- 20.04.2015
- 1158
- 1
Grammar Rules
Reported Speech
When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So all the verbs usually change into a past form.
|
Present Simple → Past Simple |
|
“I work hard”, he said. → He said (that) he worked hard. |
|
Present Continuous → Past Continuous |
|
“I am working hard”, he said. → He said (that) he was working hard. |
|
Present Perfect → Past Perfect |
|
“I have worked hard”, he said. → He said (that) he had worked hard. |
|
Past Simple → Past Perfect or can stay the same |
|
“I saw Jane at a party a week ago”, he said. → He said (that) he saw (had seen) Jane at a party a week before. |
Note: Past Perfect and Past Continuous usually remain the same in the reported speech.
· We don’t always need to change the tense of the verb if you say something that is believed to be true.
Jane said “New York is bigger than London”. → Jane said (that) New York is (or was) bigger
than London.
· We leave modals must, might, could, would, should, ought to unchanged in reported speech. But we normally change may to might in reported speech.
“You must work harder”, she said. → She said (that) I must work harder.
“You may explain it better”, he said. → He said (that) I might explain it better.
· We change time words and certain words in the following way:
|
Direct Speech |
Reported Speech |
|
tonight, today, this week/month/year |
that night, that day, that week/month/year |
|
now |
at that time, at once, immediately |
|
now that |
since |
|
yesterday, last night/week/month/year |
the day before, the previous night/week/month/year |
|
tomorrow, next week/month/year |
the following day/the day after, the following/next week/month/year |
|
two days/months/years etc. ago |
two days/months/years etc. before |
|
this/these |
that/ those |
|
here |
there |
|
come |
go |
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When we use reported speech, we are usually talking about the past. So all the verbs usually change into a past form.
Present Simple → Past Simple
“I work hard”, he said. → He said (that) he worked hard.
Present Continuous → Past Continuous
“I am working hard”, he said. → He said (that) he was working hard.
Present Perfect → Past Perfect
“I have worked hard”, he said. → He said (that) he had worked hard.
Past Simple → Past Perfect or can stay the same
“I saw Jane at a party a week ago”, he said. → He said (that) he saw (had seen) Jane at a party a week before.
Note: Past Perfect and Past Continuous usually remain the same in the reported speech.
· We don’t always need to change the tense of the verb if you say something that is believed to be true.
Jane said “New York is bigger than London”. → Jane said (that) New York is (or was) bigger
than London.
· We leave modals must, might, could, would, should, ought to unchanged in reported speech. But we normally change may to might in reported speech.
“You must work harder”, she said. → She said (that) I must work harder.
“You may explain it better”, he said. → He said (that) I might explain it better.
· We change time words and certain words in the following way:
Direct Speech
Reported Speech
tonight, today,
this week/month/year
that night, that day,
that week/month/year
now
at that time, at once, immediately
now that
since
yesterday,
last night/week/month/year
the day before,
the previous night/week/month/year
tomorrow,
next week/month/year
the following day/the day after,
the following/next week/month/year
two days/months/years etc. ago
two days/months/years etc. before
this/these
that/ those
here
there
come
go
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