Presentation. 3rd grade. Seasons

• 1 слайд

  
  Seasons
  
  Four Seasons
  
  Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
  There are seasons, four in all.
  Weather changes, sun and rain
  and snow,
  Leaves fall down and flowers grow.
  Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall
  There are seasons, four in all.
  Look outside and you will see
  Just what season it will be!
  

• 2 слайд

  Changing Seasons
  Our weather changes all year long – this is called the seasons.
  The seasons cycle from fall to winter to spring to summer every year. The seasons change because of two things – how much direct sunlight a place gets during the year and how long the sun shines on that place during the day (the day length).
  This day is called the summer solstice and is considered
  the first day of summer.
  In the Southern Hemisphere, it is the exact opposite!
  They experience the winter solstice on that day –
  the shortest day of the year.
  The seasons are opposite in the Northern half of the world
  (Northern Hemisphere) than in the Southern half of the world
  (Southern Hemisphere).
  When we are swimming at the beach in the summer, the Southern half of the world (Southern Hemisphere) is sledding!
  The equator, shown as an imaginary red line around the middle of the Earth, divides the Northern Hemisphere from the Southern Hemisphere. North America is in the Northern Hemisphere.
  Each changing season in our Northern Hemisphere
  has different weather.
  

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  What is the season?
  The year of the Earth is divided into four seasons.
  There are four seasons in a year, which are summer, autumn, winter, and spring.
  The seasons cause significant changes in the weather and our environment.
  The summer is hot and the winter is cold.
  Leaves change their color to pale yellow in the autumn.
  Seasons also change the lifestyle of human
  and animals.
  For example, we cover our bodies with jackets and coats. While we used to wear thin fabric clothes in summer.
  

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  Winter
  
  Winter begins on December 21. The Northern half of the Earth (the Northern Hemisphere) is tilted away from the sun. This is our coldest season. The air can be freezing. It can snow. The wind is cold.
  The ground, roads and sidewalks can be icy. Many animals sleep (hibernate) to save energy. This helps them survive.
  It takes energy to stay warm in winter.
  Plus there are few plants to eat.
  After December 21st the sun is already beginning to climb higher in the sky. During the winter, the days are already slowly growing longer.
  Fall (Autumn)
  
  Fall starts on September 22 every year. In the fall, the air starts to get colder every day. The noon sun starts to shine lower in the sky. Days grow shorter. Plants begin to lose their bright green color. They turn red or yellow or brown. Animals move south or get ready for winter sleep. Some animals grow warmer fur or feathers. Some animals change color to blend in with coming snow. For many animals this is mating season. The leaves of deciduous trees change color and fall off. In the Arctic, the sun no longer rises at all. For the next six months the Arctic
  will be dark.
  

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  Spring
  
  Spring begins on March 20. The days are longer. The sun is higher in the sky. The Northern half of the Earth (the Northern Hemisphere) is tilted toward the sun again. As the days grow longer, it gets warmer. Plants begin to bud and grow. Their life cycles begin again. Migrating animals move north and those who spent the winter in the north begin to shed their winter coats. Birds build nests. They find mates and start laying eggs. Mammals give birth to their young. Insects hatch
  and begin to feed.
  Summer
  Summer begins on June 21. Summer is the warmest season in the Northern half of the Earth (Northern Hemisphere). Plants grow. Plants are food for plant eating animals (herbivores). Animals gain weight and are food for meat eating animals (carnivores). Mammals and birds raise their babies. Insects mate and lay eggs. Summer is when all animals eat and gain weight. For humans, summer is the time to grow fresh food that we can eat all year. In early times, people ate only the fruits and vegetables they could store for winter. Now we bring fresh fruits and vegetables from the Southern half of the Earth (Southern Hemisphere) and tropical places, so we can eat them year round.
  

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  How Does This Work?
  The length of day changes all year. That is because the Earth is tipped (23.5°) on its axis.
  If the Earth stood straight up and down, we would have 12 hours of day and 12 hours of night all year round, everywhere on Earth.
  So from March 20th to September 22nd the sun never stops shining in the Arctic. Yet even though it gets sunlight for six months of the year, it is still not as hot as places nearer the equator. This is because the sun does not shine on the Arctic directly overhead, but at an angle.
  You would think that the hottest day in the Northern half of the Earth (Northern Hemisphere) would on June 21st, but it really takes several weeks to warm the Earth. So it is usually July before we feel the warmest days. It also gets hotter all day as the sun “rises” in the sky. As with the seasons, even though the most direct sunlight is at noon, the day gets warmer and warmer until early in the afternoon.
  The hottest place on record in North America is Death Valley, California, where it often reaches over 100° and once reached 134° F on July 10, 1913. The coldest place on record in North America is Prospect Creek, Alaska where it reached -80° F on January 23, 1971.
  

• 7 слайд

  
  
  The Reasons for the Seasons
  The change of seasons is one of those phenomena that people take for granted. They know it happens in most places, but don't always stop to think about why we have seasons. The answer lies in the realm of astronomy and planetary science.
  The biggest reason for the seasons is that Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane. Think of the orbital plane of the solar system as a flat plate. Most of the planets orbit around the Sun on the "surface" of the plate. Rather than having their north and south poles point directly perpendicular to the plate, most planets have their poles at a slant. This is particularly true of Earth, whose poles are tilted 23.5 degrees. Earth may have a tilt because of a large impact on our planet's history that likely caused the creation of our Moon.
  During that event, infant Earth was smacked pretty heavily by a Mars-sized impactor. That caused it to tip over on its side for a while until the system settled down.  When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, people in that part of the world experience summer. At the same time, the southern hemisphere gets less light, so winter occurs there. The solstices and equinoxes are used mostly in calendars to mark the beginning and end of seasons but are not themselves related to the causes of the seasons.
  
  
  

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  Seasonal Changes
  Our year is divided up into four seasons: summer, fall, winter, spring. Unless someone lives at the equator, each season delivers different weather patterns. Generally, it's warmer in spring and summer, and cooler in autumn and winter. Ask most people why it is cold in the winter and warm in the summer and they'll likely say that Earth must be closer to the Sun in the summer and farther away in the winter. This seems to make common sense. After all, as someone gets close to a fire, they feel more heat. So why wouldn't closeness to the Sun cause the warm summer season?
  While this is an interesting observation, it actually leads to the wrong conclusion. Here's why: Earth is farthest from the Sun in July each year and closest in December, so the "closeness" reason is wrong. Also, when it is summer in the northern hemisphere, winter is happening in the southern hemisphere, and vice versa. If the reason for the seasons was solely due to our proximity to the Sun, then it should be warm in both the northern and southern hemispheres at the same time of year. That doesn't happen. It's really the tilt that is the main reason we have seasons.
  

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  How are Seasons Shifting?
  Shifting seasons are directly linked to warmer global temperatures. A slight change in temperature is enough to push the spring thaw earlier, and delay the first frost until later in the fall.
  These environmental changes cause many trees and spring wildflowers to bloom earlier than typical. As a result, winters are shorter, spring is earlier, summers are longer and fall arrives later.
  Scientists have high confidence that the earlier arrival of spring events is linked to recent warming trends in global climate.
  Disruptions in the timing of these events can have a variety of impacts on ecosystems and human society. For example, an earlier spring might lead to longer growing seasons, more abundant invasive species and pests, and earlier and longer allergy seasons. Unusually warm weather in late winter can create a “false spring” that triggers the new growth of plants to begin too early, leaving them vulnerable to any subsequent frosts – trends that have been increasingly observed throughout the United States.
  

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  Origin of names of months of the year
  Many people will be interested to know where the names of the seasons come from, why they are called "winter", "spring", "summer" and "autumn". Moreover, why is each season divided into three months?
  Why do all twelve months have such interesting names?
  The names of the twelve months also
  have their own interesting history.
  Winter for us begins with December, which in ancient Rome was known as the" tenth", and the Slavs – as "snowfall".
  This name of the month is due to the fact that it is very cold, snowy and frosty at this time.
  Residents of the villages practically did not leave their homes, basking on warm and hot stoves.
  

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  History of the names of seasons
  
  
  
  
  Spring. According to the proto-Russian calendar, spring was located at one end of the "axis". Hence-spring, as "suspension of the axis". Hence the related roots with the words " suspension, hang, spring“. Another version shares the word "spring" and "sleep", or rather "spring" — that is, the time when nature rises from sleep.
  
  Summer. Summer has related roots with the words "fiercely" and "summer, fly". That is, the time when birds fly and it is fiercely hot. The sun also flies (i.e. it is high in the sky). 2. From the oldest form
  of the verb leiti — "pour". That is, summer is the time when it rains-as opposed to winter, when it snows.
  
  Autumn. According to the proto — Russian calendar, autumn is the pivot of the axis, since this time of year is one of the days of the equinox. Autumn from the word "Uson" — the time when nature goes to sleep, falls asleep.
  
  Winter. From the word "gape". The fact is that the proto-Russian calendar was depicted as a circle with a horizontal axis. The edges of the axis are autumn and spring. Winter was located below, as it was assumed that this is the time when the sun God RA is swallowed up by the abyss. In this abyss, the sun disappeared and the dark time came-cold, uncomfortable. That is why the word "winter" has related roots with the words "press, squeeze, push, pit".
  
  
  
  
  

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  A lot of languages, including English, use month names based on Latin.
  Their meaning is listed below.
  However, some languages (Czech and Polish, for example) use quite different names.
  The names of the twelve months also have their own interesting history.
  Winter for us begins with December, which in ancient Rome was known
  as the" tenth", and the Slavs – as "snowfall".
  This name of the month is due to the fact that it is very cold, snowy and frosty at this time. Residents of the villages practically did not leave their homes, basking on warm
  and hot stoves.
  To appease the two-faced God Janus, the second winter month was named in his honor – January or "sechen".
  At that time, it was believed that God connects the past and the future, stands guard over the entrances and exits of premises, and most importantly, guards the entrance to the afterlife. Most of all, sailors in Italy believed in him, who considered him their patron.
  
  What is the origin of the names of the months?
  

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  It is believed that the name of the month of February is closely related to
  Februus, the God of the underworld.
  In February, many atoned for their sins and cleansed their body and soul. This is the month of raging snowstorms, blizzards and frosts, it was also called "fierce".
  With the onset of the first spring days, people began to prepare for military campaigns,
  so the first month was named after
  the God of war – Mars.
  Today we know it as March. The ancient Slavs called it "berezen", the ground began to dry out from the snow.
  
  

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  With the opening of the first buds on the trees, the heating of the earth by the sun's rays, April came, which translates as "opening".
  For many, it was the month of "kveten".
  In the old Slavic calendar, May is known as“ Traven".
  So it was named in honor of the spring ruler
  Maya-the goddess of spring.
  June comes from Juno,
  who was the goddess and patroness of all women.
  Our ancestors referred to it as "Cherven", because it was at this time that the cherry blossoms were red,
  and various pests, gathered in the gardens.
  June-on behalf of the great Julius Caesar.
  But the Slavs know it as "Lipen".
  At this time, the lime tree is in full bloom.
  From the name of the Emperor, Augustus resembles the name of the last summer month-August or "serpen" –
  as the harvest takes place.
  

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  The autumn months have names that correspond to the Latin ordinal numbers: seven, eight, nine. September is like "Heather", because at this time the Heather begins to bloom. In October, the leaves begin to turn yellow and fall, so it was called "yellow". November was characterized by the first frosts and icing of roads, and the last leaves fell – "leaf fall".
  

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  Interesting Climate
  Change Facts
  Recognizing the climate change facts is useful since it can give you the insight related to the environmental changes in the earth. People now live in the crucial era where the temperature, weather or even climate in this earth is unpredictable. The melting ice, flood, and also fire on the forest are some examples of climate change’s impacts.
  
  1.Extreme weather
  The first point of climate change facts tells us about the extreme weather. There are many impacts that you can see occur on the earth due to this condition. Some of them include the flood, heavy rain, hurricane Katrina and many more.
  
  

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  2.Malnutrition
  
  The climate change also affects the production of food in particular countries in the world. Thus, Malnutrition is unavoidable. People cannot get eat good food since the crop in the field fails to give the best result.
  3.Extreme cold
  
  The climate changes also affect the health of the people. If the temperature in your region is too low, it can cause people to experience hypothermia or extreme cold. On the other hand, if your area is too hot, people will experience hyperthermia. This condition can lead to death.
  

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  4.Rainfall pattern
  
  In the past we can predict the dry season and also the rainy season.
  In this day, such condition is hard to predict. The rainfall pattern is more variable. It can lead to flood and drought. If the rain does not come for months people will have lack of fresh water.
  5. Greenhouse gases
  
  The cause of the climate changes lies on the high amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This condition occurs because human beings cannot preserve the earth well. The pollution of the factory, gas emission from the car, and the usage of electronic items affect the greenhouse effect.
  

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  6. Sea level
  
  The seventh point of climate change facts tells us about the sea level.
  The bad impact of this condition lies on the rise of sea level. This condition can lead into flood and also population displacement.
  7. Water scarcity
  
  The climate change affects the supply of water. When the drought comes, people cannot get the healthy water. This condition forces them to use the contaminated water. That’s why many people can catch disease and illness.
  

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  8. Reducing the global warming
  
  There are many ways that the people can do to reduce the effect of global warming to this planet. People should be aware and begin to think about using the green means of transportation like walking or even biking.