunted to
extinction, others are now protected by law. There are many foxes. Otters are
common along rivers and streams, and seals live along much of the coast.
Hedgehogs, hares, rabbits, rats and mice are numerous. Deer live in some of the
forests in the Highlands of Scotland and England. Some 230 kinds of birds live
in Britain, and another 200 are regular visitors, many are songbirds. The most
numerous are blackbirds, sparrows and starlings. Robin Redbreast is the
national bird of Britain. The number of ducks, geese and other water fowl has
diminished during recent years. There are many threats to wildlife and
ecological balance around the coast. The biggest threat to the coastline is
pollution. Even much-loved Blackpool is not officially safe. More than 3.500
million tons of industrial waste is pumped into the North Sea every year.
Text 6
Ozone
layer or ozonosphere, region of the stratosphere containing relatively high
concentrations of ozone , located above the earth's surface. Ozone in the
ozone layer is formed by the action of solar ultraviolet light on oxygen. The
ozone layer prevents most ultraviolet (UV) and other high-energy radiation from
penetrating to the earth's surface but does allow through sufficient
ultraviolet rays to support the activation of vitamin D in humans. The full
radiation, if unhindered by this filtering effect, would destroy animal tissue.
Higher levels of radiation resulting from the depletion of the ozone layer have
been linked with increases in skin cancers and cataracts and have been
implicated in the decline of certain amphibian species. In 1974 scientists
warned that certain industrial chemicals, could migrate to the stratosphere.
Damage to the ozone layer can also be caused by sulfuric acid droplets produced
by volcanic eruptions.
Text 7
The
newspaper printing is a rather unusual activity since each day the newspaper
material is prepared a new. Newspaper includes editorial board work the
following functions: getting the right news, writing it in the form of an
article, selection of the best items for the print, and displaying the selected
copy in the paper. All these tasks are performed by journalists, editors and
rewrite men, photographers and makeup editors responsible for the issue of the
paper.Thus, the newspaper reporting starts with collecting information for the
paper. However, journalism does not stop here. Newspapers and magazines publish
a great deal of stories, not only news items or political stories, for example,
stories of humourous or some other type. Such essay-type articles may be called
human interest stories. Besides, newspapers carry many items on sports,
personalities of today as well as stories on science, art and technology.
Rather popular are also the reports about the flights of astronauts and space
research matters in general.
Text 8
We spend
great part of our lives at our jobs, so choosing a right career is one of the
most important decisions you will make in your life. Many students finish high
school and begin college without a clear idea of what they want to do in
future. Part of the problem is the size of the job market itself. With so many
kinds of jobs (2000) how can you tell which will interest you? Some of
occupations are already overcrowded. In old industries there may be little need
for new workers, while new and growing industries will offer jobs now and in
the future. Therefore, it is extremely important to explore your choice of
occupations from every angle, collect as much information as you can. But above
all you must evaluate yourself. Find out where your interests and talents lie..
First start with yourself, make a list of your interests, talents and
abilities.. By concentrating on a few, or on one you may surprise yourself at
how good you can get.
Text 9
Foreign
languages are absolutely necessary for people nowadays. More and more people of
different professions decide to study foreign languages in order to raise their
professional level. Making business nowadays means the ability to speak at
least one foreign language . English is the language of business correspondence,
many foreign newspapers and magazines, and communication between people of
different nationalities all over the world. Reading foreign literature in the
original, understanding foreign films without translation, making friends with
people of other nationalities may make our intellectual and cultural horizons
wider. Foreign languages often bring new perspectives in career and private
life. Many aspects of our Life, like science, entertainment, business, studying
became international. Many Russians decide to receive good education, start
their career or just spend some time abroad. Upon returning to Russia
they are able to share their knowledge, experience and information gained
abroad with their colleagues and friends.
Text 10
What was the family life like in ancient Scandinavia? Most Viking male
population was allround handymen, but some had special skills. You could find
boat-builders, potters, leatherworkers and smiths.
Most
Viking men knew how to handle a boat and most of them could fight if they had
to, to protect the family or to support their chief. Women were known to work
at home and bear responsibility for household chores. They baked bread, did
spinning and weaving, turning sheep wool into cloth and items they would wear.
They looked after their children, made the family's clothes and cooked two
meals which most families had daily. On the farm, women milked the cows and
made cheese. Viking children helped their parents and did not attend school.
However, they were not illiterate. They learned Viking history, religion and
law from stories and songs, not from books. By the age of 15 or 16 they were
considered adults. It was common for girls' fathers to choose their future
husbands.
Стратегия выполнения
задания на экзамене
·
Вначале бегло прочитайте его, постарайтесь понять общую идею
текста
·
Прочитайте текст сначала шепотом, а затем вслух.
·
• При втором чтении, читая вполголоса, мысленно делите предложения
текста на смысловые части (синтагмы).
·
Обратите внимание на запятые, они подсказывают, что тон интонации
идёт наверх.
·
Точка в конце предложения показывает на движении тона вниз.
·
Обращайте внимание на слова, трудные для произношения.
·
Не торопитесь при чтении текста, выдерживайте средний темп речи.
·
Следите за долготой гласных звуков и четко произносите звонкие и
глухие согласные, чтобы не исказить смысл слова ( Ship- sheep, fool-full, bat-bad)
Обратимся к критериям оценки первого задания.
Их можно найти в конце демонстрационной версии экзамена по
английскому языку на сайте www.fipi.ru.
·
За первое задание максимально выставляется 1 балл при соблюдении
следующих условий:
·
Речь воспринимается легко;
·
Отсутствуют необоснованные паузы;
·
Соблюдены фразовое ударение и интонационные контуры, слова
произнесены без нарушений нормы;
·
Допущено не более пяти фонетических ошибок, в том числе одна-две
ошибки, искажающие смысл.
·
Для получения максимального балла за первое задание необходимо
поставить перед собой следующие задачи:
1.Важно чётко разобраться с транскрипцией и основными правилами
чтения на английском языке.
2.Следует ежедневно приучать себя читать вслух тексты из
учебников.
Если текст имеет звуковое сопровождение, это значительно облегчит
подготовку: можно читать и слушать одновременно, делать паузы и повторять.
3.При возможности следует читать с экрана компьютера и параллельно
записывать то, как вы читаете текст. Затем запись нужно проанализировать и
сверить с образцом, в том числе и звуковым.
·
4.Можно завести словарик трудных слов, чтобы еженедельно возвращаться
к их чтению и написанию.
Задание 2
Task 1. Study the advertisement. You are considering going on a
tour of
European cities and now you'd like to get more information. In 1.5
minutes
you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the
following:
1.
Dates
of the departures – даты отправления
• What are the dates for the departure? (обратите
внимание не только на порядок слов, но и на определённый артикль)
·
When can I depart?
·
When can I leave?
2. if breakfast is
included – включён ли завтрак (обратите
внимание на частицу if(«ли»), она часто появляется в данном задании) и
предполагает общий вопрос
• Is the breakfast included? (обратите внимание
на определённый артикль)
·
The
breakfast is included, isn’t it?
3. buying the ticket online – возможно ли купить
билет онлайн
• Can I buy the ticket online?
4.
number
of city tours – число экскурсий
• What is the number of city tours?
·
How
many tours will I have? (how many относится к исчисляемому
существительному tours)
5. discounts for students – скидки для студентов/школьников
·
Are
there any discounts for students? (обратите внимание на появление any в
вопросе с оборотом is/are there …)
·
Have
you got any discounts for students?
·
Are
discounts available for students? (обратите вниманиена слово available /ə'veɪləbl/ – «доступный»; «имеющийся в
распоряжении, наличии»).
Уточним, что нужно сделать:
·
Вам нужно позвонить и получить необходимую информацию о
предстоящем посещении того или иного места (это может быть отель, спортивный
центр, бассейн, языковая школа, город, страна).
·
Вы должны задать пять прямых (direct) вопросов. Это значит, что
вы должны просто задать вопросы, ничего дополнительно не объясняя, не пытаясь
дать вводные замечания, не здороваясь и не прощаясь с собеседником.
·
У вас есть 1,5 минуты на подготовку.
·
Каждый из пяти пунктов для постановки прямого вопроса будет появляться
на экране отдельно. У вас будет 20 секунд, чтобы задать вопрос, после чего на экране
появится задание для второго вопроса и так далее.
Стратегии выполнения Задания 2
С ЧЕГО НАЧАТЬ
·
Рассмотрите предложенную иллюстрацию и определите, что она рекламирует
КАК СФОРМУЛИРОВАТЬ ВОПРОС
·
Определите тип вопроса ( if/whether - общий, вопросительные слова
– специальный)
·
Помните, что общий (Yes\No) вопрос задается с восходящей (rising)
интонацией, а специальный (Wh-) c
нисходящей (falling) интонацией.
·
При отсутствии вопросительных слов, помните, что
·
Слово Time/date предполагает When/What are the dates
/What time …?
E.g When is the date of departure?
What are working hours?
What time does the train start?
·
Слово Place /location предполагает Where…?
e.g Where is your office situated?
Where is your centre located?
Where is the swimming pool?
·
Слово duration предполагает How long…?
·
Слово availability предполагает Is/are there…?
·
Слово Price /costпредполагает How much…?
e.g What is the price of the course?
How much does it cost?
How much is this book?
·
Определите время (tense), которое необходимо использоват
выберите соответствующий вспомогательный глагол
·
Используйте короткие и чѐткие формулировки
Task 2. Study the advertisement
Welcome to Holiday Inn, Helsinki
You are considering visiting the place and now you’d like to get
more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find
out the following:
1) hotel location
2) availability of rooms
3) if there is any extra charge for room service
4) meals options
5) availability of price reduction for early booking
Task 3. Study the advertisement
You are considering enrolling for the course and now you’d like to
get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to
find out the following:
1/ availability of courses
2/ course duration
3/dates of course
4/what is included in course program
5/ availability of students discounts
Task 4. Study the advertisement
You are considering visiting a place and now you’d like to get
more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find
out the following:
1/ availability of tours
2/dates of 4-Day tour
3/cost of family package
4/if there are special requirements
5/if special clothes is needed
Task 5. Study the advertisement
You are considering visiting the exhibition of Egyptian Art and
now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five
direct questions to find out the following:
1/ exhibition location
2/entrance fee
3/working hours
4/ availability of students discounts
5/if it is necessary to arrive in advance
Task 6. Study the advertisement
You are considering working in the café during your summer
holidays and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to
ask five direct questions to find out the following:
1/ variety of students jobs available
2/if any skills or qualifications are required
3/what kind of introductory training is provide
4/ salary prospects
5/how to apply
Task 7. Study the advertisement
You are considering booking a table in the café
and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five
direct questions to find out the following:
1/ availability of table for 4 persons for Friday
evening
2/ if reservation is free
3/ which fish dishes are on the menu
4/variety of drinks
5/who sings on Friday
Task 8. Study the advertisement
You are considering renting a flat and now you’d
like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions
to find out the following:
1/ availability of flats for rent
2/location of flat
3/what conveniences the flay has
4/public transport connection
5/ availability of discounts if paid 1 year ahead
Task 9. Study the advertisement
You are considering joining the sport club and
now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five
direct questions to find out the following:
1/ variety of courses on offer
2/ availability of swimming pool
3/what joining fee is
4/possibility to freeze membership
5/ availability of students discounts
Task 10. Study the advertisement
·
You are considering booking a flight and now
you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions
to find out the following:
1/ whether Russian Airlines fly to London
2/ availability of flight on 3d October
3/price for Tourist Class ticket
4/if there is any discounts for students
5/ payment options
Источники
1. http://yes-books.ru/files/EGE.pdf
2. http://catchenglish.ru/
3. http://www.native-english.ru/.
4. www.fipi.ru.
5. А.И.
Немыкина А.В. Почепаева «ЕГЭ Устная часть Сборник Тестов»
ООО
« Лэнгвидж 360», Copyright 2014
6. A,В Мишин « Английский язык . Единый
государственный экзамен.
Устная часть» М., Просвещение
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