Тема. Ecology
Цели урока:
Учебные – развитие навыков устной
монологической и диалогической речи, активизация лексико-грамматических
конструкций по теме, развитие навыков аудирования, развитие навыков поискового
чтения с извлечением конкретной информации.
Развивающие – развитие критического
мышления через чтение информационного текста, развитие умения вырабатывать
аргументы, развитие умения выражать свое отношение к теме, развитие образного
мышления через использование проблемных ситуаций и творческих заданий, развитие
навыков аудирования.
Воспитательная – развитие умения работать в
малых группах, формирование уважительного и ответственного отношения к
окружающему миру, воспитание бережливости и осознании роли человека во
взаимодействии с природой, формирование способности осознавать экологические
проблемы и желания помочь природе.
Тип урока: урок закрепления и
совершенствования полученных знаний.
I. The introduction.
T. The topic for
discussion today is Ecology and Natural Protection. Ecological problems have
become global nowadays. So, it’s important to increase our knowledge of
environmental needs. If we can be active participants in the protection and
rebuilding of our environment we can help our planet to survive and keep it
healthy for future generations. Everybody on the Earth must think of saving our
planet before it’s too late.
II. Warming-up
activities.
Some say
the world will end in fire,
Some say in
ice.
From what
I’ve tasted of desire
I hold with
those who favor fire,
But if I
had to perish twice,
I think I
know enough of hate,
To say that
for destruction ice,
It’s also
great and would suffice.
T. When you read
“Fire and Ice” you can see the world would die in ice, or in fire. But if you
read it several times, you’ll see that it tells us about ecology and our
environment.
Ecology is the
science of how living things are related to their environment. Many scientists
corncerned about ecology today. Literally the word “ecology” means “a study
of home”.
And what is
environment? Think it over and make a list of things you suppose relate to
environment.
land animals
plants
water
environment
?
?
?
T. So, everything
about us is environment.
The environment is
the natural world, including the land, water, air, plants, and animals,
especially considered as something that is affected by human activity.
III.Listening.
Ecology.
Suppose you get
out of your house on an early sunny April day and see… “Oh, what is it?” It is
a yellow dandelion. It looks at you from the ground and says “Protect me,
please.”
Our land is full
of beautiful flowers, plants, trees, which grow and blossom in the meadows, on
the banks of the rivers and lakes, in the forests and in our gardens.
Many flowers have
become rare and vanish. Our useful insects: bees, bumble-bees, butterflies,
dragonflies, grasshoppers can’t live in the atmosphere of chemicals and
pesticides.
But industry is
developing sometimes without any care of the environment.
The protection of
nature has become one of the most burning problems of the XXI century. The
Earth provides people with mineral resources, rivers, forests and fields –
everything that makes the foundation of industrial and agricultural production.
The development of industry has had a bad influence on the nature of the whole
world. People often do things which pollute land and water greatly. It is very
dangerous because it damages health of the people.
These problems
have become very pressing, the subject of many scientific meetings. Let
everybody remember: we live only once and not a very long life. We have one
earth for all those who love it and who do not.
Finish the following sentences.
1. Our land is full
of…
2. Industry is
developing sometimes…
3. The protection of
nature has become…
4. The Earth provides
people…
5. People often do
things…
6. Let everybody
remember:
IV. Speaking.
T. People all over
the world think about our planet. They think about water, air, plants and
animals on the Earth. They say our planet is in danger. Many people do not know
how to protect animal and plant worlds, how to keep the water clean and the air
fresh. But they are ready to do it. They try to help nature. I’m sure you want
to help our nature too. And what names of environmental problems of today do
you know?
.
P. It is littering.
Waste pollutes our planet greatly. People always polluted their surroundings.
But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in rural
areas and did not produce such amount of polluting agents that would cause a
dangerous situation in global scale. With the development of overcrowded
industrial highly developed cities, which put huge amounts of pollutants into
surrounds, the problem has become more and more dangerous. I think our planet
is in serious danger.
P. It’s hard to
imagine a world with no drinking water, and no water to wash or to cook. We all
need water – not just for our homes and factories, but to survive. Water is
necessary for us. and now it is a big world’s problem – water pollution. Water
pollution kills large quantity of fish , birds, and other animals, in some
cases killing everything in an affected area. Already if you catch a fish in a
river it can be blind or without scales; a victim of pollution. As we can see
many rivers are actually dyeing from pollution. And something must be done.
P. The needs for new
roads causes great environmental difficulties. They often spoil the countryside
and bring noise and air pollution to thousands of homes. Traffic and aircraft
can cause serious noise pollution too. Aircraft are very noisy when they take
off and the noise spread over a wide area. Cars cause other problems too:
thousands of people die in car accidents; car parks use valuable space in towns
and cities; cars use a lot of our limited amount of oil. Unfortunately, it’s
difficult to do anything about all this because cars play an important part in
the lives of many families, and the car industry employs large number of
people.
Friends of the
Earth suggest that the bicycle is the best way to travel because it’s cheap,
quiet and riding it keeps your health.
P. The next - is air
pollution. I think it is one of the most important environmental problems of
today. In order to understand how air pollution affects our body, we must understand
exactly what this pollution is. The pollutants that harm our respiratory system
are known as particulates. Particulates are the small solid particles that you
can see through rays of sunlight. They are products of incomplete combustion in
engines. Billions of tons of coal and oil are consumed around the world every
year. When these fuels are burnt, they produce smoke and other by-products,
which is emitted into the atmosphere. Although wind and rain occasionally wash
away the smoke, given off by power plants and automobiles, but it is not
enough. These chemical compounds a series of chemical reactions in the presence
of sunlight; as a result we have smog, mixture of fog and smoke.
V. Reading.
T. Now let’s read
three texts about environmental problems in different countries: the USA, Great
Britain and our country.
1.
Environmental Protection in the USA
Environmental
pollution is paid much attention to in the USA. Different scientists and
environmental societies, like Wilderness Society, try to improve the
situation.
The level of
damage to the forests in the USA is really high. The construction of new roads
and the need of wood influenced the cutting of large areas of forests. as a
result some rare species of animals, and plants can disappear.
American
scientists are also disturbed by the problem of global warming. They pay much
attention to the research in this sphere. Global warming is the result of air
pollution by different gases. Together with the gases, destroying the ozone
layer, it influences the patterns of weather. Many USA universities investigate
these problems.
The pollution of
lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, and the problem of the acid rains that
threatened many forests, made the media start a campaign against industrial pollution.
By 1986 smoking in
public had been restricted. Their also exist public societies, whose aim is to
attract public’s attention to the most important environmental problems. Some
of them, for example, “Pals of the Planet”, publish the materials of how to
save the seas from pollution. The “Green Peace” organization, which appeared
in 1971, is one of the leading organizations in the USA and in the world.
2.
Environmental Protection in Britain.
For more than a
century Britain has been developing policies to conserve the nature and protect
the environment against pollution from industry and other sources. The
environment White Paper “This Common Inheritance” published in 1990 was the
first comprehensive statement by the Government on environmental policy.
Britain supports
international co-operation on the environment. Britain also launched an
initiative to help developing countries share the benefits of technology
through partnership with British companies.
The government of
Great Britain aims:
-to preserve and
enhance Britain’s natural and cultural inheritance;
-to encourage the
more prudent and efficient use of energy and other resources;
-to maintain
Britain’s contribution to environmental research.
The people in
Britain try to make their country healthier. In London there is a special green
organization that helps and protects with animals and birds in the city. It is
called the London Wildlife Trust. In1983 this organization bought a big Camley
`Street Park that is situated just one kilometer from a busy railway station.
At that time Park was a dirty and empty hectare of land. Nothing lived there.
Now thousands of wild animals and birds live in this park. There is even a pond
and a meadow there. Londoners have an opportunity to live side by side with
nature.
3.
Environmental Problems in our country.
Many years ago man
lived in harmony with nature. Today the situation in is quite different. Many
parts of our country are overcrowded, people of many cities suffer from smog
because much of waste, especially waste from factories, electric power
stations. The chemical industry and heavy industry are very dangerous. We
pollute air with smoke and gases, water- with industrial waste, soil- with
chemicals. a lot of people suffer from many dangerous diseases.
Fish dies in the
lakes, rivers and seas. The example is the Asov. Forests are disappearing and
this upsets the oxygen balance. The pollution of air, rivers, seas and lakes
and the destruction of the ozone layers could lead our planet to a global
catastrophe.
The accident at
the Ukrainian Chernobyl nuclear power station in April 1986
influenced greatly on the environment in
Donetsk and other countries.
Environmental
protection is a great concern of the Government. Its task is to control the
state of environment and sources of pollution, to protect the water resources
of the Sea of Asov, rivers and lakes; to extend the network of nature reserves
and to maintain cooperation with international ecology organizations.
Questions for discussion.
1. What are American
scientists concerned about?
2. What is the level
of damage to the forests in the USA?
3. Has the problems
of pollution become a part of American life? What can you
say about it?
4. What was the
environment White Paper “This Common Inheritance”?
5. Do the British
love animals and birds?
6. What do we pollute
with smoke and gases ( with industrial waste, with chemicals) ?
VI. Home task.
T . As you see most
of the nations have the same basic environmental problems, but they take
different forms in each country.Your home will be to make reports about
environmental protection in such countries as the USA, Great Britain and our country.
VII. Summary.
1. What is the main
problem facing humanity nowadays?
2. When did the
problem of pollution become dangerous?
3. What names of
environmental problems do you know?
4. Is it dangerous to
breathe polluted air? Why?
5. Can man exist
without water? Why?
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