Министерство
образования и науки Республики Татарстан
ГАПОУ
«Чистопольский многопрофильный колледж
GREAT BRITAIN
Методические
указания по практике речи английского языка
для
студентов всех специальностей
г.
Чистополь 2016
Допущено к
публикации предметно-цикловой комиссией преподавателей филологических дисциплин
ГАПОУ «
Чистопольский многопрофильный колледж»
Составитель: Хаматгалиева
Л.З., преподаватель английского языка
ГАПОУ
«Чистопольский многопрофильный колледж»
Рецензент: Валиуллина Ф.М.,
методист по национальному образованию и межрегиональному сотрудничеству МКУ
«Управление образования ИК ЧМР РТ», кандидат филологических наук
Данные
методические указания предназначены для студентов профессиональных
общеобразовательных учреждений, познакомят
учащихся с базовыми
достопримечательностями Великобритании. Содержат устные темы и материал для чтения по
английскому языку и могут быть использованы
как для работы в аудитории, так и для самостоятельной работы студентов.
Методические указания составлены в соответствии с рабочей
программой курса английского языка и их целью является развитие лексических
навыков английского языка, развитие навыков устной речи, письменной речи, развитие
умения и навыков чтения текстов страноведческой и культуроведческой тематики;
Тематика текстов включает лингвострановедческих материал.
Тексты оснащены предтекстовыми и послетекстовыми упражнениями, упражнения
лексико-грамматического характера и упражнения на развитие коммуникативной
деятельности.
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Chapter 1. The
Geographical Position of Great Britain……………………………………………………..3Chapter
2. The Population of the British Isles……………………………..........................................5Chapter
3.
Climate in Great Britain …………………………………………………….7Chapter
4.
British Museums……………………………………………….....10Chapter
5.
British Literature……………………………………………….....12Chapter
6. London……………………………………………………14Chapter 7. Tea
is the Most Popular Drink in Britain………………………………………………….....16Chapter
8.
The Tower of London……………………………………………………18Chapter
9.
Transport in Britain…………………………………………………….20Chapter 10. Education
in Britain……………………………………………….........22
Chapter
1
The Geographical Position
of Great Britain
There are two large islands and several smaller ones, which lie in the
north-west coast of Europe. Collectively they are known as the British Isles. The largest island is called Great Britain. The smaller one is called Ireland.
Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel. The
country is washed by the waters of the Atlantic Ocean. Great
Britain is separated from Belgium and Holland by the North Sea, and from Ireland
- by the Irish Sea.
In the British Isles there are
two states. One of them governs of the most of the island of Ireland.
This state is usually called the Republic of Ireland. The other state has
authority over the rest of the territory. The official name of this country is
the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. But it is usually
known by a shorter name - "The United Kingdom". The total area of Great Britain is 244,000 square km.
They say that
the British love of compromise is the result of the country's physical
geography. This may or may not be true, but it certainly true that the land and
climate in Great Britain have a notable lack of extremes. The mountains in the
country are not very high. It doesn't usually get very cold in the winter or
very not in the summer. It has no active volcanoes, and an earth tremors which does no more than rattle
teacups in a few houses which is reported in the national news media. The
insular geographical position of Great Britain promoted the development of
shipbuilding, different training contacts with other countries.
Questions:
1. Where is Great Britain situated?
2.
What is the total area of Great Britain?
3.
What is the official name of this country?
Vocabulary:
British Isles - Британские
острова
to govern - управлять
to rattle - болтать
volcano - вулкан
earth tremos - землетрясение
to be separated - быть отделенным
insular – островной
Match
English and Russian phrases:
1.самый
большой
остров
1.the country is
washed
2.пролив
Ла-Манш
2.the total area
3.страна
омывается
3.the British love of compromise
4.общая
площадь
4.English Channel
5.любовь
британцев
к
компромиссам
5.the
largest island
6.но
правда
в
том
6.but is certainly true
7.способствует
7.shipbuilding
8.торговые
связи
8.development
9.развитие
9.promoted
10.кораблестроение
10.training
contacts
Chapter
2
The
Population of the British
Isles
The
British Isles are the home of four nations — English, Scottish, Welsh and
Irish. Even though foreigners often call all British people
"English", and sometimes have
difficulty in appreciating the distinctions, the component nations of the United Kingdom are well aware of their own individual characteristics.
The
Scots, Welsh and Irish regard themselves as largely Celtic peoples, while the
English are mainly Anglo-Saxon in origin. British society as a whole does not
have a uniform cultural identity.
In
1993 the population of the United Kingdom was about 58 million inhabitants.
This figure gives a population density of 600 persons per square mile (284 per
square km). England has an average density of 980 persons per square mile (364
per square km).
This
average does not reveal the even higher densities in some areas of the country,
such as south-east parts. Within
Europe only the Netherlands has a higher population that England.
Questions:
1.
How many nations live in the Great Britain? What are they
2. What
nations regard themselves as Celtic people?
3.
What nation is Anglo-Saxon?
4.
What was the population in 1988?
5.
What Europe country has a higher population than England?
Vocabulary:
distinction — различие
regard — уважение
society — общество
inhabitant — житель
density — плотность населения
to reveal — обнаруживать
Complete
the following idea putting a word in each space:
1.
Even though .
. . often call all
British people "English", and sometimes have difficulty in .
. . the distinctions, the component nations of
the United Kingdom are well aware of their own .
. . characteristics.
2.
British . . . as
a whole does not have a . . .
cultural identity.
3.
This figure gives a .
. . density of 600 persons per square mile
(284 per square km).
4.
This average does not reveal the even
higher .
. . in some areas of the country, such as .
. . parts.
5.
.
. . Europe only the Netherlands
has a higher . . . that England.
Chapter
3
Climate in Great Britain
The British Isles which are surrounded by the ocean have an insular climate. There are 3 things
that chiefly determine the climate of the United Kingdom: the position of the
islands in the temperate belt; the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the
west and south-west and the warm current — the Gulf Stream that flows from the
Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England. All
these features make the climate more moderate, without striking difference
between seasons. It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
So, the British
ports are ice-free and its rivers are not frozen throughout the year. The
weather on the British Isles has a bad reputation. It is very changeable and
fickle. The British say that there is a climate in other countries, but we have
just weather. If you don't like the weather in England, just wait a few
minutes.
It rains very
often in all seasons in Great Britain. Autumn and winter are the wettest. The
sky is usually grey and cold winds blow. On the average, Britain
has more than 200 rainy days a year. The English say that they have 3 variants
of weather: when it rains in the morning, when it rains in the afternoon, and
when it rains all day long. Sometimes it rains so heavily, that they say «It's
raining cats and dogs».
Britain
is known all over the world for its fogs. Sometimes fogs are so thick that it's
impossible to see anything within a few meters. The winter fogs of London
are, indeed, awful; they surpass all imagination. In a dense fog all traffic is
stopped, no vehicle can move from fear of dreadful accidents. So,
we may say that the British climate has three main features: it is mild, humid
and very changeable.
Questions:
1.
Does the Gulf Stream flow from the Gulf of Mexico along the western shores of England?
2.
What kind of climate does Great Britain have?
3.
Why does the United Kingdom have an insular climate?
4.
What are three main features that determine the climate of Great
Britain?
5.
Why are the English ports ice-free?
6.
Are the English rivers frozen during winter?
7.
Is it very hot in Britain in summer?
8.
What reputation does the weather of the United Kingdom have?
9.
Does it rain very often?
10.
What happens when there is a heavy fog in Great Britain?
Vocabulary:
to surround — окружать
insular climate — островной климат
to determine — определять
temperate belt — умеренный пояс
prevailing winds — господствующие ветры
the Gulf Stream — течение Гольфстрим
to flow — течь, протекать
shores — побережье
moderate — умеренный
striking difference — зд. большая
разница
throughout — по всей,
повсюду,
везде,
в
течение
всего
fickle — непостоянный
wet — сырой, мокрый
to blow — зд. - дуть
It's raining cats and dogs — дождь
льет
как
из
ведра
fog — туман
awful — ужасный, пугающий
dense — плотный, густой
vehicle.— транспортное средство,
автомобиль
dreadful — ужасный, страшный
Insert
the preposition:
1.
There are 3 things that chiefly determine the climate
of the United Kingdom: the position . . . the islands in the temperate belt;
the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west and the
warm current — the Gulf Stream that flows from the Gulf . . . Mexico along the
western shores . . . England.
2.
It
is not very cold . . . winter and never very hot . . . summer.
3.
The
weather . . . the British Isles has a bad reputation.
4.
The
British say that there is a climate . . . other countries, but we have just
weather.
5.
If
you don't like the weather . . . England, just wait a few minutes.
6.
It
rains very often . . . all seasons in Great Britain.
7.
.
. . the average, Britain has more than 200 rainy days a year.
8.
The
English say that they have 3 variants . . . weather: when it rains . . . the
morning, when it rains . . . the afternoon, and when it rains all day long.
9.
The
winter fogs . . . London are, indeed, awful; they surpass all imagination.
10.
.
. . a dense fog all traffic is stopped, no vehicle can move from fear . . .
dreadful accidents.
Chapter
4
British
Museums
There are many museums in London. One of them is the Tate Gallery in Millmank,
which presents modern masters of England and France. There are some fine
examples of modern sculpture. Its collection of French Impressionists is
marvelous. There is the Victoria and Albert Museum in Brompton Road. It has an
outstanding collection of the applied arts of all countries and periods.
The National
Gallery in Trafalgar Square has one of the best picture collections in the
world. It has the most valuable display of French paintings from the early of
the Impressionists, and, of course, the finest English painting, with
Gainsborough, Turner, Constable and others. It shows the progress of Italian
painting from the medieval to the Renaissance, some outstanding pictures of the
old Roman masters. It also has a great variety of Dutch and Flemish masters and
an excellent choice of Spanish painters. There are great treasures dispersed in
private collections all over the world. The Queen's collection is the most
valuable among them.
Questions:
1.
Are there many museums in London?
2.
Name British Museums you know?
3.
What is the National Gallery famous for?
4.
The Queen's collection is the most valuable, isn't it?
5.
Tell about the Victoria and Albert Museum?
Vocabulary:
sculpture - скульптура
outstanding - выдающийся
display - выставка
Find
in the chapter the English for:
· в
которой представлены современные художники Англии и Франции
· несколько
прекрасных образцов
· коллекция
французских импрессионистов
· национальная
галерея
· ценная
выставка
· многие
шедевры
· королевская
коллекция
Chapter
5
British
Literature
Great
Britain gave the world a lot of talented people. Many famous writers and poets
were born and lived in Great Britain.
One
of the best known English playwrights was William Shakespeare. He draw ideas
for his tragedies and comedies from the history of England and ancient Rome.
Many experts consider Shakespeare the greatest writer and the greatest
playwright in English language. William Shakespeare wrote 37 plays which may be
divided into: comedies (such as "A Midsummer Night's Dream"), tragedies
(such as "Hamlet", "Othello", "King Lear",
"Macbeth") and historical plays (such as "Richard II",
"Henry V", "Julius Caesar", "Antony and
Cleopatra").
Robert
Burns represents the generation of Romantic writers. In his poems he described
with love and understanding the simple life he knew. Among his well-known poems
are "Halloween", "The Jolly Beggars", "To a
Mouse". Lord George Gordon Byron. His free-spirited life style combined
with his rare poetic gift makes him one of the most famous figures of the Romantic
Era. His famous works such as "Stanzas to Augusta", "The
Prisoner of Chillon", "Childe Harold's Pilgrimage",
"Manfred" draw readers into the passion, humours and conviction of a
poet whose life and work truly embodied the Romantic spirit. Sir Walter Scott
wrote the first examples of historical novel. Lewis Carroll became famous when
he published "Alice's Adventures in Wonderland".
Questions:
1. Who is the best
known English playwright?
2. What are the
most famous plays by Shakespeare?
3. Who is Robert
Burns?
4. What makes
George Byron famous?
5. What are the
best known works by Byron?
6.
Who wrote historical novels?
7.
What brought popularity to Lewis Carroll?
Vocabulary:
playwright — драматург
tragedy — трагедия
comedy — комедия
to represent — представлять
rare — редкий
pilgrimage — паломничество
passion — страсть
conviction — осуждение, убеждение
wonderland — страна чудес
Say
the following phrases in Russia:
Famous
writers, English playwright, historical plays, generation of Romantic, simple
life, free-spirited life style, poetic gift, famous works, humour and
conviction, became famous.
Chapter
6
London
London is the capital of Great Britain, its political, economic and
cultural centre. It's one of the largest cities in the world. Its population is
more than million people. London is situated on the river Thames. The city is
very old and beautiful. It was founded more than two thousand years ago.
Traditionally London is divided into several parts: the City, the West End, the
East End and Westminster. The City is the oldest part of London, its financial
and business centre. The heart of the City is the Stock Exchange. Westminster
is the most important part of the capital. It's the administrative centre. The
Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British Government, are there. It's a
very beautiful building with two towers and a very big clock called Big Ben.
Big Ben is really the bell which strikes every quarter of an hour. Opposite the
Houses of Parliament is Westminster Abbey. It's a very beautiful church built
over 900 years ago. The tombs of many great statesmen, scientists and writers
are there.
To the west of Westminster is West End. Here we find most of the big
shops, hotels, museums, art galleries, theatres and concert halls. Picadilly
Circus is the heart of London's West End. In the West End there are wide
streets with beautiful houses and many parks, gardens and squares. To the east
of Westminster is the East End, an industrial district of the capital. There
are no parks or gardens in the East End and you can't see many fine houses
there. Most of the plants and factories are situated there. London has many
places of interest. One of them is Buckingham Palace. It's the residence of the
Queen. The English are proud of Trafalgar Square, which was named so in memory
of the victory at the battle. There in 1805 the English fleet defeated the
fleet of France and Spain. The last place of interest I should like to mention,
is the British Museum, the biggest museum in London. The museum is famous for
its library -one of the richest in the world.
All London's long-past history is told by its streets. There are many
streets in London which are known all over the" world. Among them Oxford
Street, Downing Street and a lot of others can be mentioned. And tourists are
usually attracted not only by the places of interest but by the streets too. In
conclusion I should say if you are lucky enough to find yourself in London some
day you will have a lot to see and enjoy there.
Questions:
1.
When was London founded?
2.
Into which parts is London divided?
3.
What is the heart of the City?
4.
Do you know any places of interest in London?
5.
All London's history is told by its streets, isn't it?
Vocabulary:
tower - башня
tomb - могила
battle - битва
in conclusion - в заключение
Complete
the following idea:
· The
City is the oldest part of London, . . .
· Westminster
is the most . . .
· It's
a very beautiful building with two towers and . . .
· The
tombs of many great statesmen, . . .
· Here
we find most of the big shops, hotels, museums, . . .
· In
the West End there are wide streets with beautiful houses . . .
· The
English are proud of Trafalgar Square, which was named so in memory . . .
· The
last place of interest I should like to mention, . . .
· Among
them Oxford Street, Downing Street . . .
· In
conclusion I should say if you are lucky enough to find yourself in London . .
.
Chapter
7
Tea
is the Most Popular Drink in Britain
Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It's even more
popular than coffee, which is favoured throughout Europe and America. The Dutch
brought the first tea to Europe in 1610. But it was not until 1658 that the
first advertisement for tea appeared in a London newspaper. At that time a
pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker's weekly
wages. Tea was guarded by the lady of the house and kept in special containers,
often with a lock and carefully doled out by the teaspoon.
By
1750 tea had become the principal drink of all the classes in Britain. Later,
tea-drinking developed into a fashionable social ritual. Tea parties were
popular at home and soon the ritual of "afternoon tea" was firmly
established.
Nowadays,
throughout the homes, tea shops and hotels of Britain, the custom of tea-time
continues. Tea in Britain is brewed in a teapot. Then the one spoonful of tea
per person and one for the pot is added. Most people in Britain prefer a rich,
strong cup of tea with milk, and sugar is sometimes added to taste.
Questions:
1.
What is the most popular drink in Britain?
2.
When did the Dutch bring first tea to Europe?
3.
When did tea become the principal drink in Britain?
4.
What is the way to brew tea in Britain?
5.
And what drink do you like?
Vocabulary:
the Dutch — голландцы
advertisement — реклама
ritual — ритуал
custom -— обычай
to brew — заваривать
Put
the verbs in brackets into the required forms:
1.
Everyone (know) that tea is the most
popular drink in Britain.
2.
The Dutch (bring) the first tea to Europe
in 1610.
3.
But it was not until 1658 that the first
advertisement for tea (appear) in a London newspaper.
4.
Tea was (guard) by the lady of the house
and (keep) in special containers, often with a lock and carefully doled out by
the teaspoon.
5.
By 1750 tea (become) the principal drink
of all the classes in Britain.
6.
Later, tea-drinking (develop) into a
fashionable social ritual.
7.
Then the one spoonful of tea per person
and one for the pot is (add).
Chapter
8
The
Tower of London
The
Tower of London is one of the most imposing and popular of London's historical
sites. It comprises not one, but 20 towers. The oldest of which, the White
Tower, dates back to the llth century and the time of William the Conqueror.
Nowadays a lot of tourists visit the Tower of London, because of the Tower's
evil reputation as a prison. The Tower is famous as home of the Crown Jewels.
Today they can be viewed in their new jewel house. They include the Crown of
Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother which contains the celebrated Indian diamond.
Many
stories associated with British history come from the Tower. In 1483 King
Edward IV's two sons were murdered in the so-called Bloody Tower. Over two
centuries later the skeletons of two little boys were found buried beneath
steps in the White Tower.
Traitor's
Gate has steps leading down to the River Thames. Countless prisoners, including
the future Queen Elizabeth I of England, were brought to the Tower by barge and
ascended the steps before being imprisoned. For many it was their last moment
of freedom before their death. But Elizabeth was released from the Tower and
became Queen. The King's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was brought to trial there
in 1536 and beheaded. Six years later her cousin, Catherine, Henry VIII's fifth
wife, suffered the same fate. Sir Thomas More was beheaded there in 1535.
Of
course, no visit to the Tower would be complete without seeing the ravens; huge
black birds who are an official part of the Tower community. Legend states that
if the ravens were to leave the Tower the Crown will fall, and Britain with it.
Under the special care of the Raven Master, the ravens are fed a daily diet of
raw meat. And there is no danger of them flying away, because their wings are
clipped.
Questions:
1.
What is the most imposing and popular site in London?
2.
How many towers does it comprise?
2.
What is the Tower of London famous for?
4.
Tell something about Traitor's Gate.
5.
Who is an official part of London's community?
Vocabulary:
imposing — заметный
to comprise — включать
jewel — драгоценность
to ascend — спускаться
to be beheaded — быть обезглавленным
raven — ворона
Pick
out the sentences from the chapter which is following word combinations are
used, and use them in sentences of your own:
Most
imposing, reputation as a prison, new jewel house, many stories, moment of
freedom, was released, huge black birds, legend states, under the special care,
wings are clipped.
Chapter
9
Transport
in Britain
You
can reach England either by plane, by train, by car or by ship. The fastest way
is by plane. London has three international airports: Heathrow, the largest,
connected to the city by underground; Gatwick, south of London, with a frequent
train service; Luton, the smallest, used for charter flights.
If
you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel. There is a
frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the
south-east of England.
People
in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right. The speed
limit is 30 miles per hour (50 km/h) in towns and cities and 70 m.p.h. (110
km/h) on motorways.
When
you are in London you can choose from four different means of transport: bus,
train, underground or taxi. The typical bus in London is a red double-decker.
The first London bus started running between Paddington and the City in 1829.
It carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.
The
next to arrive were the trains; now there are twelve railway stations in
London. The world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the
City in 1863. Now there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations
in use. The London underground is also called the Tube, because of the circular
shape of its deep tunnels.
Questions:
1.
What is the fastest way of traveling?
2.
How many airports are there in London?
3.
What kind of service helps to cross the Channel?
4.
What are some "rules" of driving in Britain?
5.
What does typical bus in London look like?
6.
Where was the first underground opened?
7.
Why is London underground called the Tube?
Vocabulary:
to reach — достигать
underground — метро
charter flight — чартерный рейс
steamer — пароход
ferry-boat — паром
to overtake — обгонять
shilling — шиллинг
shape — форма
Put
these phrases in the right order:
1. There
is a frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to
the south-east of England.
2. The
first London bus started running between Paddington and the City in 1829.
3. The
world's first underground line was opened between Baker St. and the City in
1863.
4. When
you are in London you can choose from four different means of transport: bus,
train, underground or taxi.
5. Now
there are ten underground lines and 273 underground stations in use.
6. People
in Britain drive on the left and generally overtake on the right.
7. If
you go to England by train or by car you have to cross the Channel.
8.
The London underground is also called the Tube,
because of the circular shape of its deep tunnels.
9. It
carried 40 passengers and cost a shilling for six kms.
10. There is a
frequent service of steamers and ferryboats which connect the continent to the
south-east of England.
Chapter
10
Education
in Britain
In England and Wales compulsory school begins at the
age of five, but before that age children can go to a nursery school, also
called play school. School is compulsory till the children are 16 years old.
In Primary School and First School children learn to
read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary
School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and,
in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School.
When students are 16 years old they may take an exam
in various subjects in order to have a qualification. These qualifications can
be either G.C.S.E. (General Certificate of Secondary Education) or "O
level" (Ordinary level). After that students can either leave school and
start working or continue their studies in the same school as before. If they
continue, when they are 18, they have to take further examinations which are
necessary for getting into university or college.
Some parents choose private schools for their
children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education
and good job opportunities.
In England there are 47 universities, including the
Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and
institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford
and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two kinds of degrees: the
Bachelor's degree and the Master's degree.
Questions:
1.
When does compulsory school begin?
2.
How long does a child stay in compulsory school?
3.
What subjects do children learn in Primary School?
4.
What kind of exam do students have to take when they are 16?
5.
Do students have to leave school at the age of 16 or to continue their studies?
6.
How do private schools differ from the regular ones?
7. How
many universities are there in England?
Vocabulary:
compulsory — обязательная
nursery school — детский сад
exam — экзамен
subject — предмет
university — университет
private — частный
opportunity — возможность
to award — давать, присваивать
bachelor — бакалавр
master — магистр
Translate
into English:
1. Обучение
в школе обязательно до достижения детьми возраста 16 лет.
2. После
этого дети переходят в среднюю школу.
3. После
этого учащиеся могут покинуть школу и устроиться на работу.
4. Некоторые
родители выбирают для своих детей частные школы.
5. В
Англии 47 университетов, включая Открытый университет, обучение в котором
производится по телевидению и радио.
6. Главным
образом, в университетах присваиваются два типа степеней: степени бакалавра и
магистра.
Список использованных
источников и литературы:
1. Алексеева, А. А. Знаете ли вы Великобританию? Тесты по
страноведению на английском языке/ Алексеева
А.А., Сирота О.С.– Москва, 2008 – 64 с
2. Голицынский
Ю.Б. Великобритания – Спб.: КАРО, 2006.-480 с.
3. Сатинова, В.Ф Британия и британцы / Сатинова В.Ф. – Мн, 2004 – 334
с.
4. Образовательные ресурсы интернета. Английский язык. AB Alleng.ru [электронный ресурс]. – Режим
доступа: http://www.alleng.ru/engl-top/098.htm
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