1. Система
образования в России
2. Начальное
образование в Великобритании
3. Среднее и высшее
образование в Великобритании.
4. Профессия педагога
5 Спорт и здоровый
образ жизни
6. Система
образования в США
7. Иностранный язык
в моей жизни
8.Реформыв системе
среднего образования
9. Характер учителя.
10. Конвенция о
правах ребенка
11. Школьные правила.
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1
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1
Is education in Russia
right or duty?
2. What kind of
schools are there in Russia?
3. What
are the possible ways to continue education after the finishing of the
secondary school?
4. What are the main
types of educational institutions in our country?
5. When
children begin your education?
Задание
4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова.
EDUCATION IN RUSSIA
People
in our country have the right for education. It is our Constitutional right.
But it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Every boy and every girl in
Russia must go to school, that is, they must get a full secondary education.
So, when they are 6 or 7 years old they begin to go to school. There are
thousands of schools in Russia. There are schools of general education, where
the pupils study Russian (or a native language), Literature, Mathematics,
History, Biology, Music, Arts, Foreign Languages. There is also a number of
specialised schools, where the pupils get deep knowledge of foreign languages,
or Maths, or Physics.
After
finishing 9 classes of secondary school young people can continue their
education at different kinds of vocational or technical schools or colleges.
They not only learn general subjects, but receive a speciality there. Having finished
a secondary school, a technical school or a college young people can start
working, or they may , enter an Institute or a University. Professional
training makes it easier to get higher education. As for high schools,
there are a lot of them in our country. Some of them train teachers, others —
doctors, engineers, architects, actors and so on. Many institutes have evening
and extra-mural departments. That gives the students an opportunity to study at
an institute without leaving their jobs.
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1)
When does the
compulsory education begin in England?
2)
What are «3R's» of the
infant school?
3)
When lessons begin?
4)What is a system of
education aimed to?
5)When does the
pre-school education in England begin?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова.
PRIMARY EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
The
system of education in any country is aimed at developing a personality for the
good of the individual and society as a whole.
Pre-school
education in England begins at the age of 3 or 4. Around half of the children
at this age attend nursery schools or playgroups mostly organised by parents.
Children of this age need care as well as education. That's why kids play a
lot, learn to listen attentively and to behave.
Compulsory
primary education begins at the age of five in England, Wales and Scotland and
at four in Northern Ireland. Children start their school career in an in fant
school. Lessons start at 9 a.m. and are over at 4 p.m. They are taught «3 R's»:
Reading» wRiting, aRithme-tic. Pupils have a lot of fun at school, drawing,
reading, dancing or singing.
When they
are 7 pupils move to a junior school, which lasts four years till they are 11.
They study a lot of subjects: English, Mathematics, Science, History, Geography
along with Technology, Music, Art and Physical education
Most of
children (over 90 per cent) go to state schools where education is free. Only
a small proportion of them attend private (Public) or independent schools.
Parents have to pay for the education at these schools. The fees are high and
only some families can afford it. So such schools are for the representatives
of the high class of England. The most notable Public schools are Eton, Harrow,
Winchester, Rugby.
Текст 3
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. When Secondary education
begins?
2. What are Grammar schools?
3. What are Modern schools?
4. What is the British
government aimed to?
5. What exams must be taken to
enter the University?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова.
Secondary
and higher education in UK
Secondary education begins
at 11. The majority of secondary schools are Comprehensive schools where boys
and girls study together. Besides, parents can take their sons and daughters to
Grammar schools or Secondary Modem Schools.
Grammar schools provide an
academic course from 11 to 18. They prepare pupils for colleges and
universities.
Many
children of working class families go to Modern schools. They give a very
limited education. Pupils get instruction in woodwork, metalwork,
sewing, shorthand, typing and cooking. After finishing such a school a pupil
becomes an unskilled worker.
Every
pupil has to choose a set of subjects to learn. If he takes up Art he will
study English Literature, Music, Art, Drama and foreign languages. If he is
good at exact and natural sciences, he will learn Science: Mathematics,
Physics, Chemistry. Biology. Geography, Economics and Technical Drawing.
The
British government encourages careers education in the country. That's why
secondary schools try to break down the barriers between education and
business. They set up close links with firms to allow their students to take
part in business activities.
At around
16 years old teenagers take some exams and coursework to get General
Certificate of Education. Those who choose to stay on at school usually study
for two further years to pass A level (Advanced level) exams. These exams will
give them a chance to enter the university.
Текст 4
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.
What good teacher must know?
2.
Are teachers good friends of their
pupils?
3.
What organize good teacher?
4.
What means a «good teacher»?
5.
Is it profession teacher a very
difficult job?
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4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова.
TEACHER’S
PROFESSION
It
is known that teaching is a very difficult job of great responsibility and most
specific character. There is a wide variety of work in teaching. A good teacher
is not only a communicator of knowledge but a model of competence. He forms
attitudes to his subject and attitudes to learning, becoming himself a symbol
of educational process, a person who is teaching as well as learning.
A good teacher always regards
capacities his pupils have, trying to temper his teaching methods to children’s
abilities and aptitudes.
A good
teacher must know the general aims of education, must know his own subject perfectly
well, should plan carefully his or her work, assess pupils’ proficiency
correctly, work hard to remain up-to-date in his or her subject, use a lot of
different materials, equipment and teaching methods, do the best to make his or
her lessons interesting, keep in contact with the pupils’ parents, help
children to live in the community. School becomes a place of learning and
living, of work and play.
Teachers
are good friends of their pupils. They want to see them competent, skilled, honest, kind and
well-bred. Teachers help them to organize meetings, to hold pleasure parties,
conferences and excursions. They organize hobby groups, sports activity,
subject Olympiads (competitions).
Some people say that a good teacher has some of the qualities of a good
actor. May be they are right. But a teacher works in quite a different way. His
audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions. A
teacher cannot learn his part by heart, but invent it as he goes along. There
are many teachers who are fine actors in class, but are unable to take part in
a stage-play.
Текст 5
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.When american children start attending elementary schools?
2
What most famous American
universities do you know?
3.Where young people get
higher education?
4. Are parents
free to choose any public school for their children?
5.When
school year starts and ends ?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова
The system of education in the USA.
The system of education in the USA varies greatly from state to state.
School education in so called state public schools is free. Parents are free to
choose any public school for their children. Although there are a lot of
private schools, mainly religious, and parents have to pay for them. A school
year starts in September and ends in June. It is divided into three terms or
four quarters.
American
children start attending elementary schools at the age of 6. They continue
their studies for eight years there .Their basic subjects in the curriculum at
this stage are English, Arithmetic, Natural Science, History, Geography,
Foreign Language and some others. After that pupils may enter a Senior high
school or if they go to a 5- or 6-year elementary school, they then attend a 3-
or 4-year Junior high school, and then enter a Senior high school. Pupils
graduate from high schools at the age of 18. The high schools (also known as secondary
schools) are generally larger and accommodate teenagers from four or five
elementary schools. During the school year the students study four or five
selective subjects according to their professional interests. They must
complete a certain number of courses to receive a high school diploma or a
certificate of school graduation.
At American
colleges and universities young people get higher education. They study for 4
years and get a Bachelor's degree in arts or science. If a student wants to get
a Master's degree he must study for two more years and do a research work.
Students who want to advance their education even further in a specific field
can pursue a Doctor degree. The most famous American universities are
Harvard, Princeton, Stanford, Yale, Columbia Universities.
Текст 6
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1What most popular team sports for
teenagers?
2.Are physical exercises also perfect way for
emotional release?
3
What kind winter sports
prefer youngsters ?
4
What perfect way for
emotional release?
5
What means «over weight»?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного
слова
Sports
and healthy lifestyle
Sport plays an
important role in the life of teenagers. Those people who go in for sports,
lead a healthy lifestyle, follow a diet and control their weight tend to be
more cheerful and are less susceptible to diseases. On the other hand, those
people who don't participate in any physical activity and prefer junk food tend
to be subjected to obesity and are at risk of heart and vascular diseases.
As a matter of
fact, the problem of obesity is one of the most pressing in the modern world.
Today more and more teenagers are becoming overweight. One solution that
can be put forward is doing sports, which can help teens not only to lose
excessive weight and to stay fit, but also to feel more vigorous and spirited
throughout the day. Physical exercises are also the perfect way for emotional
release. To improve school performance it is essential for school children to
balance mental stimulation and physical activity. Besides, it is necessary to
mention that supporters of healthy life style are also at much less risk of
getting involved in drinking alcohol, taking drugs and other bad habits than
those who are addicted to computer games, instead. In addition, sports develop
the will for victory, as well as caseharden the constitution and the spirit.
Sports also create opportunities to find congenial souls with common interests
and values. That feeling that you are a part of the team can help to develop
your leadership skills and to boost your self-esteem.
The most popular
team sports for teenagers are football, volleyball, basketball and tennis.
However, some youngsters prefer winter sports, such as figure-skating,
ice-hockey and skiing, while others are fond of summer sports, including
diving, swimming, yachting and rafting.
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.
Is learning foreign language
easy thing?
2.
How many people speak in mother
tongue?
3.
What countries speak in English?
4.
Who said, "He, who knows no
foreign language, does not know his own one."?
5.
What English poet do you know?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова
Foreign Languages in Our Life
Learning a
foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow process that takes
a lot of time and efforts. Nowadays it is especially important to know foreign
languages. Some people learn languages because they need them for their work,
others travel abroad, for the third studying languages is a hobby. Everyone,
who knows foreign languages can speak to people from other countries, read
foreign writers in the original, which makes your outlook wider. It is not
surprising that many intellectuals and well-educated people are polyglots.
I study English.
Nowadays English has become the world's most important language in politics,
science, trade and cultural relations. Over 300 million people speak it as a
mother tongue. The native speakers of English live in Great Britain, the United
States of America, Australia and New Zealand. English is one of the official
languages in the Irish Republic, Canada, the South Africa Republic. English is
one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other
political organizations. Half of the world's scientific literature is in
English. It is the language of computer technology. To know English today is
absolutely necessary for every educated person, for every good specialist. The
English language is a wonderful language. It is the language of the great
literature. It is the language of William Shakespeare, Jonathan Swift, Walter
Scott, Charles Dickens. The great German poet Goethe once said, "He, who
knows no foreign language, does not know his own one." That is why in
order to understand oneself and environment one has to study foreign languages.
Текст 8
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.
How many per cent of
school-leavers absolutely healthy today?
2.
How many per cent of school-leavers
have various health problems?
3.Is
school shows tendencies of further development?
4.What Modem industry needs?
5 Is General secondary education extended to
eleven years?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова
Reform in the System of Secondary
Education in Russia.
School is one of the most important
institutions of the society. School
reflects the condition of the society and shows
tendencies of further
development. Being one of the most important social
institutions, it influences the life of the country as a whole. Much attention
should be paid to education of children to ensure stability and progress in the
country.
At the same time, the changes in the
social and economic life present new demands in the respect of new vision in
the upbringing and development of the new generation. It is generally stated that
the system of education in Russia has the urgent need in deep alterations
nowadays.
In the beginning of the twenty-first
century the system of education faces several problems. On the one hand,
changes taking place in information technologies and industry highlight the
main objectives in education. Modem industry needs qualified, highly
professional specialists in many spheres. On the other hand, the overflow of information
may become even dangerous for children: the statistics says that only 10 per
cent of school-leavers can be considered absolutely healthy today, the other 90
per cent having various health problems. Therefore, it has been decided to
extend the period of obligatory secondary education to nine years instead of eight.
General secondary education is extended to eleven years.
Текст 9
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1. What young teacher must do
every day?
2. When young
people choose the profession of a teacher?
3. What means «good teacher»?
4. What teacher mustn’t forget doing?
5. Is classroom climate depends on the relations
between a teacher and a pupil?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова
Teacher’s сharacter.
When young people choose the profession
of a teacher, it is always necessary to bear in mind that teaching is a
very difficult job. It implies great responsibility and a lot of activities of
different kind both in class and at home. There are always a lot of copybooks
to be corrected, plans to be written, and problems to be discussed. In fact,
there are no days off for a teacher: he or she is constantly occupied with
thoughts about school, lessons and pupils. This is why it is often said that
teacher’s job is very specific.
On the one hand, a good teacher does not
only give knowledge but also serves a model of behaviour for his or her
pupils, especially the young ones. He or she forms the pupils’ attitude to the
subject. The manner in which he or she teaches matters a lot. On the other
hand, a teacher mustn’t forget that he or she must study from the pupils.
Studying is a constant process for a teacher. If one stops studying, learning something
new every day, both in the sphere of his or her professional
interest
and in people’s relations, this means that it is time to stop teaching. Classroom
climate depends a lot on the relations between a teacher and a pupil. A teacher
takes an active part in shaping a child’s character, fostering honesty, kindness,
and cooperation
Текст 10
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.
What named the document about
right of the child?
2. Has the Convention become the most widely accepted human
rights treaty ever?
3 What the Convention protects?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова
The Convention on the
Rights of the Child
The human rights of children and the standards to
which all governments must aspire in realizing these rights for all children,
are formulated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention is
the most universally accepted human rights instrument in history — it has
been
ratified by every country in the world except two. By ratifying this
instrument,
national governments have committed themselves to protecting
and
ensuring children's rights.
The Convention on the Rights of the Child was
carefully drafted
over
the course of 10 years (1979-1989) with the input of representatives
from
all societies, all religions and all cultures. The Convention has become the
most widely accepted human rights treaty ever.
Every right spelled out in the Convention is inherent
to the human dignity and harmonious development of every child. The Convention protects
children’s rights by setting standards in health care, education and legal,
civil and social services. These standards are bench marks against which
progress can be assessed. States that are party to the Convention are obliged
to develop and undertake all actions and policies in the light of the best
interests of the child.
The
Convention on the Rights of the Child confirms that children have a right to
express their views and to have their views taken seriously and given due
weight — but it does not state that children’s views are the only ones to be
considered. The Convention also states that children have a responsibility to
respect the rights of others, especially those of parents.
Текст 11
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3. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:
1.
Where every day brings us new
emotions and new experience?
2.
When pupils must come to
school?
3.
What pupils must say their
classmates?
4.
Have schools an uniform?
5.
What pupils must do during the
lesson?
Задание 4. Определите часть речи выделенного слова
School Rules
School is the place where we meet almost all our future friends, where
every day brings new emotions and new experience. It gives us the opportunity
to gain knowledge, to communicate with friends, to explore the world. Finally,
school is where every weekday children spend even more time than at home – from
early morning till evening. There are certain rules to be followed by all
pupils and teachers at school. These rules make the life at school pleasant and
comfortable for everyone involved. For example, it is a good idea to come to
school 10-15 minutes before the start of the lesson.
Then you have
some time to say hello to your classmates and to discuss with them the latest
news in order not to do it during the lesson. What’s more, you should prepare
for the lessons, doing your homework in advance. Then, you should turn off your
mobile phone during the lessons so it does not interfere with listening to the
teacher carefully. And also try not to talk with other children during
the lessons. That would prevent both of you from studying.
Nowadays many
schools have school uniform. It is believed that school uniform makes children
more disciplined and removes social inequality because both rich and poor
children wear the same clothes. Nevertheless, wearing school uniform is a must
for all pupils. To sum up, whether you like it or not school rules are to
follow for of all children at school. They help to avoid unpleasant and
awkward.
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