Final
Test
1. Read
the text and answer the questions:
Robotics
and robot generations
Robotics is the art and
science of the creation and use of robots, i. e., in other words, robot
technology. Today practically all sectors of the economy and industry are
looking forward to introducing industrial robots. But robot building is not
simple and certainly not cheap. If every sector begins to build its own robots,
it will be impossible to avoid unnecessary duplication of research and
development, and large sums will be wasted. Therefore the need is to
concentrate all efforts in robot technology in one pair of hands, in a powerful
intersectoral scientific and technical organization. Only in this way it is
possible to ensure the maximum standardization of production of industrial
robots and multipurpose automatic manipulators. There are two rational ways in
the field of robotics.
The first one is to build
standardized modules - unified elements on the basis of which t will be easy to
assemble, in different combinations, robots for the most varied purposes. The
second way is to create an intersectoral exchange fund of robots so that
research and development of designers in different technical fields should be
within the reach of all interested organizations and enterprises.
The robots are divided into
three generations: programmed, adaptive and intellectual. Characteristic of the
first generation – the programmed robots - is that their control system acts
according to a rigid oft-repeated programme all the time. But the programmed
robots are easily returned to various action programmes.
The adaptive robots, robots of
the second generation, have been ready worked out and will be widely applied in
production at the close of this and the beginning of the next decade. Their
fundamental difference from the first robot generation is the appearance of
artificial sensors, which give the adaptive robots the ability to see, to hear
and feel. The possibilities of them are immeasurably greater than the robots of
the first generation.
The third generation -
intellectual robots - will be able to perform intricate selective operations,
and carry out practically autonomous work not depending on the operator. Robots
with artificial intelligence will be able to identify objects in a
pile, select the objects in the appropriate sequence and assemble them into a
unit. And then we shall be able to speak, about a robot revolution in the
economy, about a many-fold increase of labour productivity, and the advent of a
new age of industrial production — the age fully automated enterprises and,
maybe, whole branches of industry.
1. What is Robotics?
2. How is it possible to
ensure the maximum standardization of industrial robots production?
3. What are two rational ways
in the field of robotics according to the text?
4. What 3 generations are the
robots divided into?
5. Can you characterize them?
2. Vocabulary.
Choose the best variant
for each sentence.
1) A
file sent with an email
a. Attachment
b. Text
c. Instant
message
2) A
code that identifies types of items
a. UPC
b. EPC
c. DPI
3) A
real time conversation
a. Email
b. Text
c. Instant
messaging
4) To
read a barcode
a. Spam
b. Scan
c. Calculate
5) Jack
created an image in a computer game that represents a person.
a. MMORPG
b. Link
c. Avatar
6) Put
your email on your webpage with personal or identifying information.
a. Profile
b. Forum
c. Link
7) Click
on that word or set of words on a website or document
a. Feed
b. Link
c. Virtual
world
8) Create
a name that a person uses to access an account
a. Handle
b. Forum
c. Blog
9) Ask
someone on the website where people can discuss topics
a. Virtual
world
b. Post
c. Forum
10) New
games create an online environment
a. Avatar
b. Virtual
world
c. Link
11) Read
this website with posts about personal activities and interests
a. Handle
b. Blog
c. Feed
12) Please
leave a message on a website
a. Post
b. MMORPG
c. Handle
13) The
practice of mapmaking
a. Latitude
b. Cartography
c. Integrity
14) Location
relative to the Equator
a. Elevation
b. Latitude
c. Accuracy
15) Location
expressed by numbers
a. Cartography
b. Integrity
c. Coordinates
16) Illegal
actions to access money that is not yours
a. Bank
fraud
b. Bill
pay
c. Online
banking
17) A
service provided by banks that allows customers to automatically pay bills
online
a. PIN
b. Electronic
fund transfer
c. Bill
pay
18) The
arm of a robot
a. Manipulator
b. End-effector
c. Pendant
19) A
device used to control and guide a robot’s movements
a. Joint
b. Pendant
c. End-effector
20) The
energy that makes a robot move
a. Joint
b. Actuator
c. Manipulator
21) Check
the book inventory to see if the book is available
a. Ebook
b. Media
c. Catalog
22) The
library subscribes to that online periodical
a. Media
b. Catalog
c. Ejournal
23) The
process of classifying objects by appearance
a. Algorithm
b. Pattern
recognition
c. Consciousness
24) A
person who studies how the mind works
a. Robot
b. Avatar
c. Cognitive
scientist
25) A
robot that consists of a single series of joints linked together
a. Serial
robot
b. Autonomous
c. operator
Keys:
1. Reading
1) Robotics
is the art and science of the creation and use of robots, i. e., in other
words, robot technology.
2) To
concentrate all efforts in robot technology in one pair of hands, in a powerful
intersectoral scientific and technical organization.
3) The
first one is to build standardized modules - unified elements on the basis of
which t will be easy to assemble, in different combinations, robots for the
most varied purposes. The second way is to create an intersectoral exchange
fund of robots so that research and development of designers in different
technical fields should be within the reach of all interested organizations and
enterprises.
4) The
robots are divided into three generations: programmed, adaptive and
intellectual.
5) The
programmed robots - is that their control system acts according to a rigid
oft-repeated programme all the time. The adaptive robots, have been ready
worked out and will be widely applied in production at the close of this and
the beginning of the next decade. Their fundamental difference from the first
robot generation is the appearance of artificial sensors, which give the
adaptive robots the ability to see, to hear and feel. Intellectual
robots - will be able to perform intricate selective operations, and carry out
practically autonomous work not depending on the operator. Robots with
artificial intelligence will be able to identify objects in a pile, select the
objects in the appropriate sequence and assemble them into a unit.
3. Vocabulary.
Choose the best variant
for each sentence.
26) A
file sent with an email
d.
Attachment
e. Text
f.
Instant
message
27) A
code that identifies types of items
d. UPC
e.
EPC
f.
DPI
28) A
real time conversation
d. Email
e. Text
f.
Instant messaging
29) To
read a barcode
d. Spam
e.
Scan
f.
Calculate
30) Jack
created an image in a computer game that represents a person.
d. MMORPG
e. Link
f.
Avatar
31) Put
your email on your webpage with personal or identifying information.
d.
Profile
e. Forum
f.
Link
32) Click
on that word or set of words on a website or document
d. Feed
e.
Link
f.
Virtual
world
33) Create
a name that a person uses to access an account
d.
Handle
e. Forum
f.
Blog
34) Ask
someone on the website where people can discuss topics
d. Virtual
world
e. Post
f.
Forum
35) New
games create an online environment
d. Avatar
e.
Virtual world
f.
Link
36) Read
this website with posts about personal activities and interests
d. Handle
e.
Blog
f.
Feed
37) Please
leave a message on a website
d.
Post
e. MMORPG
f.
Handle
38) The
practice of mapmaking
d. Latitude
e.
Cartography
f.
Integrity
39) Location
relative to the Equator
d. Elevation
e.
Latitude
f.
Accuracy
40) Location
expressed by numbers
d. Cartography
e. Integrity
f.
Coordinates
41) Illegal
actions to access money that is not yours
d.
Bank fraud
e. Bill
pay
f.
Online
banking
42) A
service provided by banks that allows customers to automatically pay bills
online
d. PIN
e. Electronic
fund transfer
f.
Bill pay
43) The
arm of a robot
d.
Manipulator
e. End-effector
f.
Pendant
44) A
device used to control and guide a robot’s movements
d. Joint
e.
Pendant
f.
End-effector
45) The
energy that makes a robot move
d. Joint
e.
Actuator
f.
Manipulator
46) Check
the book inventory to see if the book is available
d. Ebook
e. Media
f.
Catalog
47) The
library subscribes to that online periodical
d. Media
e. Catalog
f.
Ejournal
48) The
process of classifying objects by appearance
d. Algorithm
e.
Pattern recognition
f.
Consciousness
49) A
person who studies how the mind works
d. Robot
e. Avatar
f.
Cognitive scientist
50) A
robot that consists of a single series of joints linked together
d.
Serial robot
e. Autonomous
f.
operator
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