Уроки английского языка на тему "London"

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  LONDON
  The capital of Great Britain
  
  
  Olga Tasenyuk
  ELT of HC
  Kurchatov School
  Moscow 2017
  
  

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  LONDON
  It is the biggest city of the United Kingdom
  and one of the biggest cities in the world.
  It is the oldest city of Britain, it was built by
  the Romans on the banks of the river
  Thames.
  

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  There are about 10 thousand streets in London.
  Most of the streets are not very wide. There are a
  lot of shops in London. The main shopping centre
  is Oxford Street. You can buy nearly everything
  here. People from all over the world shop in
  Oxford Street.
  
  
  

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  There are many beautiful parks, squares and
  
  gardens in London. Londoners love them and
  
  are very proud of them. They spend a lot of
  
  their time there. The park they like most of all
  
  is HYDE PARK.
  

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  THE ROMANS
  They came to Great Britain in the 1st century and built a town. They called it Londinium. The town grew bigger and bigger. Soon they built the first bridge. It was the only bridge which connected two banks of the Thames.
  
  In the 5th century the Goths were at the gates of Rome and the Romans rushed to defend their Empire. It was in 410.
  
  Soon after them the Anglo-Saxon tribes came to the island.
  

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  LONDON BRIDGE
  Until 1749 there was only one bridge in London – London Bridge. Old London bridge looked very strange: there were houses and shops on it.
  We cannot see Old London Bridge now: it was sold to a rich American when the town needed money for building new bridges.
  

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  OLD LONDON BRIDGE
  

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  INTERESTING FACTS
  London is in fact three cities: the City of London, the East End and the West End.
  There are 27 bridges over the Thames in London and 8 tunnels under the river.
  London is 46 kilometres from north to south and 58 kilometres from east to west.
  London has got more than 8 million people and that’s 13% of Britain’s population.
  

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  WILLIAM the CONQUEROR
  
  In 1066 William from Normandy came with his people to England. They were French. William thought that he had right to become King of England. After the battle at Hastings he got the name of William the Conqueror and became King of England. He was afraid of the English, of Londoners and he built the White Tower to live in it. It was the beginning of the Tower of London and now it is one of the most important and beautiful buildings in it.
  
  

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  THE GREAT PLAGE
  In 1665 plague broke in England. It was
  called the Great Plague. It covered all the
  country. The Plague crawled from town to
  town, from village to village, killing people
  and not knowing any mercy. People were
  in terror. They left their houses trying to run away from Black Death. In 1666 it came into London.
  

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  The GREAT FIRE of LONDON
  In those days people usually built houses of wood, and they were very close to one another. Fires often happened in the city, but they were usually very small. Then came 1666, the year of the Great Fire of London.
  On Saturday, on the second of September 1666 a big fire began. The summer of that year was unusually dry and hot in London, and wooden houses became very dry too, and the wind was very strong and blew from the river. All these caused a very big fire. It started in the house of the king’s baker, near the London Bridge.
  The baker’s wife woke up in the middle of the night because the house was on fire. Soon the next house started burning and than the next and the next… Houses burnt like matches…
  

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  London’s burning, London’s burning …
  
  Fetch the engines. Fetch the engines.
  Fire, fire! Fire, fire!
  Pour on water, pour on water.
  
  The fire burnt for four days and destroyed 80% of the
  city.
  More than 250 000 people didn’t have home any more.
  But, in spite of everything, not anybody died in that
  Fire.
  

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  The Great Fire ended with the Great
  Plague…
  After the Great Fire people built a new city. The city was becoming larger and larger. By 1830 there were more than one and a half million people in London. The railways came and London was becoming richer and richer. New stone houses were built. Streets became wider. But the city was still rather dirty.
  

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  PLACES TO VISIT
  
  London is the capital of England. It is its political, business and cultural centre. The heart of London is the City. It is the oldest part of London. Many people work in the City but very few live here. There are many banks and offices here. You can visit some interesting places in the City or near it.
  

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  The TOWER of LONDON
  In different times of the history of
  London the Tower was a fortress, a
  palace, a prison and even the King’s
  Zoo.
  Now it is the museum. You can see a
  lot of interesting things in the halls
  of the Tower. Its square walls are
  white and very tall.
  

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  The Black Ravens
  One of the old English legends says that London can be the capital of the country, rich and great until 12 black ravens live in the Tower. Each has its name and some special people, the keepers of ravens -Beefeaters, carefully look after them. If one of the birds dies, another younger raven takes its place. Londoners believe this legend and every time they come to the Tower they count the ravens and never forget to bring food for them. Beefeaters cut the birds’ wings as they are afraid that they may fly away.
  

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  Saint Paul’s Cathedral
  One of the greatest English churches, St. Paul’s Cathedral, is not far from the Tower of London. Old St. Paul’s Cathedral was made of wood and burnt in the Great Fire of London. The famous architect Sir Christopher Wren rebuilt it in the 17-th century. He started in 1675. It took him 35 years. It is a very beautiful building with many tall columns and towers. In one of its towers there is one of the largest bells in the world.
  

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  Trafalgar Square
  The centre of London is Trafalgar Square. Some people say that it is the most beautiful place in London. Tastes differ! In the middle of the square stands a tall column. It is a monument to Admiral Nelson. Four bronze lions look at the square from the monument. There are 2 splendid fountains in the square. They are in front of the National Gallery which is one of the best picture galleries in the world.
  

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  Westminster
  
  
  The political centre of London is
  Westminster. It is the part of London
  where there are a lot of offices of
  different types. You can a new bridge
  here. It is very beautiful, especially at
  night.
  

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  If you go down Whitehall from Trafalgar Square on the right you will see a small street – Downing street. Here at number 10 the British Prime Minister lives. Whitehall is a wide street leading to Parliament Square. This square is very large.
  

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  The Houses of Parliament
  On the left there is a long grey building with towers which are the Houses of Parliament. This building is Westminster Palace. The large clock in one of the towers is Big Ben – the clock and the bell of the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament. You can hear the sound of Big Ben every hour in London. The clock and the bell got their names after Sir Benjamin Hall. He was a tall man, whose nickname was Big Ben. So people know the clock as Big Ben.
  

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  Westminster Abbey
  On the other side of Parliament Square is Westminster Abbey. It is very beautiful and very famous. It is also very old. It is more than 900 years old. It is built in gothic style. There are a lot of monuments and statues there. Many English kings and queens are buried here. Westminster Abbey is famous for the Poet’s Corner where great English poets and writers are buried.
  

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  QUEEN’S RESIDENCE
  
  The Queen of England lives in
  Buckingham Palace. It is a wonderful
  large building with a golden monument
  in front of it. It is the Queen Victoria
  Memorial.
  

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  All these interesting places are quite near one another. It takes only 20 minutes to get from Buckingham Palace to Trafalgar Square.
  Of course, there are so many other places of interest to see and visit in London.
  You are always welcome!
  

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  INTERESTING FACTS
  Bloomsbury Square is one of the oldest in London. It is more than 300 years old. It is the literary part of the city. A lot of writers and critics live there.
  
  The British Museum is not far from Bloomsbury Square and the square is famous for the Museum. The British Museum was founded in 1753. It is in Great Russell street. The British Museum has a large Reading Hall. The Library of the Museum has one of the best collections of books and manuscripts in the world.
  
  One of the oldest churches in London is St. Paul’s Cathedral.
  
  
  

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  INTERESTING FACTS
  Piccadilly Circus is the centre of night life in the West End. This is one of the most popular meeting places of London .
  One of the best and famous London cinemas is the Odeon.
  One of the most famous London theatres, the Royal Opera House or Covent Garden, is … in the centre of the vegetable market.
  London buses are of two kinds: the double-deckers and the single-decker. But they are always red. Double-deckers have seats for 65 people. Only 5 people are allowed to stand when the seats are full.
  

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  MODERN SIGHTS OF LONDON
  London is growing and developing. Some modern buildings and interesting places appeared.
  The most remarkable are: The Cucumber of London and The London Eye.
  

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  THANK YOU SO MUCH FOR ATTENTION.
  GOOD BUY!