Презентация по английскому языку по теме "История Великобритании"

Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

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  1 слайд

  Prehistoric Britain
  England was inhabited by Neanderthals 230,000 years ago.
  
  The first modern Homo sapiens arrived around 29,000 years ago.
  

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  THE CELTS
  The Celts were the
  most powerful people who lived in central and northern Europe from around 750 BC to 12 BC
  There were many
  tribes of Celts, speaking
  a common language.
  Celtic Calendar
  

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  THE CELTS
  In the Iron Age (600B.C.),
  England was inhabited by
  the Celtic people known as Britons.
  Britons used iron tools.
  People live on hunting, fishing and farming.
  

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  ROMANS
  Julius Caesar invaded Britain in 55-54 BC.
  Britain was controlled by the Roman Empire between AD 43 and about 410.
  The Romans called their province as Britannia.
  
  
  
  
  
  The Lunt Fort near Coventry,
  a reconstructed Roman fort
  

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  Why did the Romans invade Britain?
  Romans came
  to Britain looking for riches – land, slaves, and most of all, iron, lead, zinc, copper, silver and gold.
  

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  the Romans FOUNDED London
  The River Thames was quick way to transport goods between Britain
  and the Continent.
  The Romans built the town of Londinium around the river's main crossing point.
  

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  What did the Romans leave behind?
  Romans built first towns, military camps (Manchester, Winchester, Newcastle), roads, bridges, baths,
  water pipes, “central heating” in houses.
  
  

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  Why was the Roman Empire important?
  They gave us:
  Language
  The Romans spoke and wrote in Latin and many of English words are based on Latin words.
  Christianity
  The Romans introduced Christianity to Britain
  
  
  The Calendar we use today is more than 2,000 years old.
  The names of our months are taken from the names of Roman gods and rulers.
  
  Laws and a legal system came originally from the Roman Empire.
  
  

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  POST-ROMAN BRITAIN
  
  From the 2nd century AD Roman Britain was under attack from 'barbarians‘.
  The last Roman soldiers left Britain in AD 410.
  Anglo-Saxons tribes
  invaded Britain.
  They were a mixture of people from north Germany, Denmark and northern Holland.
  
  
  
  

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  How the Anglo-Saxons lived
  Anglo-Saxons worshipped
  lots of gods and goddesses.
  Anglo-Saxons were also
  farmers and sailors.
  They built wooden ships
  with oars and sailed
  to settle in new lands.
  

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  ANGLO-SAXON CONQUESTS
  Each group of Anglo-Saxon settlers had a leader or war-chief ('cyning' - 'king‘).
  Each king ruled a kingdom and led a small army.
  There were many quarrels and wars between kings, to see who was the strongest.
  
  Reconstruction of a helmet buried in Satton-Hu the king of East Anglia
  (approximately 625)
  

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  ANGLO-SAXON KINGDOMS
  By around AD 600
  there were 5 important
  Anglo-Saxon kingdoms
  
  They were Kent, Northumbria, Mercia, Wessex, East Anglia.
  
  
  
  

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  Scandinavians attacked Britain in AD 793 – 1066
  Vikings (the Norsemen) came across the North Sea and attacked Britain from Denmark and Norway.
  Vikings were great travelers and sailed to other parts of Europe, where they traded, raided, searched for better land for their farms and often settled.
  
  
  

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  Viking Houses
  The Vikings lived on farms in long houses made of wood or stone. There were usually one room with a cooking fire
  in the middle.
  People and animals lived in the same building.
  

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  What religion did the Vikings follow?
  The Vikings worshipped many
  different gods, but there were
  3 that were especially important.
  Odin, the leader of the gods, god of knowledge and war
  Thor, provided protection from cold, hunger, giants and other dangers.
  Freya, goddess of love and beauty.
  The battle between Odin and terrible Fenrir - the World Wolf
  

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  Who Really Discovered North America First?
  Viking
  Leif Erickson
  (with a command of 35 persons)
  was
  the first European who reached
  the North America in 1000.
  

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  King Alfred the Great
  defeats the Vikings in 886 AD
  but allows them to settle in Eastern England (the Kingdoms of York and East Anglia)
  
  This area on England becomes known as Danelaw and is ruled by the Viking King Guthrum.
  king ALFRED THE GREAT
  

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  The END OF Anglo-Saxon period
  The Anglo-Saxon period of English history was over when King Edward lll of England died on January 5, 1066.
  (He was called "The Confessor" because he built Westminster Abbey)
  
  
  
  

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  The Norman CONQUEST
  William, Duke of Normandy and his 7,000 soldiers landed at East Sussex.
  They fought with the English army led by Harold II.
  William's army was stronger and won
  the Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066).
  

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  THE NORMANS IN BRITAIN (1066 - 1154)
  England was conquered by William, Duke of Normandy.
  The Normans came from Normandy in Northern France.
  They were originally Vikings from Scandinavia.
  
  

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  William Duke Of Normandy,
  King of England
  William Duke of Normandy (earned himself the title 'Conqueror‘) was crowned King in Westminster Abbey
  on Christmas Day 1066.
  
  The king was governed the whole country, and his rule
  was the law.
  
  
  

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  WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR
  In 1067, William started building
  the Tower of London, the great fortress which demonstrated
  his power and
  dominated the city
  of London.
  
  
  

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  DOMESDAY BOOK
  The thing for which William is best remembered -
  The Domesday Book.
  It was the first
  national census.
  It was a royal survey
  of all England for administration and
  tax purposes.
  

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  The Middle Ages
  (1154 – 1485)
  were a period of massive social changes, conflicts, terrible natural disaster (the plague).
  
  
  
  
  THE MIDDLE AGES
  

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  The Black Death of 1348
  The plague killed 30-40% of the population (more then 2 million people).
  

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  from 1485 until 1603
  Tudor dynasty
  ruled the Kingdom of England
  It was the Renaissance period:
  the culture blossoming;
  the formation of an absolutism;
  active participation in the European policy;
  the beginning of colonization
  of America ( the end of XV century);
  the sea victory over Spanish «Invincible armada» in 1588.
  
  The Tudor Rose of England.
  

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  Golden Age of English literature
  William Shakespeare,
  the greatest and the most famous of English writers lived in England that time.
  
  (born 23 April 1564 – died 23 April 1616)
  
  

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  BRITAIN becomes PROTESTANT
  The Parliament of England in 1534 declared The Act of Supremacy.
  King Henry III became
  the Head of Church.
  
  
  
  

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  Stuart dynasty
  1600
  
  1665
  1666
  1707
  
  
  1805
  British ships sail for America, the West Indies;
  colonies founded; pirates on the high seas;
  Great Plaque of London / 100.000 people died.
  Great fire of London - 90% of the City destroyed.
  The Acts of Union joined the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland into a single Kingdom of Great Britain.
  War with France brought victory at Trafalgar and Waterloo, and gave Britain control of the seas.
  During the reign of the Stuarts, Scotland developed from a poor and feudal country into a prosperous and centralized state.
  
  

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  English Republic
  1649-1653
  
  King Charles I (1600 – 1649) struggled for power with the Parliament of England.
  The English Civil War (1641–1651) was a number of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists.
  Oliver Cromwell was an English military and political leader , who defeated the royalists in the English Civil War.
  King Charles I was beheaded , the monarchy was abolished and a republic was declared. It was called the Commonwealth of England.
  Oliver Cromwell conquered Ireland and Scotland, and ruled as Lord Protector from 1653 until his death in 1658.
  Charles's son, Charles II, became king after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660.
  Charles I
  Oliver Cromwell
  

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  Victorian Britain
  Alexandrina Victoria was the Queen of the United Kingdom from 20 June 1837 until her death on the 22nd of January 1901.
  Her reign lasted 63 years and 7 months, longer than that of any other British monarch before or since.
  The Victorian period was a time of industrial, political, scientific and military progress within the United Kingdom.
  
  

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  The population of England had almost doubled from 16.8 million
  in 1851 to 30.5 million in 1901.
  Ireland’s population reduced
  from 8.2 million in 1841 to less
  than 4.5 million in 1901.
  Around 15 million emigrants left the United Kingdom and settled mostly
  in the United States, Canada,
  and Australia.
  
  
  Victorian Britain
  Union Jack,
  is the national flag of the United Kingdom.
  

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  The Edwardian period
  After the death of Queen Victoria, her son, Edward, became the King of the United Kingdom (1901 - 1910).
  Edward played a great role in the reorganization of the Royal Navy and the British army.
  He fostered good relations between Great Britain and other European countries.
  But his relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II of Germany, was poor. Edward suspected that Wilhelm would plan a war, and four years after Edward's death, World War I brought an end to the Edwardian way of life.
  King Edward VII
  

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  The House of Windsor
  George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 1910 until 1936.
  He was the first British monarch of the House of Windsor, which he created from the British branch of the German House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
  His reign witnessed the rise of socialism, communism, fascism, Irish republicanism, all of which radically changed the political spectrum.
  
  

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  The House of Windsor
  George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions
  from 1936 until 1952.
  He came into history as a symbol of struggle of Great Britain against Nazi Germany in the Second World War.
  George's reign is marked by disintegration of British Empire and its transformation to Commonwealth of the nations.
  He was the last Emperor of India (until 1947), the last King of Ireland (until 1949),
  and the first Head of the Commonwealth.
  
  George VI
  

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  Elizabeth II
  Elizabeth II was crowned at Westminster Abbey in June 1953.
  For more than 50 years the queen has carried out her political duties as head of state.
  In 2002, Elizabeth celebrated her golden jubilee (50 years on the throne) and in 2006 her 80th birthday.
  
  

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  from 1603 until 1807
  Stuart dynasty
  ruled the Kingdom of England
  

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  the national anthem of the United Kingdom
  God save our gracious Queen,
  Long live our noble Queen,
  God save the Queen:
  Send her victorious,
  Happy and glorious,
  Long to reign over us:
  God save the Queen.
  
  O Lord, our God, arise,
  Scatter her enemies,
  And make them fall.
  Confound their politics,
  Frustrate their knavish tricks,
  On Thee our hopes we fix,
  God save us all.
  
  Thy choicest gifts in store,
  On her be pleased to pour;
  Long may she reign:
  May she defend our laws,
  And ever give us cause
  To sing with heart and voice
  God save the Queen.
  

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  What Do You Know About Britain?
  
  Did you like the presentation?
  What new information have you
  learnt from it ?