Презентация по английскому языку "Из истории Англии"

• 1 слайд

  From history of Great Britain. British legends Разработала: преподаватель английского языка Киселева Е.Н.

• 2 слайд

  How did English history start? About three thousand years Before Christ (BC) [bI'fɔ:kraIst] people came from the north of Spain (the Iberian Peninsula) to many parts of Europe including the British Isles.

• 3 слайд

  One of the mysterious monuments of prehistoric Britain is Stonehenge. It was constructed before 2000 BC and is a trace of the ancestors of the British people. Stonehenge is a circle of huge stone slabs. It is situated in the southern part of England.

• 4 слайд

  In the 7th century BC the Iberians faced a great problem because the British Isles were invaded by the Celts. The Celts may originally have come from eastern and central Europe. Celtic people lived in tribes. Each tribe was ruled by its own queen or king who represented a warrior class. The priests, called druids, were important members of Celtic tribes. These druids could not read or write but they memorized all the religious teaching, the tribal laws, history, medicine and natural philosophy. Celtic tribes were represented by the Picts, the Scots and the Britons.

• 5 слайд

  Romans invade Britain The Roman Empire became extremely strong in the 1st century BC. This Empire was the last and greatest civilization of the ancient world. At that time two thousand years ago the Celtic people were still living in tribes. And Roman society, of course, was very much different from the Celts in many ways. Romans first attacked Britain in 55–54 BC under Julius Caesar. But they really conquered Britain in the 1st century Anno Domini (AD) ['ænəu 'dɔmInaI], in 43 AD when the Roman Emperor Claudius decided to make Britain part of the Roman Empire. And Britain became one of its numerous provinces. They forced the population to pay tribute.

• 6 слайд

• 7 слайд

  The Anglo-Saxon Conquest of Britain The Celts remained independent when the Roman armies left Britain, but it did not last long. Already in the 4th century Britain was raided by the Germanic tribes — the Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes. The tribes of Angles and Saxons came from the territory of modern Germany and Denmark. As for the Jutes, their tribe was smaller and they came from Juteland (modern northern Denmark). All beautiful towns and buildings left by the Romans were destroyed by these barbaric people. Of all three tribes, the Angles became the strongest. Later two tribes of the Angles and the Saxons united and were called Anglo-Saxons. These Anglo-Saxon people are the ancestors of the English. They called their speech English and their country — England, that is "the Land of Angles". The British Celts (the Britons) fought the raiders. But they took houses, fields and cattle from the Britons. So the Britons had to go to the mountains in the far West and settle there. The Saxons called that place "Weallas" or "Wales" meaning "the land of the foreigners". This part of Britain is called Wales now. Other Celts were driven into the lands in the North which became known as Scotland. So, Wales and the highlands of Scotland are inhabited by the oldest Scots called today "the Celtic fringe of the island". Anglo-Saxons founded 10 separate kingdoms, the most powerful of which were Wessex, Sussex, Essex, Kent, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven are known as heptarchy ['hepta:kI] and they are now some of the counties of Great Britain.

• 8 слайд

• 9 слайд

  Danish invaders in England. Vikings on the British Isles During the 8th and the 9th centuries there were also Scandinavian invaders who wanted to conquer Britain. They were the Vikings. In 789 the Vikings began to attack the British Isles. They came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark and were called Norsemen. They made York the capital of their kingdom. The Vikings brought their language, traditions, art and built towns in England. The English got rid of the Vikings only in the 10th century.

• 10 слайд

• 11 слайд

  The Norman Conquest of England To make it clear we should remember: before the Normans, there were four different peoples who invaded England.They were: the Celts (the 6th century BC) the Romans (the 1st century AD) the Anglo-Saxons (the 5th century) the Vikings (the end of the 8th century) The Norman Conquest was the fifth invasion. And it is so well-known because it was the last invasion of Britain. On October 14th, 1066, King William (Duke of Normandy) defeated the army of the English King Harold in the Battle of Hastings.

• 12 слайд

  No matter how hard the people of England tried to defend their country, the Normans were still much stronger than the Anglo-Saxons. When William, Duke of Normandy, was crowned, he became the King of England. He settled in London and was called William the Conqueror. For 500 years the Normans were masters of Britain. London became a busy, rich and crowded city. The Normans did their best to make it look beautiful. At that time the Tower of London was built on the Thames and it stands there still unchanged. Westminster Abbey was finished and William was the first King to be crowned there. Since then all English kings were crowned in Westminster Abbey.

• 13 слайд

• 14 слайд

  Britain in the Middle Ages During the Middle Ages Englishmen suffered from numerous wars outside and within the country. The 14th century was a century of social unrest, because in the 1330’s England began a long struggle against the French throne. This war with France lasted for more than a hundred years but is known as the Hundred Years’ War (it began in 1337 and came to an end in 1453). The French won and forced the English to leave France.

• 15 слайд

  The war that was within the country was called the War of the Roses. This war was because of dynastic crisis between two Houses (the Lancasters and the Yorks). This crisis led to the civil war (1455–1485) when they were struggling for the English Throne. Finally, the Tudors won and came to the throne. In the 16th century the powerful Tudor Dynasty ruled Britain.

• 16 слайд

  Henry VIII, a member of the dynasty, is known as a very cruel king who murdered many people. He was also the founder of Anglican Church.

• 17 слайд

  Mary, Henry’s daughter, was called Bloody Mary. She was also very cruel. It was Queen Mary, who ordered to burn hundreds of Protestants.

• 18 слайд

  Another Henry’s daughter Elizabeth I was the Queen of Britain for 45 years. Her reign was glorious. She is thought to be the most generous ruler.

• 19 слайд

  In the 17th century Britain was under power of the other dynasty — the Stuarts. This time is remembered for the great disagreement between the Stuarts and Parliament, during which the Parliament won victory over the royal dynasty. After this the power of kings of Britain became limited.

• 20 слайд

  The rise and fall of the British Empire There are several periods in the British history that got their names from different monarchs. For example, the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries were called the Georgian period, because all the kings who ruled during that time were named George. The Victorian period got its name after Queen Victoria who ruled the country for 64 years (1837–1901). These two periods were glorious for Britain because it got a lot of colonies — large territories in India, Australia, America and Africa. But some of the colonies which were dependent on the British Empire were self-governing dominions. Among them were Canada, Australia and New Zealand. For other countries Britain appointed a monarch. At those times Britain ruled over one quarter of the Earth.

• 21 слайд

  In the 19th century the United States and Germany were growing in power and Britain began to lose its position. And the colonial population began to struggle for independence. In 1947 Britain lost its first two colonies — India and Pakistan. But nobody in the ruling class of Britain wanted to lose control over their colonies. So, the former members of the British Empire were united in an association called the Commonwealth of Nations. It was in 1949. The Commonwealth includes Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and others. The Queen of Great Britain is the Head of the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II is also the Queen of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

• 22 слайд

• 23 слайд

  Robin Hood One of the legendary heroes of those times was Robin Hood. He was a strong, tall, handsome man. The legend says that once the Normans came to the house where Robin lived and Robin’s father was killed in a fight. They took everything from the house and then burnt it down. But Robin’s life was saved, because he ran away to the forest of Sherwood.

• 24 слайд

  Many Saxons who could not stand the pressure of the Normans joined Robin Hood and made him their leader. Robin and his men were called the Merry Men by the poor people. And Robin became Robin of Sherwood Forest or Robin Hood. He was called "Hood" because he and his men wore green hoods. Robin Hood was a great rebel who fought for his people and freedom of his land.