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Thanksgiving Day!
DATE: Last Thursday in November (it varies).
FOCUS: Past Tenses, New Vocabulary, New Content and knowledge about different customs and traditions, Historical and present day facts, humor.
LEVEL: B1
TIME: 120 minutes
KEY:
1. TRIVIA: (answers submitted online).
2. READING COMPREHENSION:
1. B
2. A
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. B 7. A
8. C
9. B
10.B
3. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
1. It is not but it has a spiritual meaning.
2. Thanksgiving.
3. New York.
4. Mashed potatoes, corn, cranberry sauce…
5. Sarah Josepha Hale.
What do you know about Thanksgiving?
Check your knowledge completing this online quiz and check your answers! (They are all submitted online once you’ve finished the quiz).
This is the link:
http://home.aristotle.net/Thanksgiving/trivia-index.asp
How many did you guess? ____ out of ____.
2.The following PowerPoint Presentation will give you a quick overview of the History of Thanksgiving.
(pps. Attached, different document).
3.Now you’re ready to read the story and answer some
questions…
Most stories of Thanksgiving history
start with the harvest celebration of the pilgrims and the indians that took
place in the autumn of 1621. Although they did have a three-day feast in
celebration of a good harvest, and the local indians did participate, this
"first Thanksgiving" was not a holiday, simply a gathering. There is
little evidence that this feast of thanks led directly to our modern
Thanksgiving Day holiday. Thanksgiving can, however, be traced back to 1863
when Pres. Lincoln became the first president to proclaim Thanksgiving Day. The
holiday has been a fixture of late November ever since.
However, since most school children are taught that the first Thanksgiving was held in 1621 with the pilgrims and indians, let us take a closer look at just what took place leading up to that event, and then what happened in the centuries afterward that finally gave us our modern Thanksgiving.
The Pilgrims who sailed to this country
aboard the Mayflower were originally members of the English Separatist
Church (a Puritan sect). They had earlier fled their home in England and sailed
to Holland (The Netherlands) to escape religious persecution. There, they
enjoyed more religious tolerance, but they eventually became disenchanted with
the Dutch way of life, thinking it ungodly. Seeking a better life, the
Separatists negotiated with a London stock company to finance a pilgrimage to
America. Most of those making the trip aboard the Mayflower were
non-Separatists, but were hired to protect the company's interests. Only about
one-third of the original colonists were Separatists.
The Pilgrims set ground at Plymouth Rock on December 11, 1620. Their first winter was devastating. At the beginning of the following fall, they had lost 46 of the original 102 who sailed on the Mayflower. But the harvest of 1621 was a bountiful one. And the remaining colonists decided to celebrate with a feast -- including 91 Indians who had helped the Pilgrims survive their first year. It is believed that the Pilgrims would not have made it through the year without the help of the natives. The feast was more of a traditional English harvest festival than a true "thanksgiving" observance. It lasted three days.
Governor William
Bradford sent "four men fowling" after wild ducks and geese. It is not
certain that wild turkey was part of their feast. However, it is certain
that they had venison. The term "turkey" was used by the
Pilgrims to mean any sort of wild fowl.
Another modern staple at almost every
Thanksgiving table is pumpkin pie. But it is unlikely that the first feast included that treat. The supply of flour had been long diminished, so there was no bread or pastries of any kind. However, they did eat boiled pumpkin, and they produced a type of fried bread from their corn crop. There was also no milk, cider, potatoes, or butter. There was no domestic cattle for dairy products, and the newly-discovered potato was still considered by many Europeans to be poisonous. But the feast did include fish, berries, watercress, lobster, dried fruit, clams, venison, and plums.
This "thanksgiving" feast was not repeated the following year. Many years passed before the event was repeated. It wasn't until June of 1676 that another Day of thanksgiving was proclaimed. On June 20 of that year the governing council of Charlestown, Massachusetts, held a meeting to determine how best to express thanks for the good fortune that had seen their community securely established. By unanimous vote they instructed Edward Rawson, the clerk, to proclaim June 29 as a day of thanksgiving. It is notable that this thanksgiving celebration probably did not include the Indians, as the celebration was meant partly to be in recognition of the colonists' recent victory over the
"heathen natives," (see the proclamation).
A hundred years later,
in October of 1777 all 13 colonies joined in a thanksgiving
celebration. It also commemorated the patriotic victory over the
British at Saratoga. But it was a one-time affair.
George Washington
proclaimed a National Day of Thanksgiving in 1789, although some were
opposed to it. There was discord among the colonies, many feeling the
hardships of a few pilgrims did not warrant a national holiday. And
later, President Thomas Jefferson opposed the idea of having a day of thanksgiving.
It was Sarah Josepha Hale, a magazine editor, whose efforts eventually led to what we recognize as Thanksgiving. Hale wrote many editorials championing her cause in her Boston Ladies' Magazine, and later, in Godey's Lady's Book. Finally, after a 40-year campaign of writing editorials and letters to governors and presidents, Hale's obsession became a reality when, in 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed the last Thursday in November as a national day of Thanksgiving.
Thanksgiving was
proclaimed by every president after Lincoln. The date was changed a couple
of times, most recently by Franklin Roosevelt, who set it up one
week to the next-to-last Thursday in
order to create a longer Christmas shopping season. Public uproar against this decision caused the president to move Thanksgiving back to its original date two years later. And in 1941, Thanksgiving was finally sanctioned by Congress as a legal holiday, as the fourth Thursday in November.
Q.1) What year did the Pilgrims have their first Thanksgiving Feast?
A. 1620
B. 1621
C. 1624
D. 1777
E. 1985
Q.2) What type of meat was probably NOT on the Pilgrims' Thanksgiving menu?
A. beef
B. fish
C. lobster
D. fowl
E. venison
Q.3) The Horn of Plenty, which symbolizes abundance, is also called what?
A. Dunce cap
B. Corn you cope
C. Fruit basket
D. Cornucopia
E. Bushel basket
Q.4) In 1676, a day of thanksgiving was proclaimed to take place during what month?
A. May
B. June
C. October
D. November
E. December
Q.5) What president didn't like the idea of having a national Thanksgiving Day?
A. Lincoln
B. Truman
C. Jefferson
D. Roosevelt
E. Kennedy
Q.6) Who is credited with leading the crusade to establish Thanksgiving Day?
A. Sarah Jessica Parker
B. Sarah Josepha Hale
C. Sarah Lee
D. Sarah Todd
E. Sarah Palin
Q.7) Which vegetable or fruit was NOT on the menu at the first thanksgiving feast in 1621?
A. watercress
B. berries
C. pumpkin
D. corn
E. potatoes
Q.8) Which president moved the date of Thanksgiving twice?
A. F. D. Roosevelt
B. Nixon
C. Teddy Roosevelt
D. Lincoln
E. Jefferson
Q.9) The reason Thanksgiving was moved up a week was...
A. because the public wanted it moved
B. to lengthen the Christmas shopping season
C. to ward off evil spirits
D. to put it in line with the original Thanksgiving ceremony
E. so it would be during warmer weather
Q.10) When Congress made Thanksgiving an official holiday, they set the date as...
A. the third Thursday in November
B. the fourth Thursday in November
C. the last Thursday in November
D.
November
24
E. the second Monday in October
Thanksgiving Day: Filled With Family Traditions and, Oh Yes, Food
From VOA (Voice of America) Public Radio.
http://www.voanews.com/specialenglish/archive/2006-11/2006-11-19-
voa3.cfm?CFID=202769720&CFTOKEN=27436422&jsessionid=0030f3cd1bca36d2ff0e377822432 971e3e1
Listen to the radio program and answer the questions below:
1. Is Thanksgiving a religious holiday?
_________________________________________________
2. When is the start of the shopping season?
_________________________________________________
3. Where does Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade take place?
_________________________________________________
4. What are popular side dishes for Thanksgiving meal?
_________________________________________________
5. Who campaigned for Thanksgiving to be a National Holiday? _________________________________________________
(TAPESCRIPT BELOW FOR THE TEACHER)
Some
families serve ham. But the traditional main dish is turkey. Transcript of
radio broadcast: 19 November 2006 Download Audio - MP3 Listen in RealAudio
VOICE ONE: Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English. I'm Faith Lapidus.
VOICE TWO: And I'm Steve Ember. Our subject this week is what the writer O. Henry called the one day that is purely American -- Thanksgiving.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
This Thursday is Thanksgiving Day. This is the one hundred
fortythird official observance of the holiday. But the tradition is much
older. Thanksgiving is an autumn harvest festival like those found in many
cultures.
Today the holiday is a time of family reunions, parades and watching football games on television. And, oh yes, food. For millions of Americans, Thanksgiving is a day spent cooking, eating and talking.
VOICE TWO: Thanksgiving is what the social scientists call a civil holiday. It is not religious but it does have spiritual meaning. For Preparations for
some families, Thanksgiving may be the only time of year when Thanksgiving dinner everyone gets together. The government says the Sunday after Thanksgiving is the busiest day of the year for long-distance travel as people return from gatherings.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE: Paul Hillier leads the Theatre of Voices in a traditional Shaker song, "Give Good Gifts to One Another." The recording is from the album "Home to Thanksgiving -- Songs of Thanks and Praise." Thanksgiving is also when thoughts start to turn to other kinds of gifts. The Friday after Thanksgiving is the traditional start of the shopping season for Christmas and the other winter holidays.
VOICE TWO:
Macy's Thanksgiving
Day Parade in 2005 And speaking of traditions, a popular Thanksgiving tradition is the
Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City. Employees of
the huge Macy's department store on Herald Square organized the first parade in nineteen twentyfour. Many of them wanted to hold a big parade like the ones in Old World Europe. So they dressed in costumes and borrowed some animals from the zoo. They also carried small balloons that floated just overhead.
VOICE ONE: A few years later came big balloons, the kind that the parade is famous for. But they burst. The parade planners soon learned better ways to control the balloons.
In nineteen thirty-four, a big Mickey Mouse balloon made of rubber appeared in the parade for the first time. Mickey Mouse remains a popular character in the parade.
But for three years during World War Two, the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade had to be cancelled. The military needed rubber for the war effort.
VOICE TWO: Two and one-half million people are expected on the streets of Manhattan this Thursday to watch the parade. Millions more will see it on television. And, as always, there will be lots of things to see, including eight hundred performing clowns.
But all eyes will be on the huge balloons that will rise almost fifteen meters above the streets. Many of the balloons are based on popular cartoon and game characters. Plans call for the balloons to be filled with helium gas on Wednesday.
VOICE ONE: Workers control the balloons with ropes, but that can be difficult. They have to make sure that winds do not blow the balloons into buildings or parade-watchers. But accidents can happen. There have been two in recent years. Last year, ropes from a big balloon caught on a streetlight. Two sisters were injured when pieces of the streetlight fell on them as they watched the parade. The accident was similar to what happened in nineteen ninety-seven. The victim was a woman on the street. She was injured so badly that she was in a coma for almost a month. But she survived. And just last month that same woman, Kathleen Caronna, had something else to be thankful for. She was not home when a small plane hit the Manhattan building where she lived. Her apartment was heavily damaged, and the crash killed both people on the plane. After the balloon incident last year, New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg appointed a committee to improve the safety of the parade. This year, more steps will be taken to measure the wind and to report the information to the balloon controllers.
VOICE TWO: The Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade is marking its eightieth anniversary this year. The parade traditionally includes invited marching bands. But now, in addition, the parade will have its own marching band. Two hundred musicians and dancers will take part in what is called the Macy's Great American Marching Band. The young musicians will represent all fifty states and the District of Columbia.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE: Now we come to the part of the holiday that Thanksgiving memories are often made of -- the big Thanksgiving Day meal. Some families serve ham. Others serve a meatless dinner. But the traditional main dish is turkey. Most people cook the bird in an oven; some prepare the turkey other ways, like fried in oil.
Turkey on Thanksgiving is usually served with a bread mixture
inside. Some Americans call it stuffing; others call it dressing. Popular
side dishes on Thanksgiving include cranberries, sweet potatoes and green
beans.
Then for a rich, sweet dessert there is often pumpkin pie or pecan pie. Many Thanksgiving tables also are heavy with other dishes, often brought by guests. And if the guests eat all that is served, they too will feel heavy. Some people like fruit soup, green salads and baked potatoes with their turkey. Others like baked squash, creamed onions, creamed spinach and corn pudding. Many people eat more at Thanksgiving than any other time of the year.
VOICE TWO: For people who do not have much food, or a home to go to at Thanksgiving, charity groups play an important part. To help the needy, religious and service organizations across the country serve special Thanksgiving meals.
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE: Tradition says the Pilgrims celebrated the first Thanksgiving in sixteen twenty-one.
The Pilgrims were religious dissidents who fled oppression in England. First they went to the Netherlands, then left to establish a colony in North America. They ended up at what later became known as Plymouth, Massachusetts. Their trip across the Atlantic Ocean and their first months on land were difficult. About one hundred Pilgrims arrived just as autumn was turning to winter. About half of them died during the cold months that followed.
VOICE TWO: As the story goes, when spring came the Pilgrims
planted crops with the help of an American Indian named Squanto. By the end of
summer there was a good harvest of corn and barley. There was enough food to
last through the winter. The Pilgrims held a celebration of thanks for their
harvest. A nearby Indian tribe, the Wampanoags, took part and the feast lasted
three days. But modern Indians have noted that the friendship did not last for
long. Other English settlers who arrived later did not need help from the
Indians the way the Pilgrims did. The Indians and the settlers were at war
within a few years. Many of the Wampanoag Indians died in battle or from
diseases that arrived with the settlers.
VOICE ONE: Over the years, as the American colonies grew, other communities held thanksgiving or harvest celebrations. Later, different states celebrated Thanksgiving on different days. But a nineteenth century writer and editor, Sarah Hale, believed that all Americans should give thanks on the same day. For years she campaigned for a national holiday. Her wish came true in October of eighteen sixty-three with a declaration from President Abraham Lincoln. He invited Americans to observe the last Thursday of November as a day of thanksgiving and praise to God. At the time, it might not have seemed that Americans had much to be thankful for. It was in the middle of the Civil War. The great Battle of Gettysburg had just taken place that summer in Pennsylvania. Yet the war that divided the nation also, in the end, united it.
And, as the spirit of tradition guides millions of people to holiday gatherings this week, Thanksgiving remains that most American of days.
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO: Our program was written by Jerilyn Watson and produced by Caty Weaver. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE ONE: And I'm Faith Lapidus. To learn more about American life, and to download MP3 files and transcripts of our programs, go to voaspecialenglish.com. And join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.
…Give it a more suitable title ___________________________ and
Summarize its content: __________________________________ ___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
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7. Class discussion. Teachers and students negotiate three topics from the ones below and comment about them as a whole class activity or in pairs.
-What are you thankful for this Thanksgiving season?
-Who are some of the people you are most thankful for? Why are you thankful for them?
-What would the world be like if no one ever said "Thank you"?
-What traditions does your family have?
-Describe the perfect Thanksgiving.
-Why is it important for people to give thanks?
-Thanksgiving is a special day set aside for giving thanks. But each person has things to be thankful for all year long. What are some ways you can show your thanks on days other than Thanksgiving?
-Tell about a time when someone thanked you for something. How did you help them? How did you feel when they thanked you? How would you have felt if they hadn't said thank you?
-Do you think it's important to express appreciation? Why or why not?
-Do you write thank you notes? If so, when? If not, why not?
-Do you think the first Pilgrims would be pleased to see how Americans celebrate Thanksgiving today? Why or why not?
-Some people have called Thanksgiving "America's first holiday." Why might it have been given this title? Do you believe this is an appropriate way to describe the holiday? Why or why not?
-If you are not originally from the United States, does your homeland have a holiday similar to Thanksgiving? If so, when is it celebrated? How is it like the American Thanksgiving? How does it differ?
8. Song/Video. Gloria Gaynor’s ‘I Will Survive’,
Thanksgiving version. The Turkey is definitely one of the protagonists in this celebration. The question is whether it will survive or not…
Watch the video/listen to the song and write down all the terms that refer to ‘Turkey’ and its fate in Thanksgiving!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=501sNcmrwGQ
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________
________________ _________________ ________________ _________________
9. Writing. Comment on all the things you are thankful for (100 w0rds).
Web Quest for more info:
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Thanksgiving in the United States
by Pavel Redkin, English Teacher, School #8, 2011
2 слайд
Thanksgiving
Thanksgiving is always celebrated on the last Thursday of November
3 слайд
Pilgrims
Separatists – wanted freedom from the Church of England
In the early 1600s they secretly migrated to Amsterdam
In July 1620 they departed for the Americas
4 слайд
Boats
#1 – Speedwell
#2 - Mayflower
The Speedwell was sold because it kept leaking
5 слайд
6 слайд
Plymouth, Massachusetts
The Pilgrims landed in November, 1620
7 слайд
Pilgrims in the Americas
The Pilgrims were new to the land and their crops did not grow very well.
The Indians helped the Pilgrims survive the winter and taught them to farm and to hunt
The “First Thanksgiving” was a celebration of the Pilgrims’ first successful harvest
8 слайд
Squanto
Learned English as a slave in Europe
Taught Pilgrims how to grow corn
Taught Pilgrims how to catch eels
9 слайд
The First Thanksgiving - 1621
10 слайд
11 слайд
Thanksgiving Today
Gather as a family
Give thanks / pray
Eat lots of food
Watch American Football
12 слайд
Turkey
13 слайд
Mashed Potatoes
Gravy – sauce made from the natural juices of meat or vegetables
14 слайд
Sweet Potatoes
15 слайд
Stuffing
Bread, spices, nuts, vegetables, apples, raisins, etc.
16 слайд
Corn
17 слайд
Biscuits
18 слайд
Cornbread
19 слайд
Pecan Pie
20 слайд
Macy’s Day Parade
21 слайд
Macy’s Day Parade
22 слайд
Happy Thanksgiving!
THANK YOU!
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Thanksgiving
Kovalenko Svetlana,
School # 8, Akhtubinsk, 2011
2 слайд
Thanksgiving Day is one of Americans most beloved
and widely celebrated holidays. Americans join with family
and friends to give thanks to God for the blessings of freedom,
peace, and plenty.
3 слайд
It is a historical, national, and religious holiday that began with the Pilgrims. After the survival of their first colony through the bitter winter, and the gathering of the harvest, Gov. William Bradford of Plymouth Colony issued a thanksgiving proclamation in the autumn of 1621. This first thanksgiving lasted three days, during which the Pilgrims feasted on wild turkey and venison with their Indian guests.
4 слайд
It is celebrated on the fourth
Thursday of November.
![Many Canadians believe that the first "official" North American Thanksgiving...](https://documents.infourok.ru/2af848c7-b5d8-4b1f-a25c-b53363aed26b/2/slide_05.jpg "Many Canadians believe that the first "official" North American Thanksgiving...")
5 слайд
Many Canadians believe that the first "official" North American Thanksgiving was held in Canada near what is now called Newfoundland. They celebrate Thanksgiving on the second Monday of October,
6 слайд
Thanksgiving began as a way to thank God at the end of the harvest.
But nowadays
is an excuse
to meet
with family
and friends and
eat delicious
food.
7 слайд
Every year, before Thanksgiving, one or two live turkeys are given to the White House. At a ceremony in the Rose Garden, the President announces that these turkeys will never be killed and eaten. Then they're sent to a farm or a park, or somewhere else they can live out their lives.
This has become an American tradition but no one seems to know how this tradition started.
8 слайд
In most Thanksgiving dinners they serve…
gravy
pumpkin pie
turkey
mashed potatoes
cranberry sauce
corn
9 слайд
Before having dinner, we must…
make the pumpkin pie
boil the corn
mash the potatoes
cook the turkey
carve the turkey
stuff the turkey
make the gravy
10 слайд
SOURCES:
http://www.mes-english.com
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.isabelperez.com
http://www.thecolor.com
http://www.cutecolors.com
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