Учитель английского языка
ГБОУ СОШ №256
Лоскутова Екатерина Александровна
Зачем нужна НИР школе или what is
НИР and what’s in
НИР?
Общеизвестным
является факт, что на современном этапе развития школьного образования одной из
важнейших сторон деятельности педагога является руководство исследовательской
деятельностью учащихся. Исследовательская деятельность обучающихся помогает
сформировать в каждом ребенке творческую личность с развитием самосознания,
позволяет испытать, испробовать, выявить и актуализировать хотя бы некоторые из
своих талантов. Дело педагога – создать и поддержать творческую атмосферу.
Организация научно- исследовательской деятельности обучающихся следует
рассматривать как полезную педагогическую технологию, позволяющую развить у
обучающихся навыки самообразования, повысить мотивацию к учению. Занятие НИР
способствует самореализации, самопознанию, серьезному отношению к выбору своей
будущей профессии. Приобретенные в школе навыки научно-исследовательской работы
помогают им в дальнейшей учебе, в дальнейшей жизни. А это в свою очередь является
одной из важнейшей задачи модернизации образования и воспитания подрастающего
поколения в нашей стране.
Совсем недавно в г.
Санкт-Петербурге проходила городская научно-практическая конференция
старшеклассников ‘’Лабиринты Науки ‘’. На ней обучающиеся 8-11 классов
представляли научно-исследовательские работы, защищали НИР, готовили
презентации, собирали и систематизировали материалы в папке к конференции.
Преподаватель, руководивший научной работой, писал рецензию, помогал составить
тезисы к работе. В конце выступления необходимо было ответить на все
интересующие вопросы строгого жюри. Итогом защиты НИР является получение
дипломов победителей/ участников конференции.
В течение года в нашей школе
обучающимися проводилась научно- исследовательская работа для подготовки к
выступлению в секции ‘’ Английский язык и литература. Страноведение ‘’. Захаров
Роман Алексеевич, учащийся 11 класса, и Сергеев Иван Витальевич, учащийся 9
класса, ГБОУ СОШ №256 создали авторскую работу на английском языке по теме:‘’Emigrants and their impact on the socio-cultural life of the host country in an attempt to preserve ethnic identity and MAINTAIN A relationship with their native country.
‘’
К публикации представлен и обобщён опыт
работы в течение года с обучающимися.
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays,
economic reasons for migration
is believed to become strongly emphasized. Alongside this, since the beginning
of the 20th century, it has become clear to the world community that migration
is not only an economic problem, but also a social and cultural one. Emigration
and cultural identity is a problem that, despite its importance and timeliness,
has not yet been properly investigated [1, 2,].
In
the twenty-first century migration is becoming extremely accessible in order to
help people meet their needs in interethnic and intercultural communication
[3]. Technological progress and the development of mass media and
communications now allow to learn about events taking place all over the world,
to communicate with people from all over the globe. Ethnic identities are
witnessing the transcending of spatial, religious and cultural boundaries [4].
The
definition of cultural identity refers to social identity that reflects
individual self-perception and self-definition as a member of cultural group
with shared cultural heritage [5]. Cultural adaptation is turning into one of
the main factors of cultural genesis, but at the same time, this concept itself
is in conflict with the concept of cultural identity [6].
The
purpose of this paper is to describe a problem of migration, to find ways or
examples of successful integration into the host societies, however,
maintaining ties with the native country and preserving national and
socio-cultural differences.
The
objectives of this work are:
·
to
analyze the foreign press concerning Russian migrants;
·
to
conduct a survey among those citizens of our country who, for various reasons,
were forced to emigrate;
·
to
search for and present successful examples of the glorification and
dissemination of our great culture abroad by our citizens;
·
to
provide successful examples of the glorification and dissemination of our great
culture by our citizens abroad;
·
to
show the sincere patriotism of many Russian citizens who were forced to
emigrate.
It is considered to be very important to underline
patriotism and selfless love for the motherland of many Russian people, those
who, despite emigration, suffered and fought for the freedom of their native
country.
Background
In
the 1990s, as it is shown in a few studies, Russian-speaking people, making up
20 percent of the Jewish population of Israel, created their own thriving
subculture. Thus, Russian people were not only integrated into the highly
religious and politicized society of Israel, but also successfully managed to
preserve the legacy of our culture and ties with their native country. All
this had a positive effect on relations between our nations and allows us to
promote Russian culture and introduce it to the growing population of Israelis
[7, 8, 9].
Also,
the Turkish scientists of the Bosporus University believe that since the 20th
century ("the philosopher's ship" and Russian white emigration),
Russia and migrants have had a tremendous impact both in the formation of an
independent Turkish Republic and in its development, which is reflected in
friendly ties between our countries and across the world. Some cultural
monuments were erected both by our settlers and by the official authorities of
this country (see Appendix 1) [10, 11, 12, 13].
In
addition, a huge Russian diasporas are believed to exist in countries such as
France, China, Brazil, Australia, New Zealand, the United States, as well as in
all post-Soviet republics [14]. Investigations by both local scientists and
international studies have shown that in every country with any significant
number of ethnic Russians, Russia has a huge influence in terms of "soft
power", because the native citizens are familiar with Russian culture.
Obviously, they do not treat the Russians as enemies, have tendency to learn
Russian language, due to desire to read classic books and communicate with
Russian people.
Appendix
1 contains photographic materials of various locations created by Russian
emigrants for our compatriots and local residents. It should also be noted,
such a level of integration and mutual recognition in some countries has
already been achieved, that, in addition to the simple cohabitation of local
and expatriate diasporas, Russian language becomes the language of interethnic
communication. There are also many examples of joint higher education
institutions with Russia [16].
MATERIALS
AND METHODS
The
methodology of the study is based on the principles of sociologists and
demographers of both Moscow State University and other leading world
universities and scientists.
Mass
media content analysis.
The
concept of content analysis, used in psychology and sociology, does not yet
have an unambiguous definition. Media content analysis is the process of
studying and tracking information coming to the media; converting the obtained
quantitative material into a qualitative form by classifying messages.
The
issues and benefits of this study were initially identified, then areas were
outlined where we might encounter specific topics that could affect our study.
The
research method was chosen through integration into the press, i.e. a deep
analysis was carried out of both journals, newspapers and various scientific
articles published in the countries of interest.
Survey
methods.
Survey
methods are methods that involve the subjects answering specific questions
from the researcher. Depending on the purpose of the study, on the circle of
people involved in the question, on the time limit and technical capabilities,
the survey methods can be:
written
(questionnaire), when questions are asked on paper or in electronic form;
oral,
when questions are posed orally.
A
written survey allows you to reach more people in a relatively short time. The
most common form of this survey is a questionnaire.
The
questionnaire made for the current study consist of 4 questions, namely:
1)
What city/country do you live in?
2)
Do you know that a lot of Russian people came/lived to your country?
3)
How do you feel about this?
4)
Would you like to visit Russia and what influenced your decision?
Over
than 400 answers were collected from about 10 countries and 60 cities (both
large metropolitan areas and small cities of regional significance)
Thus,
having analysed the literature and the results of the survey above-mentioned,
the current study has been completed.
RESULTS
AND DISCUSSION
Table
1 shows the results of our survey. Only 48 responds out of total 400 were
negative, which makes 12 % only. The vast majority of respondents answered
positively to the first two questions, which may be explained by the reference
to the general information, which is widely known all over the world. So
responds on the 2 last questions were decided to consider positive.
Table 1. Survey results.
|
Total
respondents
|
400
|
|
|
|
Positive
responds
|
352
|
Negative
responds
|
48
|
|
What
citi/country do you live in?
|
Do
you know that a lot of Russian people came/lived to
your
country?
|
How do you feel
about this?
|
Would
you like to visit Russia and what influenced your decision?
|
|
400
|
Yes
/ No
370
/ 30
|
Yes
/ No
373
/ 27
|
Yes
/ No
352
/ 48
|
Thus, analysing and sampling all the data, we have to underline that a huge
number of Russian-speaking people, Russians and Russian people, even living at
a considerable distance from their homeland, continues to keep warm memories
and even dreams of the country of their origin, has tendency to show pride of
being Russian, while glorifying their home country, culture, science and the
perception of the world in general. To our great joy, their great efforts have
been crowned with success, and more and more people are interested in our
country, our history, and our sights. Due to this backbreaking work, the number
of foreign tourists visiting our cities, theatres, walking along our streets,
living among us is increasing every year. A huge number of foreign students
who recognize the superiority of our universities over foreign ones and want to
receive a Russian education remain in our vast country and successfully
integrate into our society, they work, pay taxes, and fully assimilate.
Undoubtedly, Russian emigrants, who managed to preserve their socio-cultural
identity even in a foreign country, were able to break down barriers in the
form of fears and stereotypes between different peoples, played a large, albeit
perhaps invisible role here.
Moreover,
to be more successful in this goals huge number of Russian diasporas are
collaborating with Russian embassies and consulates all over the world-the most
impressive result of their collaboration is opening of the “Russian Houses”
cultural centres where they can show Russian exhibitions, films etc.
CONCLUSIONS
Russian
emigration was of great importance for the world culture. It became kind of a
bridge between two cultural spaces and facilitated the exchange of ideas,
creativity and experience. Russian emigrants have made significant
contributions to various fields of art, literature, music and science. They
created their own centers and communities where they continued to develop and
preserve Russian culture. Today, Russian emigration continues to exist and
contributes to world culture, preserving its uniqueness and identity.
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