Презентация для студентов медицинских специальностей "Медицинское образование в Великобритании и США".

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  Medical Education in Great Britain and in the USA
  

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  Vocabulary
  medical institution – медицинское учреждение
  protect the health – охранять здоровье
  medical assistance – медицинская помощь
  consulting room – кабинет врача
  X-ray – рентген
  out-patient – амбулаторный больной
  district therapeutist – участковый терапевт
  staff – персонал
  get a sick-leave – получать больничный лист
  undergo a preventive examination – проходить профилактический осмотр
  medical equipment – медицинское оборудование
  

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  Match the words
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  In Great Britain physicians are trained in medical schools or faculties of Universities. They have medical schools in the Universities of London, Oxford, Birmingham, Bristol and Edinburgh.
  Entry to a medical school is highly competitive and usually the number of candidates is much higher than the number of the places.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  To enter a medical school in Great Britain candidates must pass entrance examinations. Entrance examinations are both oral and written. Students take these examinations at the end of their 6-year secondary- school course, generally at the age of 18-19 years.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  For entrance to faculty of medicine or a medical school, it is required that the subjects of chemistry, physics and biology or mathematics should be taken at advanced level. Tuition fees are charged. Most students receive financial assistance in the form of grants, which cover their expenses wholly or in part.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  The academic year is divided into 3 terms, each of 10-11 weeks’ duration. The terms run from October to December, from January to March and from April to June. Clinical students, however, attend for 48 weeks of the year.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  Undergraduate education occupies five years, consisting essentially of two years of basic sciences and three years of clinical work. Two pre-clinical years are occupied by human anatomy and biology, physiology and biochemistry. They also study statistics and genetics. Students attend lectures; do dissections and practical work in labs.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  Latin is not taught in all medical schools. English and Latin spellings are similar and it is possible to write out prescriptions in English too.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  Beginning with the third year the students study the methods of clinical examinations and history taking, general pathology, microbiology, pharmacology and community medicine. Medical students have practical training in teaching hospitals. These hospitals consist of in-patient and out­patient departments.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  Senior students and especially undergraduates spend most of the time in teaching hospitals. Daily bedside instruction in hospital wards and out-patient departments is given by teachers and doctors. Students follow up their patients and attend ward rounds. Besides the work in the wards the students attend demonstrations and clinical conferences as well as lectures in clinical subjects which are being studied.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  Examinations in medical schools are held at the end of each term. It is three times a year. At the end of each term and after each special course students take final exams. Most of the exams are written.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  The final examinations or finals are in Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology. Finals also include history taking and diagnosing. Before finals in Surgery, students assist in operations. Before finals in Obstetrics and Gynecology they must assist during the delivery of at least 20 babies.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  Written test includes short and long questions and questions of multiple choices. Oral tests include diagnosing a case.
  QUESTION 8
  The following hormones are important to
  the normal function of the gut:
  A Gastrin
  B Secretin
  C Hydrogen potassium ATPase
  D Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
  E Vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP)
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  So three years are spent in clinical studies to obtain degrees of Bachelor of Medicine (B.M.) and Bachelor of Surgery (B.S.).The degrees of B.M. and B.S. give the right to register as a medical practitioner. After the finals graduates work in hospitals for a year. This period is called internship.
  

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  MEDICAL EDUCATION IN GREAT BRITAIN
  
  The work of interns is very difficult but their salary is very small. Interns work at least 6 hours a week. After internship a young doctor obtains a "Certificate of Experience" from the medical school and he or she may work as medical practitioner.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  After finishing secondary studies the candidate for medical school must complete at least three years of higher education in a college or university. This period of college or university studies is called "the premedical phase". A student applies for admission to a medical school when he has completed premedical studies. The application costs approximately $ 50.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  In most medical schools candidates are required to pass the admission test. The test lasts about eight hours over a one day period and includes questions in biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics and English. Then special admission committees have personal interviews with the candidate in order to assess the candidate's general qualities, his character and his ability to study medicine. The competition is very difficult and only about half of the students who apply to a medical school are accepted and begin their medical education.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  The first - year students study anatomy, biophysics, bio­chemistry, physiology, bacteriology, histology and other subjects. In the second year they study microbiology, pathology, physical diagnosis, and pharmacology and laboratory diagnosis.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  At the end of four years all students receive the Degree of Doctor of Medicine that is M.D. Then they must work for one year as interns. This course of work at the hospital or clinic is called internship.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  After the internship young doctors must have a period of residency at the clinic. This period varies, depending on the specialty of the doctor, and is three or four years. For instance, residency in surgery and neurosurgery in the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine lasts for four years. Residency in internal medicine, preventive medicine and radiology lasts for three years. After the residency the graduate is granted a license to practice and he may work either in government service or private practice.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  Medical schools are gradually increasing their tuition fee in all the universities of the USA. Only a small part of students receive scholarships. The majority of the students have to work to pay for their studies.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  Further specialization requires training in residency. It takes 1 or 2 years of work in a hospital in some field. Residency trains highly qualified specialists in a definite field: gynecologists, urologists, neurologists and others. The salary of residents is higher than the salary of interns. After residency a specialist gets rather a high salary.
  

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  Medical Education in the USA
  This degree is a postgraduate qualification obtained by writing a thesis based on original work. It is not required for practice. Such a degree in surgery is termed a mastership (M.S.).
  

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  The academic year in Great Britain
  1st term (from October to December)
  exams
  2nd term (from January to March )
  exams
  3rd term (from April to June)
  exams
  

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