МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ «СРЕДНЯЯ ШКОЛА № 8 С УГЛУБЛЕННЫМ
ИЗУЧЕНИЕМ ИНОСТРАННЫХ ЯЗЫКОВ» ГОРОДА СМОЛЕНСКА
«Приемы
разноуровневого обучения на уроке английского языка»
(статья)
Автор:
учитель английского языка
высшей
квалификационной категории
Савельева
И.Г.
Смоленск
2023
Diaries
Students regularly write in a diary
or journal. They can write about whatever they wish and however much they want.
The focus is on fluency. Teachers can read and respond to the content. Students
can also illustrate these diaries and/or include pictures or text from
magazines /internet etc. This creates a real and personal communication between
the student and the teacher.
Surveys
Students design questionnaires for
the class and decide how to present their findings. Weaker students can choose
just a few simple questions to ask e.g. What is your favourite xxxx? And
then present their findings using charts, posters or oral presentations.
Brainstorming
Doing any work on a given topic
allow time for students to think of language they already know on the topic.
You can do this as a class with teacher writing suggestions on the board or
with students working in groups on big pieces of paper. For example:
Bank
robbery
gun
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robber
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scream
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money
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manager
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customer
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police
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getaway
car
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fear
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mask
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arrest
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All students can contribute, even
if it is only single words.
Class stories
You can tell a story with the
class, encouraging them all to contribute ideas and vocabulary. Accept as many
contributions as possible especially the crazy ones! For example:
One day – what
kind of day was it?
Students make suggestions and you
incorporate them into the story.
OK, it was a sunny,
hot, boring day. A man – what did he look like? etc.
Don’t
compare students to others, but praise them for what they have managed to do,
regardless of what others around them have produced. We all need to know that
our contributions are of value.
Here’s an example of a graded
dictation at three different levels:
The text is three jokes – that the
teacher can read out. It’s nice for students to be encouraged to listen to
something that can engage them on different levels like something funny. But be
careful - jokes are often hard to understand in a foreign language.
What do you call a
spaceship with a faulty air-conditioning unit?
A frying saucer!
If a jumper and a
vest had a fight, which one would win?
The jumper, of course - vests are completely 'armless!
Have you heard about the new
footballing exam designed to test players' teamwork?
If they don't pass, they fail!
Students who are stronger get a
blank sheet of paper to write the dictation on, students who need some help get
sheet A and students who you feel need a lot of support get sheet B.
Sheet A – fill in
the gaps
What do you ____ a
spaceship with a faulty ___________ unit?
A _______ saucer
___ a jumper and a vest ___ a ______, which one would ____?
The jumper, _______ - vests are _________ 'armless
Have you _________ about the new footballing ________ designed to _______
players' teamwork?
If they don't _______, they fail.
Sheet B – circle
the word you hear
What do you name /
call / say a spaceship with a broken / faulty / falling air-conditioning unit?
A flying / frying / fried saucer
If a jumper and a vest / west / nest had a fight, which one would win / lose /
draw?
The jumper, of course - vests are completely 'armless
Have you heard about the new footballing quiz / exam / test designed to test
players' / payers’ / prayers’ teamwork?
If they don't pass, they fail.
The advantage of graded activities
like these is that everyone is working on the same text at a level they find
comfortable. The main disadvantage is that teachers need to prepare more
material for a lesson.
- Allow students time to think
about tasks
You can do this by setting up
student-centred activities where students work in small groups. This means they
are not all competing to respond to your questions.
You may set them a writing task in
response to a reading or listening text and they work together, helping each
other in a less stressful manner.
For example, they
could listen to the Beatles’ song – She’s leaving home. Ask them to
write the note that the girl leaves her parents or the dialogue the parents
have once they discover their daughter has gone.
If groups
are mixed (less and more able students together) peer teaching can take place,
with students helping each other by explaining language points in mother
tongue, explaining vocabulary. You may be surprised at who helps who.
Here is an example
of a writing task that is graded:
A. Write a postcard to a friend,
telling them about your holiday.
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________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
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B. Fill in the gaps or circle the
word you want to use:
Dear ________,
I am having a great / fine / terrible
time here in ____. The weather is sunny / rainy /snowy. Everyday I go
swimming / jogging / skiing. The food is terrible / ok / great. Yesterday I
went to a circus / museum / zoo. It was _______.
Best wishes,
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________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
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While one task is open and
challenging for students, the second offers support. It is still challenging,
as students need to read and choose their words. The first task may be very
daunting for a less confident student and also they may be unaware of what kind
of information goes into a postcard – here it’s their knowledge of the world
that lets them down not necessarily their knowledge of English.
Are we addressing
all the students in the class?
Sometimes without
being aware of it ourselves we are making the difference between students
greater by favouring some students and ignoring others. Consider the questions
below to reflect upon your own teaching and consider whether you are directing
your lesson to all the students in the class:
- Can all the students see you?
- Can you see all the students?
- Can all the students hear you?
- Do you know all the students’
names?
- Do the weaker students sit at
the back, where it’s more difficult for you to make eye contact with them?
- Do you ask questions to the
class and give everyone time to respond or do you let the quick students
call out the answers first, so that’s it’s always the same students who do
the answering?
- Are you fair?
- Do you encourage all the
students?
- Are you patient?
- Are your instructions clear?
- Is your lesson well
signposted? (i.e. do students know what they should be doing at any given
time? Do you give time limits for activities? Has everyone noticed that
you want to give some new instructions or explain something?)
- Are all the students
comfortable? (If a student is too hot, in pain, hungry, upset, preoccupied
etc they are not in the right condition to learn.)
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