Использование
научно-популярных текстов при подготовке к ОГЭ по английскому языку
Материал
подготовлен учителем английского языка МБОУ СОШ № 64 города Пензы Кудряшовой
О.И.
В состав устной
части ОГЭ по английскому языку входит короткий научно-популярный текст для
прочтения вслух с соблюдением норм и правил чтения.
Начиная с 7 класса
на уроках при прохождении тех или иных тем я предлагаю учащимся прочитать текст
вслух с целью закрепления ЛЕ.
Далее привожу
подборку текстов взятых с сайта ФИПИ (открытый банк), которые могут быть
использованы при изучении определенных лексических тем.
Тема
«Спорт»
Netball is played by over
20 million people in more than 70 countries of the world. It was invented in
1892 as women’s basketball. However, netball is different from basketball in
many ways. For example, the ball and the basket are smaller and the court is
bigger. The players cannot run with the ball. They are not allowed to touch the
players who they are playing with. Netball has seven players in each team (not
five as in basketball). During the 20th century, the game became very popular
in English-speaking countries. Traditionally, only girls and women have played
netball. Nowadays, netball is the number one women’s sport in the world but
boys and men are starting to play it too.
Table tennis is the third
most played sport in the world after football and cricket. It is considered to
be an indoor version of Lawn Tennis. However, they have a lot of differences.
Table tennis has a different scoring system, a smaller ball, smaller rackets,
and a smaller playing area. Modern table tennis was invented at the end of the
19thcentury in England. Very soon the new sport became popular all over the
world. In 1901, competitions with over 300 participants were already being
held. According to numerous studies, table tennis has great effects on human
health. It keeps the brain sharp and improves the player’s coordination. Since
1988, table tennis has been an Olympic sport.
Bicycles or bikes are an
important means of transportation in many parts of the world. The first
bicycles turned up in Europe in the first half of the19th century but the word
‘bicycle’ only appeared later, in 1868. There are more bicycles in the world
than cars. About 100 million bicycles are produced worldwide each year. A lot
of people have realized that cycling is an easy way to get around and a great
way to cut down on pollution. More and more cities have special places where
people can borrow a bike and ride around the city. Over the past few years, a
bicycle infrastructure has been created in Moscow. Cycling in the centre of
Moscow in summer is one of the most pleasant and quickest ways of seeing the
city.
One day a young man who
lived near the lake in a small American town asked himself, “Why can’t people
ski on water if they can ski on snow?” With his brother’s help he constructed
several models of skis to test his ideas. He experimented on the local lake for
a few days and created skis suitable for the water. This happened in 1922. The young
man, who was only 18 at that time, didn’t patent his invention. However, he
performed a lot of shows across the country that made him and the sport of
water skiing popular. Later, he was recognized as the creator of a new sport –
water skiing.
Water skiing equipment
has been greatly improved since that time, and the number of people who enjoy
this sport is growing in many countries.
Тема
«Космос»
Most people enjoy watching the
night sky. And the brightest object in the sky is the Moon. Every night the
Moon rises in the East and sets in the West. It takes about 27 days to go
around the Earth, and it’s an interesting fact that we always see the same side
of the Moon. The Moon is the closest object to the Earth. It would take us only
13 hours to get to the Moon by rocket. If we were able to travel at the speed
of light, it would take a bit less than two seconds.
There is a very thin
atmosphere on the Moon. Life is not possible there. In spite of this, the Moon
can be used as a base for space exploration and even for space tourism. Some
space companies say that they will be able to take tourists to the Moon as soon
as in 2020.
Our planet is the only
planet in the Solar System where rainbows are possible. They are not visible in
big cities, due to pollution and smog. But if you are travelling after rain has
fallen in the countryside or walking on the beach, you have a good chance to
see a rainbow. The rainbow is a multi-coloured arc which appears in the sky.
When you see a rainbow, the sun is always behind you and it is raining in front
of you. It is impossible to get to the end of the rainbow and to touch it. When
you move, the rainbow moves too. We have always learned that rainbows have 7
colours. However, until the 17th century, people used to think there were only
5 colours in the rainbow.
Тема
«Природа»
A zoo, also known as a
zoological park or a zoological garden, gives people the opportunity to watch
animals from different continents. There are hundreds of zoos all over the
world. However, most of them are located in major cities. The first zoo in
Russia was opened in 1864, in Moscow. It was a small zoological garden. On the
opening day, only 287 animals were on display. Nowadays, the Moscow Zoo is one
of the largest in Europe. The unique collection of the Zoo includes over 8000
kinds of animals and birds. Scientists study the animals’ behavior and
reproduction. They also breed rare animals there to stop them dying out.
The rainforest can be
described as a thick and very tall jungle. The term rain comes from the great
quantity of water that these forests get throughout the year. The rainforests
are the world's greatest natural resources. They are called the lungs of our
planet. Half of all the kinds of plants and animals that exist on the planet
live in the rainforests. Unfortunately, the area with rainforests is being
reduced due to global warming. 100 years ago, the rainforests covered 14 per
cent of the earth’s surface. Now, it is only 6 per cent. Scientists say
that if the process continues at this rate, the rainforests will have
disappeared in 40 years.
The Caspian Sea is one of
the world’s natural wonders. It shares the characteristics of both a sea and a
lake. In the past it was called a sea because of its great size and salty
water. However, the Caspian Sea is listed as the largest lake in the world.
There are about 130 rivers which bring their water to the Caspian Sea. But it
is not a freshwater lake – its water is very salty. The Caspian Sea is famous
for its wildlife. More than 850 kinds of animals and 500 different plants can
be found in this unique sea. The Caspian Sea region is also one of the oldest
oil-producing areas in the world. It is also rich in other
natural resources.
Earth Hour is an event
that encourages people around the world to switch off electricity at the same
time for one hour. Of course, switching off the lights for an hour makes a
small difference to the amount of energy we use. But the aim of the event is
not to save energy but to get people to think about the planet they live on.
Earth Hour started in Australia in 2007. More and more countries join the
ecological movement every year. Now, millions of people from 178 countries
switch off their lights for 60 minutes at the end of March. People in Russia
participate in this event too – large office buildings and small private houses go
dark for Earth Hour.
Wombats are exotic
animals that only live in Australia. They have become an unofficial symbol of
the country. In 1974 a wombat appeared on an Australian stamp for the first
time. Since then it has been regularly used on different Australian stamps and
coins. Wombats look like little bears and prefer grass to meat. They also love
eating berries, plant roots and mushrooms. Like camels, wombats drink little
water because there is enough water in fresh grass. Wombats spend most of their
life in holes under the ground. With their strong arms and long nails they are
able to dig very long and complex tunnels. Fortunately, wombats have few
enemies in the animal world. Most wombats live around 15 years.
The word ‘tsunami’ can be
translated from Japanese as ‘big wave’. It describes a natural process that can
be dangerous for people and their homes. Most of the huge waves appear after
earthquakes. Most waves are born in the Indian and the Pacific Oceans where
volcanoes are active. The mass of water rises from the bottom of the ocean and
moves to the shore. It moves at a speed of a plane and can be up to 40 meters
high. The wave is very powerful and dangerous. In 2004, a tsunami happened in
the Indian Ocean. It was one of most terrible natural disasters in history. It
hit 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. Thousands of people were killed or
went missing.
Snowdon is the highest
mountain in Wales. It is located in a national park. It stands at 1085 metres
above sea level, and it is often described as the busiest mountain in Great
Britain. Snowdon is very popular with tourists. If you are strong and brave
enough to get to the top, you can enjoy wonderful views from there. On a clear
day, you can see as far as Ireland! During the summer months there is a café at
the top. There, tourists can get a welcome cup of tea, or soup if the weather
is cold. If you feel too tired to walk back, you can always take the train down
the mountain. The mountain railway was built in 1896. It is safe, and there
have never been any accidents on this route.
People have always wanted
to discover new things and new worlds. We have built spaceships to go to other
planets and are planning to visit other galaxies one day. Meanwhile, we know
very little about our own planet. The oceans, which cover 70 percent of the
planet, are an unknown world to us. The Pacific Ocean is the largest one. The
lowest point on the Earth is also there. It is called Challenger Deep and it
was discovered in 1875. The Pacific Ocean stretches from the Arctic Ocean to
the coast of Antarctica, but most of its water is in the warm tropics, which
makes it warm. A lot of fish and animals live in the Pacific Ocean. The place
is still waiting for researchers to discover its secrets for us.
The Arctic Ocean is the
smallest ocean of the world. It covers the northern polar region of the Earth.
The Arctic region is a very cold place. The lowest recorded temperature there
is minus 68 degrees. In spite of the cold, a lot of animals live on the Arctic
ice. The polar bear is one of them. Now, due to global warming, the polar bear
is in a serious trouble. The thing is that polar bears hunt seals and they need
ice to do this. The bears wait for seals on the ice, hunt them in the water and
go back to the shore. If the ice is too thin, it breaks under the bears’ heavy
bodies and they may drown. The situation is getting worse and some researchers
say the ocean may become ice-free as soon as 2050.
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