Урок презентация "Рождество в Англии"

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  Christmas: customs and traditions
  

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  The colours most closely
  associated with the
  Christmas season are:
  red, white and green.
  
  Colours of Christmas  
  Some say that this is because of
  the red and green plants of
  wintertime contrasting with the
  white snow.
  

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  Red
  means love and reflects our warmth and
  love for each other.
  It is also the colour that is considered the
  greatest excitement.
  As a religious symbol it stands for fire,
  blood, and charity.
  
  
  
  
  The holly berries and poinsettias
  are two winter plants traditionally
  used as Christmas decorations.
  

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  Green
  means hope and the eternal
  longing for spring and all the
  promises of the future.
  Green is the symbol for nature,
  youth, and the hope of eternal
  life.
  Christmas is a feast of hope,
  with a newborn child as its central
  symbol.
  

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  White
  means purity and is represented by the
  crystalline form of water and the snowflake.
  
  
  White is the religious symbol which stands
  for light, purity, joy and glory.
  
  White is seen in the robes of Christmas
  angels, and in Santa’s beard, as well as in
  Christmas snow and snow flakes.
  
  

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  The old man with the sack
  'Father Christmas' (or 'Santa Claus') has become the human face of Christmas.
  Pictures will be seen
  everywhere of the old man
  with long white beard, red
  coat, and bag of toys.
  Children are taught that he brings them presents the night before Christmas and many children up to the age of 7 or 8 really believe this is true.
  
  

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  The old man with the sack
  In most countries, it is said that he lives near the North Pole, and arrives through the sky on a sledge pulled by reindeer.
  
  
  He comes into houses down
  the chimney at midnight and
  places presents for the children
  in socks or bags by their beds or
  in front of the family Christmas
  tree.
  

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  The old man with the sack
  In shops or at children's parties, someone will dress up as Father Christmas and give small presents to children, or ask them what gifts they want for Christmas.
  
  
  
  
  Christmas can be a time of
  magic and excitement for children.
  

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  Who was he?
  Father Christmas is based on a real person.
  St. Nicholas, which explains his other name 'Santa Claus’.
  
  It is said that one day, he climbed the roof of a house and dropped a purse of money down the chimney. It landed in the stocking which a girl had put to dry by the fire!
  
  Nicholas was a Christian leader from Myra (in modern-day Turkey) in the 4th century AD. He was very shy, and wanted to give money to poor people without them knowing about it.
  

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  The Christmas Tree
  
  The Christmas Tree originated in Germany in the 16th century. It was common for the Germanic people to decorate fir trees, both inside and out, with roses, apples, and colored paper.
  
  It is believed that Martin Luther, the Protestant reformer, was the first to light a Christmas tree with candles.
  
  

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  While coming home one dark winter's night near Christmas, he was struck with the beauty of the starlight shining through the branches of a small fir tree outside his home.
  
  He attached candles to the branches of his indoor Christmas tree.
  The Christmas tree was not widely used in Britain until the 19th century.
  It was brought to America by the Pennsylvania Germans in the 1820's.
  

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  Stockings 
  Legend says that Saint Nicholas loved to give gifts.
  
  Many years ago, Saint Nicholas heard of a poor, widowed man who had three unmarried daughters. This man had hardly enough money for food and clothing for his daughters. In those days if a woman did not have a dowry her chances of marriage were not good.
  Saint Nicholas was traveling through their village and overheard some of the villagers talking about this man's troubles. The oldest daughter had hung her stockings to dry by the fireplace one evening and the next morning she found a lump of gold in one. No one knew where this money came from, but she now had a dowry and could marry.
  Shortly after, gold was found in each of the other sister's stockings.
  

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  Boxing Day
  
  In English-speaking countries, the day following Christmas Day is called 'Boxing Day'.
  
  This word comes from the custom which started in the Middle Ages around 800 years ago: churches would open their 'alms boxe' (boxes in which people had placed gifts of money) and distribute the contents to poor people in the neighbourhood on the day after Christmas.
  
  

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  Christmas Food
  
  The English traditionally serve goose,the Germans
  suckling pigs, and in America the holiday dinner
  usually enters around a turkey.
  When people gather to
  celebrate this holiday, there is a wide assortment of food.
  
  

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  Many foods have special
  meaning at Christmas.
  Mince meat pies have long been a traditional Christmas food.
  
  Many years ago they were made with a mixture of beef, chicken and spices that was meant to symbolize the gifts the Wise Men brought to the manger.
  
  The pies were shaped like a manger with an image of the baby Jesus on top. Today mincemeat is made of raisins and other dried fruit in the traditional pie shape.
  

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  Christmas breads and cakes can be found in most countries that celebrate the holiday
  Gingerbread has been baked in Europe for centuries.
  At Christmas time gingerbread makes its most impressive appearance. The baking of lebkuchen (a gingerbread cookie) and elaborate gingerbread houses is a custom that originated in Germany and quickly caught on in North America.
  

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  Families throughout the world prepare special holiday foods together.
  Baking sugar cookies shaped
  like holiday symbols and decorated by the family with frosting, sprinkles or candy pieces is a popular tradition in the United States.
  

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  The Candy Cane
  
  Candies have been associated with the holiday season since bakers began experimenting with sugar and chocolate centuries ago.
  There is more than one legend telling the beginning of the candy cane. Some say they first appeared in the 17th century as white sugar sticks and another credits a candymaker from Indiana at the turn of the 20th century. No one knows for sure when candy canes became red and white striped, or when they were first shaped to resemble a cane, but they are now a part of our Christmas history.
  
  

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  Christmas quiz
  1. When was Christmas first celebrated?
  
  
  Around 100 AD
  
  
  In the 4th Century
  
  
  1935
  
  

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  2. Where did the Christmas tree tradition originate?
  
  Germany
  
  
  Israel
  
  
  New England
  
  

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  3. Who probably was the first man to
  illuminate a Christmas tree with candles?
  
  
  
  Pope John I
  
  Martin Luther
  St.Nicolas
  

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  4. What country was St. Nicholas born in?
  
  
  Germany
  
  
  Turkey
  
  
  Israel
  
  

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  5.The candy cane legend says that it originated with a candy maker from where?
  
  
  Indiana
  
  
  Turkey
  
  
  Germany
  
  

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