Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение
«Магнитогорский педагогический колледж»
Методическая разработка по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский язык)» по теме «Экологические проблемы»
Методическая разработка
Магнитогорск 2018
Автор-составитель Манжосова Оксана Игоревна, преподаватель иностранного языка Магнитогорский педагогический колледж
Манжосова О.И. Методическая разработка по английскому языку по теме «Экологические проблемы» [Текст]: методическая разработка / О.И. Манжосова – Магнитогорск: «Магнитогорский педагогический колледж», 2018.- 27 с.
В данной методической разработке представлен дополнительный практический материал по теме «Экологические проблемы» по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)». Приведено 5 текстов с текстовыми и послетекстовыми заданиями, задания по грамматике и аудированию. Методическая разработка предназначена для студентов первых и вторых курсов профессиональных учебных заведений изучающих тему Экологические проблемы в рамках дисциплины английский язык.
Пояснительная записка ……..…………………………………………………………………..3
Part 1. Vocabulary and Speaking………………………..…….………..…………………………4
Part 2. Grammar: Conditionals 1, 2 and 3……………….………………………………………10
Part 3. Reading……….……………..…………………...……………………………………….14
Text 1. ………………………………...……………. …………………………………………..14
Text 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………17
Text 3 ……………………………………………………………………………………………18
Text 4…………………………………………………………………………………………….21
Text 5…………………………………………………………………………………………….22
Part 4. Listening …………………………………………………………………………………25
Литература ……………………………………………………………………………………...26
Пояснительная записка
Настоящая методическая разработка предназначена для студентов всех специальностей, изучающих в том или ином объеме английский язык в качестве иностранного языка. Она представляет собой сборник тематических текстов и заданий к ним. Набор освещаемого вопроса хорошо виден из содержания.
Пособие может быть как дополнительный материал на уроке, так и как материал для самостоятельного изучения соответствующего материала
Надеемся, что данное пособие будет полезно и преподавателям, а использование пособия будет способствовать более глубокому изучению студентами английского языка как иностранного языка.
Part 1. Vocabulary and speaking
Exercise 1. Do the quiz.
How green are you?
1.Do you sort out glass, paper, plastic bottles and cans ?
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never.
2. Do you buy fair trade products or organic or local food.
a. Yes , always..
b. Sometimes.
c. Never, it’s too expensive.
3. Do you use your own shopping bags?
a. Yes , always
b. Often
c. Once in a while
4. Do you recycle light bulbs and used batteries?
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never.
5. Do you always dispose of garbage in a proper way?
a. Yes , always of course.
b. Most of the times
c. Sometimes I don’t pay attention!
6. Do you bother picking up other people’s litter?
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never
7. Do you switch off the lights when you leave a room ?
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never
8. Do you switch off other electric appliances at night? (TV ,computer..)
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never
9. Do you put on warmer clothes when it’s cold instead of putting on the heating ?
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never, I prefer putting the heating on more.
10. Do you have showers instead of baths?
a. Yes , always.
b. Often .
c. Never
11. Do you close the tap while you brush your teeth?
a. Yes, always.
b. Sometimes.
c. Never, I never think about it.
12. Do you leave the fridge door open when you do the cooking?
a. No, never, I always close it.
b. Sometimes.
c. Yes, it often happens
13. Do you use public transport or a bike or walk when possible?
a. Yes , always.
b. Sometimes.
c.Never
14. Do you have and use a composter at home?
a. Yes.( 2 pts)
b. No. (0 pt)
Check the number of points you have and see if you are GREEN
a -2 points
b -1 point
c - point ( except question14)
From 22 to 28
Congratulations, you are making real good efforts to help save our planet. Keep up the good work!
From 13 to 21 .
Well, you should do better, the environment is not really your priority but you can improve, can’t you !
Below 12
No, no, no !!That’s not possible, you should definitely do a lot more to leave an acceptable environment to your children and grandchildren!
Do you agree with results? Why/why not?
Exercise 2. Read the words and translate them. Match the words with their definitions.
1. Starvation
2. Rainforest destruction
3. Drought
4. Greenhouse effect
5. Smog
6. Climate change
7. Deforestation
8. Nuclear meltdowns
9. Overpopulated
10. Global warming
11. Desertification
12. Endangered species
13. Water, land and air pollution
a. The presence in the environment of a substance has a harmful or poisonous effect. E.g. The _______________ of local rivers.
b. A type of animal or plant that may soon become extinct or disappear from the world. E.g., The bald eagle may be __________________.
c. A gradual increase in the temperature of atmosphere worldwide generally attributed to the greenhouse effect caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide and other pollutants.
d. A mixture of smoke, gases, and chemicals, especially in cities, that makes the atmosphere difficult to breathe and harmful for health. E.g., Exhaust fumes are mainly responsible for the ____________.
e. A prolonged period of dry weather affecting harvest. E.g., the _____________________ affects crops in Europe.
f. The changes that are thought to be affecting the world’s weather because of an increase in the average atmospheric temperature. E.g., Melting glaciers imply that life in the Arctic is affected by _____________________.
g. An accident in a nuclear reactor in which the temperature increases in the nuclear fuel until it melts and bursts through its container so that radiation comes out. E.g., Three reactors in Fukushima had _____________________ in 2011 after an earthquake.
h. The cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people. E.g., ____________________ is destroying large areas of tropical forests.
i. The process in which heat is unable to escape from the atmosphere and causes the temperature of the Earth to rise. This atmospheric heating phenomenon is because of an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere (a mixture of gases around the earth.
j. Suffering or death caused by lack of food. E.g., Millions are threatened by ___________ and disease each year.
k. Caused mainly by logging and extensive agriculture and farming, but also by the building of large dams and by tourism.
l. The process by which land becomes so dry that it cannot be used for farming. E.g., This land is threatened with ____________.
m. If a country or city has too many inhabitants for the available space or resources of food or materials. E.g., India is an ____________________ country.
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
1. What would you do to help the environment?
2. Is life in our planet in danger of extinction?
3. Would you be happy living on another planet? or would you rather stay on earth? Why?
4. What natural disasters is suffering the Earth?
Exercise 4. Read the following examples of pollution and put them in the corresponding columns
a- Litter or trash on the ground
b-Motor vehicles smoke
c-Factory fumes
d-Dumping used oil
e-Sewages
f- Residue from mines or industry pile up
g-Leaking of landfills into the sea
h-Human waste
i- Emission of gases
j-Pesticides and chemicals building up in the soil
k-Oil spills from ships
|
Air pollution |
Land pollution |
Water pollution |
|
|
|
|
Exercise 5. Read and fill in with which / as a result/ ourselves/ effect / because/ affect
It's generally agreed that we're gradually destroying our planet and……………………………. . To be healthy, we need clean air, clean water and healthy food. Unfortunately, our air is not clean……………………we are polluting it with poisonous gases from factories, power stations and cars. We're poisoning our rivers and oceans with chemicals and minerals,………………………..our water is not clean. Toxic fumes in the air produce acid rain…………………….kills trees and pollute our drinking water. The……………………..on the food we eat can easily be guessed.
Exercise 5.1 Read the text again and answer the questions
1. What type of pollution does the text mention?
2. Enumerate air pollutants and water pollutants
3. The effect on our food can easily be guessed. How does pollution affect our food&?
4. What type of pollution do you think is the most serious? Put this list in your personal order of seriousness (from the most serious to 8 least serious). Explain your choice
a. Traffic fumes
b. Aircraft noise
c. Dirty rivers and beaches
d. Polluted drinking water
e. contaminated food
f. Use of pesticides and fertilizers
5. What can happen if we don't stop polluting our planet? What measures can be taken to reduce pollution?
Part 2. Grammar. Conditionals: fisrt, second and third
Exercise 1. Study the rule
The Fisrt conditional
To talk about situations that will possibly or probably happen in the future.
IF–CLAUSE + SIMPLE PRESENT, MAIN CLAUSE + FUTURE SIMPLE
If + V(s(es)) / don’t (doesn’t)+V1, will(won’t) + infinitive
If I study harder, I will pass my exams easily. (It’s very likely that this may happen)
Exercise 2. Complete the blanks with the verbs in brackets:
What will happen to the Earth if…….?
1. Many wildlife habitats will be destroyed if man _____________________ (keep) polluting the environment.
2. If we dump all sorts of chemicals into rivers, we _______________ (not be able to) swim in them in the future.
3. If we __________________ (not stop) cutting down so many trees, we ______________ (endanger) our oxygen supply.
4. Soon the Earth’s resources will be exhausted if the human population _____________ (continue) to grow.
5. If everybody continues to use aerosols and CFCs, the hole in the ozone layer ____________ (get) bigger.
6. If the sun radiation can’t escape into space, Earth’s temperature _____________________ (increase) steadily.
7. If the global temperature ______________________ (rise), sea levels __________________ (rise) too.
8. We’ll threaten our own existence if we _____________(not cut down) on waste rapidly.
9. People ____________________ (run out of) drinking water one day if they _______________ (not use) it more rationally.
10. If he ____________________ (want) to help the planet, then he __________________ (have to) change his habits.
Exercise 3. Study the rule
The second conditional
To talk about hypothetical, unreal or impossible situations in the present.
IF–CLAUSE + SIMPLE PAST, MAIN CLAUSE + CONDITIONAL
If V2 / didn’t+ V , would/wouldn’t + infinitive
If I studied harder, I would pass my exams.
(But I don’t do it - I’m just imagining this)
If I were you, I would study more.
(Here we are giving some advice)
Exercise 4. Complete the blanks with the verbs in brackets:
What would happen to the Earth if..?
1. If people _______________________ (not be) so careless, Earth wouldn’t be in danger.
2. The amount of waste ______________________ (decrease) if people started to buy reusable packages.
3. Many fish wouldn’t die if factories ____________(not dump) so many chemicals into rivers and oceans.
4. If people _____________________ (buy) more recycled paper, there wouldn’t be so much waste.
5. _________________________ (you take) these bottles to the bottle bank if I asked you to?
6. If people really ____________________ (not care) about the environment, they ____________________ (not try) to save it.
7. If Paul __________________ (think) more about the planet, he wouldn’t waste so much water.
8. We ________________________ (be) less worried if oil spills _____________________ (not have) such destructive effects.
9. If we consumed less, we ____________________ (produce)
less waste material.
10. If we ___________________ (destroy) the ozone layer, nothing ______________________ (save) us from the UV rays.
Exercise 5. Study the rule
The third conditional
To talk about unreal or impossible situations in the past.
IF–CLAUSE + past perfect, MAIN CLAUSE + CONDITIONAL
If +had (hadn’t) + V3, would/wouldn’t +have +V3
If I had studied harder, I would have passed my exams. ( Nothing can be changed)
Exercise 6. Complete the blanks with the verbs in brackets:
1. I _________( throw) this can of Coke into the bushes, If I _______ (know) that Coke is poison for wild animals.
2. If the seas _________(be) polluted, maybe the population of whales____________(recover)
3. Look what you’ve done. If you ____________(be) careful, you___________ (not, break) all those glasses.
4. .- I was so stupid! Nothing _____________(happen) if I_____________ (not, moved)
to his flat.
5. Why didn’t you go to the police station? If you _____________(report) the theft, they ________(can arrest) the robbers
6. Tom missed his flight. He __________(get) to the airport on time if he__________ (not oversleep)
7. If the child __________(not be playing) with matches, he________ (not burn) himself. Now he’s in hospital.
8. If a machine _____________(be) properly maintained, it _____(fail, never). That’s the reason why he got into the accident.
Part 3. Reading
Text 1. Pollution
Pollution is the fouling of the environment – that is, land, water and air – by waste, smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances. Every industrial country faces the problem of waste. As factories make new goods for people to buy, old ones are thrown out with the household trash. Burning this garbage pollutes the air; throwing it in rivers and seas pollutes the water; and rubbish tips are unpleasant and take up much- needed space. Getting rid of plastic is particularly difficult- with time wood and paper decay through action of bacteria, but plastics never decay.
As industry needs a regular supply of raw materials, the best solution to the problem of waste is to make use of it as a raw material by reusing or ‘recycling’ it. For example, old cars can be taken apart and the valuable metal used again.
The world’s oceans have been used as ‘dustbins’, with millions of tons of litter being thrown into the seas every year, endangering marine life. If too much sewage is poured into sea, lakes and rivers the water can no longer dilute it – all the oxygen gets used up and the fish die. The bacteria which normally break down the refuse into harmless matter also die; only harmful bacteria which do not need air remain, and these cause disease.
In the 1950s, people in Japan became ill with a new disease, named Minamata disease. It was found that they had been eating tuna fish containing mercury. The mercury had come from chemicals poured into the sea by factories.
Smoke from factories and gases from motor vehicles pollute the air .Chemicals in the air combine with the wetness in the air make acids, which eat away stone and brick, and damage buildings. Carbon monoxide gas and substances called hydrocarbons – given out by the engines of cars and lorries and buses – can damage people’s health.
Smog formed by chemical reactions among the fumes (gases) in strong sunlight darkens the skies. It is bad for health, especially for people with lung problems. Smog also damages trees and other plant life.
Chemicals in the fumes, especially from coal – fired power stations mix with moisture to make acid rain which may fall hundreds of kilometers away.
Another very serious form of pollution is the build - up of carbon dioxide in the upper layer of air. As we burn coal, wood, petrol and oil, more carbon dioxide is sent into this layer. This is causing the sun’s warmth to be caught near the earth’s surface, by what is called the ‘green house effect’. If the burning continues, average temperatures could rise by around 3⁰ to 5 ⁰ C in the next fifty nine years or so. Weather patterns will change, so that regions that now grow wheat or corn will receive no rains at all. Also, the polar ice caps may melt and raise sea levels by over five meters. This would mean that big sea port cities and vast areas of low -lying land, such as the Netherlands and Maldives, will be covered with water.
Pollution is also caused by the fertilizers and insecticides used by farmers. The chemicals in fertilizers may be washed from the soil into rivers. They can build up in water supplies, and they can also make algae (a very small sea plant) grow so fast that they use up all the oxygen in the water, and kill all life in it.
Nuclear energy has two main drawbacks. It can result in accidents, as at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union in 1986. It also produces radioactive wastes which need to be dealt with. By its very nature this form of deadly pollution will be around for thousands of years. The present solution is to put away radioactive waste in concrete and bury them or drop them to the sea bed. But we cannot go on doing this forever.
Making our world free of pollution is an unimaginably big task. There are so many people, for one thing. Also many governments and big companies are slow to act, since anti pollution measures are not welcome or are expensive. Many people like the idea of reducing pollution, but not when it changes the way they live.
Pollution must be controlled, and the sooner the better. It will cost a great deal, both in terms of money and a change of life style. For example, acid rain can be stopped by checking the harmful fumes before they go out from power stations chimneys. This may push up the price of electricity. Perhaps the packaging of goods in bright plastic and the ‘throw away’ culture should also be discouraged.
There are different pollutants (substances which cause pollution) in the modern world. Scientists are trying to find ways to avoid using them so as to bring back the ‘balance of nature’ which man has upset.
1. Read and translate the text
2. Find the following words and expressions in the text. Recall the situations with these words and expressions from the text.
загрязнение, загрязнение окружающей среды, отходы, дым, химические вещества, вредные вещества, промышленный город , сталкиваться с проблемой, производить новые товары, бытовой мусор, сжигание мусора, занимать много места, избавляться от пластика, гнить, регулярная поставка сырья, переработка, ценные металлы, мусорное ведро, морская жизнь, сточные воды, размыть, израсходовать, бактерии, вызывать болезни, заболеть, тунец, ртуть, выхлопные газы, смешиваться, влага, кислота, разъедать камень и кирпич, разрушать здания, угарный газ, углеводород, вредить здоровью людей, химические реакции, уголь, парниковый эффект, средняя температура, погодные условия, пшеница, кукуруза, полярные льды, повысить уровень моря, быть покрытым водой, ядерная энергия, недостаток, авария (катастрофа), радиоактивные отходы, смертельное загрязнение, бетон, невообразимо тяжелое задание, меры по борьбе с загрязнением
3. Make up your own sentences using the words from exercise 2.
4. Choose the correct answer
1. Pollution refers to
a) cleaning of land, water and air.
b) fouling of the environment by waste , smoke, chemicals and other harmful substances .
c) closing down of factories .
2. Getting rid of plastics is particularly difficult because
a) they never decay, unlike wood and paper.
b) they can never be broken down into pieces .
c) they cannot be burnt .
3. When too much sewage is poured into the sea
a) the water turns brown .
b) the sea water turns salty.
c) it kills marine life .
4. ‘ Recycling’ means
a) using bicycles instead of cars and other motor vehicles .
b) the build-up of carbon monoxide in the upper layer of air .
c) using waste materials again for making new things .
5. When chemicals in fertilizers are washed from the soil into rivers
a) this river water helps plants grow very fast .
b) plants on the land die .
c) they make algae grow very fast they use up all the oxygen in the water and kill all the life in it.
5) Answer the following questions.
1. The world’s oceans have become dustbins. How?
2. Name the disease that caused because of eating tuna fish?
3. What is the harmful effect of sewage poured into the sea and lakes?
4. What is a green house effect?
5. Write two drawbacks of nuclear energy.
6. Making our world free of pollution is a big task. Why?
7. Name some of the pollutants that cause pollution?
8. How does smog affect our life and plant life?
9. What will happen to the low – lying lands if polar ice caps melt?
10. Do fertilizers and insecticides cause pollution? How?
11. Suggest some ways to control pollution.
6. Retell the text using the words from exercise 2.
Text 2.“China's air pollution again at danger levels”
Beijing residents advised to stay indoors as much as possible with severe pollution at high levels. Dangerously high pollution levels have covered Beijing in smog for the second time in about two weeks, forcing airlines to cancel flights because of poor visibility and asking the city government to warn residents to stay indoors.
The outlines of buildings in the Chinese capital receded into a white mist as pedestrians wore face masks to guard against the thick air. The US embassy reported a level of PM2.5, one of the worst pollutants, at 526 micrograms per cubic metre, and more than 20 times higher than World Health Organisation safety levels over a 24-hour period.
The Beijing city government advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible because the pollution was "severe". It said that because there was no wind, the smog probably would not dissipate quickly.
Visibility was less than 100 metres in some areas of eastern China, the official Xinhua news agency reported. Air China cancelled 14 domestic flights in or out of the Beijing airport, and an airport in the eastern city of Qingdao was closed, cancelling 20 flights.
The disorganization came in the first week of the country's apogee, six-week period for travel, linked to the 10th of February lunar new year. Every year, China's transport system bursts at the seams as tens of millions of people travel for the holiday, in the world's largest seasonal migration of people.
Celebrity Pan Shiyi, who has previously pushed for cities to publish more detailed air quality data, called for a clean air act on Tuesday and said he would use his status as a delegate to the National People's Congress to propose such legislation.
In less than three hours, his post was forwarded more than 2,300 times and received 14,184 votes, with 99.1% in favour.
1. Read and translate the text.
2. Find the following words and expressions in the text. Read the sentences with them.
оставаться в помещении, серьезное загрязнение окружающей среды, смог, отменить полеты, плохая видимость, очертания зданий, тонуть в белом тумане, пешеходы, маска, уровень безопасности, рассеиваться, дезорганизация, лопнуть по швам
3. Make up your own sentences using the words from exercise 2
4. Explain the words in bold with your own words
5. Read the statements and decide which of them are True or False.
1) Beijing residents advised to stay indoors because of the tsunami
2) It was the first time when Beijing was covered in smog
3) Although the town was covered in smog, the flights were not canceled
4) People had to wear masks to protect themselves from the mist.
5) Due to the absence of wind the smog didn’t disappear quickly
6) It was hard to see farther than 100 meters
7) Lots of flights in China were cancelled
8) Pan Shiyi called for a clean air act on Tuesday
6. Answer the questions.
1. Why are Beijing residents advised to stay indoors?
2. How long has Beijing been covered in smog?
3. Why do pedestrians wear face masks?
4. Why does the government say that the smog would not dissipate quickly?
5. How many flights did Air China cancel?
6. What do Chinese people celebrate on the 10th of February?
7. How many votes did Pan Shiyi’s idea get?
7. Make the summary of the text using the words and expressions from exercise 2.
Text 3. The Earth Day
April 22 is Earth Day. Every year, million of people from 200 countries celebrate Earth Day to teach people to protect the planet and its natural resources. Here’s what you can do to help.
ORIGIN
The idea for the first Earth Day came from Senator Gaylord Nelson, an American politician. In 1970, pollution in the USA was very bad : about 60% of lakes and rivers were polluted. Senator Nelson told Americans to protest and over 20 million people joined demonstrations around the country.
In 1990, 20 years after the first Earth Day, environmental leaders from other countries asked to join the movement. That year, 200 million people from 141 countries celebrated Earth Day. In 2000, 500 million people from 184 countries participated.
YOU CAN HELP THE PLANET
The planet has many problems, like air pollution, deforestation and water pollution.
GO GREEN!
GOING GREEN means thinking and caring about the environment. The three R’s of going green are : REUSE, RECYCLE, REDUCE.
+ REUSE We should repair things instead of throwing them away.
+ RECYCLE In the UK, people throw away seven billion drink cans a year.
+ REDUCE Carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) is essential for the photosynthesis of plants, therefore for life on Earth. Its origin is mainly natural, but deforestation, intensive use of petrol and coal, and cars produce huge quantities of this gas, which contributes to the greenhouse effect.
We have to learn how to reduce our consumption of energy.
THINGS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY CAN DO TO HELP THE PLANET
-Take short showers to save water.
-Turn off the lights when you leave the room.
-Don’t leave the fridge door open for too long.
-Don’t leave water running when you brush your teeth.
-Turn of TVs and stereos, don’t leave them on standby.
-Don’t put batteries in the rubbish bin. And use rechargeable batteries.
-Sell or give away clothes and objects you don’t use.
-Use eco-friendly products.
-Walk or ride a bicycle or use public transport. Cars create air and noise pollution and traffic. Pollution from cars and power stations cause acid rain which can harm trees and damage buildings and can kill fish.
-Always pick up your rubbish.
-Plant a tree, trees protect the soil from erosion and purify the air by converting carbon dioxide into oxygen. They also provide food and shelter for other fauna and flora.
-Use recyclable paper and don’t waste paper and paper products.
-Use shopping bags, not plastic bags. Every minute, one million plastic bags are used around the world : that’s 500 billion plastic bags a year. The bags last 20 to 1,000 years, because they are not biodegradable. Thousands of marine animals die every year because they accidentally eat old plastic bags.
-Insulate buildings to stop wasting energy.
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text
Exercise 2. Find the following words and expressions in the text
защищать планету, природные ресурсы, день земли, присоединиться к демонстрациям, присоединиться к движению, принимать участие, повторное использование, перерабатывать, углекислый газ, исчезновение лесов, приводить к парниковому эффекту, снижать потребление энергии , заряжаемые батарейки, экологические-безопасные продукты, посадить дерево, очищать воздух
3. Using the words and expressions from exercise 2 recall the situations from the text.
4. Read the text again and correct the sentences.
1) Earth Day is only celebrated every two year
2) 43% of lakes and rivers in the USA were polluted in 1970
3) The Americans are the only ones to celebrate Earth Day
5. Choose the correct answer
1) The first Earth Day took place in .....................
a) 1970 b) 1990 c) 1997
2) ................................... of American lakes and rivers were polluted.
a) 43% b) 60 % c) 0%
3) The first Earth Day took place ...........................
a) in France b) all over the world c) in the USA
4) Earth Day makes you remember that you ............................ your environment
a) mustn’t protect b) must protect c) can’t protect
5) Today there are.....
a) no more environmental problems b) more environmental problems
c) still some environmental problems
6) Earth Day became international in
a) 1970 b) 1990 c) 1997
7) ....................... are acceptable on Earth Day.
a) only individual actions b) only collective actions c) both collective and individual actions
5) Read again THINGS YOU AND YOUR FAMILY CAN DO TO HELP THE and agree with those you do
6) Retell the text using the words from exercise 2
Text 4. How can we help the planet?
Take a realistic approach to protecting the earth and first consider what you can do in your own home. This is much more manageable than taking on the world. It is in these simple everyday steps that one can make an impact. By setting a good example for your children, you are fostering a sense of stewardship that will last generations to come.
Make your own non-toxic cleaning products. Doing this will reduce the use of plastics because you are reusing plastic containers to hold the cleaning products. The ingredients are also biodegradable which means it is gentler on the environment.
Use cloth bags at the grocery store and for all your grocery needs. Store them in the trunk of your car so you always have them on hand. You don't have to limit their use to the grocery store. If you don't have a cloth bag with you when you are shopping, ask yourself if you need a bag at all.
Explore the idea of purchasing energy-efficient appliances. They may cost more upfront but in the end you will save money because they use less energy. Replace regular light bulbs with their energy efficient counterparts. You pay a little more, but the life of the bulb is significantly longer
Set up a compost bin. Add a few less things to the landfill by composting your kitchen scraps. All plant-derived foods, coffee grounds and tea leaves can be composted. Have a small container in your home to place items in. When the storage container gets full, transfer the waste to an outdoor bin. Use the resulting rich fertile soil in the garden.
Grow an organic garden. Being able to rely on yourself for fresh produce is very rewarding. Share your harvest with neighbors, can and preserve the excess for years to come. If you don't have the space or time to grow a garden, shop locally and support local farmers.
Reduce the use of car travel. Consider using public transportation, walking, car pooling and bike riding to get to where you want to go. If you must travel by car, shop for a fuel efficient/hybrid vehicle and keep up-to-date with emissions checks.
Reuse clothing. When possible, look for hand-me-downs for your children's clothing. Shop resale shops, garage sales and pass clothing items on to friends and family. Consider doing this with toys too. When you do buy toys, choose ones that are built to last. So many of the plastic toys available fall apart quickly and end up in the trash.
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text
Exercise 2. Find the following words and expressions in the text. Write them out with the sentence
защита земли, вклад, нетоксичные чистящие средства, тряпичные сумки, эркгосберегающие электроприборы, компост, удобрять, пользоваться общественным транспортом
Exercise 3. Answer the questions
4. Read the text again and make up advice how to save the planet. Use the following construction: To + verb……we should……..
5. Retell the text
Text 5. Saving the planet
Years ago there wasn't a problem with rubbish because things like plastic and disposable nappies hadn't been invented. There wasn't so much packaging on items you bought either. But now with everything so over packaged wrapped and disposable we are suffering the consequences of far too much waste. The trouble is not everything can be recycled or will rot away. You used to be able to get a refund on glass bottles when you took them back to the shop. Now they are either collected from your house by the council or you can take them to a bottle bank.
The fact that paper can be recycled and is easy to dispose is great, but remember paper is made from trees, which are important to the environment. The rainforests have been slowly disappearing for a while now. We need them not just because it helps with the climate. They are important as like all plants they give us oxygen. They are also a home to many animals who rely on them for their survival.
The best waste is organic, dead leaves; carrot tops, onion skins and so on all rot down and make fertile soil. This in turn will help the plants and vegetables giving them much needed food. So if you are able to have a compost heap in your garden you'll be helping the environment and your garden will love you for it.
Acid rain is another serious problem it is damaging to plants and is caused by pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. These come from the burning of coal, oil and gas.
Dropping litter is not just a lazy thing to do it makes work for other people, is bad for the environment and looks ugly. So think before you drop litter either bin it or keep it and then bin it.
When rivers and seas are polluted by waste we are not only stealing their beauty but were spoiling it for ourselves too. Our health can also suffer. Sadly accidents do occur; oil slicks sometimes happen and wreck the environment. Animals tend to suffer the most from these incidents. We should really have in place something that will prevent so much destruction, rather than just waiting for it to happen, then trying to clean up the damage.
Nuclear waste has been the cause of controversy over the years. Radioactive material leaking out would be very serious indeed, it can cause real harm. This is why it is the most worrying.
Although we are trying to stop the hole in the ozone layer getting any bigger, nuclear waste is still a serious problem. The ozone layer protects us from harmful ultra - violet rays. Its hole has been caused by chlorofluorocarbons (cfc's) a chemical that was found in some products. Refrigerators used to contain them. So do we care enough about the earth we have inherited and our passing onto future generations? Or is it now all too late to do anything? Each one of us can make a difference and each and every one of us is responsible to the environment. It takes care of us; we should take care of it.
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
Exercise 2. Find the following words and expressions in the text.
Exercise 3.Say who or what the following words refer to.
1. them ---------------------------------------------
2. they ----------------------------------------------
3. them ---------------------------------------------
4. us -------------------------------------------------
5. who -----------------------------------------------
6. them ---------------------------------------------
7. these ---------------------------------------------
8. it --------------------------------------------------
9. their ----------------------------------------------
10. these --------------------------------------------
11. we -----------------------------------------------
12. them --------------------------------------------
13. it ------------------------------------------------
Exercise 4. Read the text again and enumerate some of the environmental problems mentioned in it.
Exercise 5. Say if the following statements are True or False. Correct the false ones.
1. Some years ago diapers weren’t used.
2. Nowadays products are over packaged.
3. Some products are difficult to destroy.
4. Both animals and humans need trees to survive.
5. Acid rain is caused by organic waste.
6. Ozone layer depletion and nuclear waste are two most serious problems.
7. It’s useless for us to try and make a healthier environment.
Exercise 6. Complete the following sentences with should or shouldn’t.
1. We _______________ burn trees.
2. We _______________ walk or ride a bike to school.
3. We _______________ leave the tap running when we’re brushing the teeth.
4. We _______________ turn off the lights and the computer when we leave the room.
5. We ________________ recycle waste paper, bottles and cans.
6. We ________________ use aerosols.
7. We ________________ use low energy light bulbs.
8. We _________________ drop litter in the streets.
Exercise 7. Retell the text using the words and expressions from exercise 2.
Part 4. Listening
Environmental problems
https://www.examenglish.com/B1/b1_listening_environment.htm
1. Look at the pictures. What environmental problems do they represent?
2. Listen to 6 short news reports about environmental problems. Match the report to the correct photo.
1. 
3. Listen to the news again and decide for the statements True or False. Correct the false ones
1) A country was lost to the sea
2) The coastline in Yorkshire is the fastest disappearing in Europe.
3) Over 2 million people die each year because of pollution.
4) A tornado happened in Toronto.
5) The damage from tornado was 250 dollars
6) Deforestation in Brazil is decreasing.
7) According to the Environmental Agency Britain has suffered from hurricane
8) About 50000 liters of oil was spilled in Thailand.
4. Discuss the questions
1) What environmental problems are discussed in the news?
2) What environmental problems are the burning issues today? Why?
1. B1 listening. Environment. – Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2014 – Режим доступа: https://www.examenglish.com/B1/b1_listening_environment.htm ,свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
2. China’s air pollution again at danger levels - Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] – 2013 – Режим доступа: https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/chinas_air_pollution_again_at_danger_levels/preintermediate-a2-reading/42728 , свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
3. Conditionals type 1 and 2 – Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2011 – Режим доступа: https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/conditionals_typ1_2/conditionals-environment-ifclauses/11660 , свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
4. Earth day: Stop the pollution– Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2018 – Режим доступа:
https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/earth_day__stop_the_pollution/environment/106231 , свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
5. Environment and pollution—conditional- Lang 8 [Электронный ресурс] - 2012 – Режим доступа: http://lang-8.com/406043/journals/1470197 свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
6. How green you are? Quiz – Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2015 – Режим доступа: https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/how_green_are_youquiz/environment-elementary-a1/76448 , свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
7. How to protect the Earth at home – Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2018 – Режим доступа: https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/how_to_protect_the_earth_at_home/environment-environmental-threats/10556 ,свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
8. Pollution – Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2013 – Режим доступа: https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/pollution/preintermediate-a2-activity/41054 ,свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
9. Saving the planet – Iscollective [Электронный ресурс] - 2011 – Режим доступа: https://en.islcollective.com/resources/printables/worksheets_doc_docx/saving_the_planet/environment-environment-environmental/6150 ,свободный. – Загл. с экрана. – Яз. англ
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Unit 19. Man and Nature
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