История Башкир в России.

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  Presentation
  Bashkirs in Russia
  

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  A little history
  In the years 1556-1557. Bashkirs were a part of the Russian state. The entry was voluntary. According to the treaty between with the royal governor in Kazan and Tsar Ivan 4 the Terrible in Moscow.
  

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  Tsar Ivan the Terrible guaranteed Bashkirs:
  protection from claims Nogai and Siberian khans; 
  protection against invasion of foreign enemies; 
  Non-interference in the internal life of the Bashkirs; 
  promised not to encroach upon religion; 
  to leave power in the hands of local Bashkir`s princes.
  

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  Bashkirs, pleaded members of the Russian state, pledged
  to perform military service
  to pay tax
  
  

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  March 20, 1919 in Moscow was signed "Agreement of the central Soviet government with the Bashkir government about Soviet Autonomy of Bashkiria"
  March 31, 1992 in Moscow, signed by the Federal Treaty
  Treaty Republic of Bashkortostan is a sovereign country in the Russian Federation.
  
  

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  Famous Bashkirs in Russia
  Sagit Agish
  Sagit Agish, a prominent Bashkir writer, was born in December 1904 (January 1905) in the village Isyangildino Orenburg province. After graduating from Orenburg Bashkir Pedagogical College came to Ufa with Gabdulla Amantay later poets and scholars. "They are strongly attracted not only the city itself, as the newspaper" Young Proletarian "general printing, literary environment, which was at that time in Ufa unusually strong and effective - recalled Bayezit Bikbay. - Almost every issue of "Komsomolskaya Gazeta" began to appear their temperamental poems. In 1928 Saghit Agish released his first collection of poetry entitled "Our laughter."
  

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  The poems included in this collection were notable not so much for its artistic side, how many young enthusiasm, poster invitingly. Characteristically, the young poet under the influence of Vladimir Mayakovsky walked away from the traditional start to the Bashkir poetry, looking for new forms. Soon switched to short humorous stories.
  

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  Bikbaev Ravil Tuhvatovich
  Bikbaev Ravil Tuhvatovich born December 12, 1938 in the village of Upper Kunakbay Perevolotsk district of Orenburg region. In 1953 he graduated from the seven-year school, in 1953-1957 he studied at the Ak-Bulak Teachers College. He graduated from the Faculty of Philology of the Bashkir State University (1962). After graduating in 1962-65 he studied at the graduate school of the Institute of History, Language and Literature Bashkir Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences. C 1965 Researcher of the Institute of History of Literature, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1966 he defended his thesis on "Modern Bashkir poem" in 1996 - a doctoral thesis.
  
  

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  Holidays of Bashkortostan
  Kurban Bayram
  Eid al-Adha, along with Eid ul-Fitr is one of the most important Muslim holidays. Kurban Bayram is inseparably linked to the pilgrimage to Mecca, where Abraham sacrificed Lamb. Called a hajj pilgrimage. Hajj means "desire" is one of the pillars of Islam. Otmyachaetsya Eid al-Adha on the tenth day of Dhul-Hijjah in the Muslim calendar. This is exactly after seventy days after the celebration of Eid al-Adha.
  
  

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  Dhul-Hijjah is one of the four sacred months, in the first ten days which should be fasting. And that is discharging is distributed on this post, on the tenth day, celebrated Eid al-Adha.The culmination of the festival is the sacrifice. As the victim may act sheep, goat, cow or camel. To the victims to present a number of requirements, compliance with which is mandatory. The victim should not be under the age of six months. The victim should not have any whatsoever physical disabilities. Depending on their well-being, a Muslim can donate as one animal for the whole family, and one animal for each family member. Also permitted to sacrifice animals in memory of the dead. The meat of slaughtered animals cooked in one pot and eaten at the table.
  
  

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  Eid ul Fitr - this is one of the most important Muslim holidays. Sometimes the holiday of Eid al-Fitr is also called the day of Fitr. Eid ul-Fitr is celebrated on the first day of the tenth month of the Muslim calendar - the first day of the holy month of Ramadan. The month of Ramadan in the Muslim calendar, is considered one of the most difficult, as evidenced by its name - Ramadan means "red-hot". It is believed that in the month of Ramadan, the sun burns the ground is particularly strong, thus killing all living things.
  
  

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  The whole month of Ramadan, Muslims are fasting. Eid ul-Fitr also falls on the first day of the month of Shawwal. Shawwal is not so picky about the Muslims as its predecessor. However, in this month, Muslims observe a six-day fast. It is believed that consistently following the first big post in Ramadan, and then the relatively fleeting in Shawwal, Muslims thus equates to the post office daily throughout the year. The celebration of Eid ul-Fitr is preceded by a mandatory fee for the benefit of needy charity, called zakat. Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam, which makes it obligatory for every Muslim.
  
  

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  Sabantui
  Notes sabantui in June - after the completion of the work in the field. However, before sabantui celebrated solely before the field work - in late April. Thus, people celebrate the ending quite labor-intensive work. But if you had been drinking bout a simple rite, which was considered mandatory, now sabantui - this is a real holiday for children and adults, where whole families go to spend time with pleasure.
  
  

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  In addition to outdoor activities, you will Sabantui on mandatory reporting, under which various ensembles Bashkir sing folk songs and dance traditional dances Bashkir. Separate value are stunning in their beauty Bashkir folk garb in which artists perform on stage.
  
  

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  Kargath
  Many people celebrate winter care and vesting of spring. This is not surprising, because the winter is time - it is the time to severe. The Russian people this holiday is Mardi Gras, but, for example, the people of Lithuania - Kaziukas. Each of these events the features, but the goal is the same - to celebrate the arrival of spring and spend the harsh winter home. There is a holiday and the Bashkir people, and it's called Kargath.
  
  

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  However Kargath was not always a holiday dedicated to meeting the spring. In those days, when the Bashkir people have not come to Islam and belonged to the Gentile nations, holiday Kargath had a very different meaning. Karagatuy can be translated as "Rooks wedding" or "Rooks porridge," which refers to the time when in Bashkortostan one of the most popular cult was the cult of birds.