Theme of the
lesson: Types of computer system.
The aims:
1) Educational- to present new
lexical theme: Types
of computer system.
2)Developing- student’s
speech, memory, logic thinking, word source, students outlook, increasing
interests in learning language.
3)Bringing up-humanism, friendly
conditions in working at the lesson.
The
type of the lesson: Fixed
Methods:answer the
questions, reading, translating
The
visual aids:
cards, lecture
Procedure
of the lesson
I. Organization
moment:
Good morning? Glad to see you! How are you? What date is it today? Who is
absent today? What problem has he (she)? Are you ready for the lesson? Let’s
start!
II. Phonetic
drill.
Practice
reading.
► tion, sion ▪ preparation, election,
protection, inspection, injection,
destination, computerization, condition,
reduction, demagnetization, contamination,
introduction, contribution, attention,
stationary, acceleration, dictionary,
detection,
33 application, gravitation, deviation,
ignition, competition, mention, motion,
civilization, conventional, constructional;
▪ session, conversion, compression,
permission, confession, dimension,
suspension, depression, expansion,
transmission, extension, professional,
collision, precision, decision, confusion,
fusion, corrosion, division, explosion,
adhesion, abrasion, occasional.
► ar, er, or, ur, ir ▪ discard, cargo,
artery, compartment, depart, charter,
debark, barge, enlarge, apart,
arc, charge, hardly, parking,
starter,
article, alarm, parcel; ▪ BUT:
warm, warn, award, warrant; ▪ internal, terminal,
transfer, alert, berth, concern,
serve, service, emerge, personal,
commercial, convert, permanent, defer,
advertisement, converge, per, alternative,
certain, refer, mercury, reserve;
▪ perform, formula, reinforce, ordinary,
extraordinary, ore, accord, enormous,
retort, cordon, absorb, border,
corporation, disorder, forward, incorporate,
record, normally, transform, support;
▪ BUT: worth, word, worm, world; ▪ urgent, surface,
turbine, furnace, occur, disturb,
surname, interurban, suburban, curve,
turn, return, further, purpose,
survey, furbish, burst, spur,
absurd, burden, cursor, curb;
▪ firm, circuit, birth, circular,
swirl, confirm, first, third,
birch, shirk, smirk, affirm.
III. Check up the homework
IV. Memorize
the following words and wordcombinations:
V. Read
and translate the text “TYPES OF COMPUTERS”
The two basic types of computers are analog and digital.
Machines that combine both analog and digital capabilities are called hybrid
computers. Many business, scientific, and industrial computer applications rely
on the combination of analog and digital devices.
Basically, today’s analogue computer is a device for measuring
such physical quantities as lengths and voltages and, through a
mechanical linkage, exhibiting the measurement as a numerical value.
However, the analogue computer is limited to special classes of problems and
when most people say “computer” today, they mean the digital computer which is
a marvel of precision and accuracy¹, for it works with specific units
rather than approximations.
The modern electronic digital computer counts with incredible speed
using only two numbers — the one and zero what mathematicians call the binary
system. The counting ability of the computer is used to feed it information.
But first the information is translated into a code.
The information is then stored in a memory bank made of magnets. The direction
in which electrical signals run through the magnets means one or zero, yes or
no, off or on. Each magnet contains one piece of information called a bit. A
large computer system can store hundreds of millions of such information bits.
But information by itself is useless. The computer must be told what to do with
it — to add, subtract, multiply, or divide the
coded pulses stored in its memory. Parts of that memory contain instructions,
prepared by a human brain, that provide the computer with the
road to follow in order to solve a problem. These instructions
are called the program.
What makes the computer different from an adding machine is that the computer
can modify its instructions. If a problem cannot be solved by following one
route, the computer can search its memory for another set of instructions until
a solution is found. And it does all this at superhuman speeds. The on-off
switching of the computer’s logic circuits has been
clocked at a billionth of a second. That is to one second what
one second is to thirty years.
But the computer cannot actually think. It performs all of its
functions by route². Once an answer is achieved, another program within the
memory tells the computer how to display the solution, to type it out on paper,
display it as pictures or words on a television screen, or perhaps even to
speak the answer in words a man can hear.
Notes!
¹A marvel of precision and accuracy – чудо
четкости и точности.
²It performs all of its functions by route. – Он
выполняет все
свои функции по программе.
Types
of computer system.
- FROM
MAINFRAMES TO WEARABLE COMPUTERS.
A mainframe
is the most powerful type of a computer. It can process and store and large
amounts of data. It supports multiple users at the same time and can support
more simultaneous processes than a PC. The central system is a large server
connected to hundreds of terminals over a network. Mainframes are used for
large-scale computing purposes in banks, big companies and universities.
A desktop
PC has its own processing unit (or CPU) , monitor and keyboard. It is used
as a personal computer in the home or as a workstation for group work. Typical
examples are the IBM PC and the Apple Macintosh. It”s designed to be placed on
your desk. Some models have a vertical case called a tower.
A laptop
(also called a notebook PC) is a lightweight computer that you can transport
easily. It can work as fast as a desktop PC, with similar processors, memory
capacity, and disk drives, but it is portable and has a smaller screen. Modern
notebooks have a TFT ( Thin Film Transistor) screen that produces
very sharp images.
Instead
of a mouse, they have a touchpad built into the keyboard -a sensitive
pad that you can touch to move the pointer on the screen.
They
offer a lot of connectivity options: USB (Universal Serial Bus) ports
for connecting peripherals, slots for memory cards, ets.
They
come with battery packs, which let you use the computer when there are
no electrical outlets available.
A Tablet
PC looks like a book, with an LCD screen on which you can write using a
special digital pen. You can fold and rotate the screen 180 degrees. Your
handwriting can be recognized and converted into editable text. You can also
type at the detached keyboard or use voice recognition. It’s mobile and
versatile.
A
personal digital assistant or PDA is a tiny computer which can be held
in one hand. The term PDA refers to a wide variety of hand-held devices,
palmtops and pocket PCs.
For
input, you type at a small keyboard or use a stylus- a special pen used
with a touch screen to select items, draw pictures, etc. Some models
incorporate handwriting recognition, which enables a PDA to recognize
characters written by hand. Some PDAs recognize spoken words by using voice
recognition software.
They
can be used as mobile phones or as personal organizers for storing notes,
reminders and addresses. They also let you access the Internet via wireless
technology, without cables.
A wearable
computer runs on batteries and is worn on the user’s body, e.g. on a belt,
backpack or vest; it is designed for mobile or hand-free operation. Some
devices are equipped with a wireless modem, a small keyboard and a screen;
others are voice-activated and can access email or voice mail.
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