Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Inventions"

• 1 слайд

  Secondory comperehensive school № 10 «Peresvet»
  Research project
  Britain's most famous inventions
  Made by pupil of form 6A
  Semenov Sasha
  Teacher:Belkina A. V.
  Berdsk-2019
  

• 2 слайд

  why I took this topic
  I chose this topic because I love the technique and tried to do something technical, but unfortunately nothing happened :(
  

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  Target-to study the history of British inventions
  Tasks
  to study the history of British inventions
  learn about the future evolution of these items
  
  

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  locomotive
  

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  Steam Locomotive is an autonomous steam-powered locomotive using steam engines as an engine. The steam locomotives were the first vehicles moving on rails, the very concept of a locomotive appeared much later and precisely thanks to locomotives. The steam locomotive is one of the unique technical means created by man, and the role of a steam locomotive in history cannot be overestimated. So, thanks to him, rail transport appeared, and it was the locomotives that carried out the bulk of the traffic in the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries, playing an enormous role in raising the economy of a number of countries. The steam locomotives were constantly improving and developing, which led to a large variety of their structures, including those other than the classical ones. So, there are locomotives without tender, without a boiler and a firebox, with a turbine as an engine, with a gear transmission. However, from the middle of the 20th century, the locomotive was forced to yield to more advanced locomotives - diesel locomotives and electric locomotives, which are significantly superior to the locomotive in terms of economy. Nevertheless, the locomotives still continue to work, leading the trains, and in some countries they still continue to operate on the highways.
  

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  The first steam locomotive, moving along the rails, was created in 1804 by Richard Trevithick (English Richard Trevithick), the first railway, opened in 1825 between Stockton and Darlington, served by Stevens (English Stephenson).
  This steam locomotive became the prototype for all further development of steam locomotives. In Russia, the first steam locomotive was developed by the father and son Cherepanovs in 1834 (see Cherepanovs' locomotives)
  

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  telephone
  

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  Prior to the invention of telegraphs (optical and electrical) and telephone, for transferring messages over long distances, the most primitive methods were used, such as whistling, gong, smoke signals or drumming. For example, a rifle shot is heard at a distance of about ten kilometers, the audibility is strongly influenced by the presence of nearby loud noises; the signal may be distorted by outside shots. All these devices were imperfect due to the dispersion of sound at a distance: in order to transmit the signal as far as possible, it was necessary to create intermediate points at which other signal supporters, hearing the signal of the previous transmitter, transmitted the sound further. Partially this problem would be solved by the transmission of signals through water or metal, in which sound propagates with greater speed and fades somewhat later [4]. The invention of the device, which would use the properties of electricity for transmitting and receiving sound, the phone that is now used, was preceded by the appearance of the electric telegraph and its successful use during the first half of the XIX century.
  

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  In 1860, the natural scientist Antonio Meucci published an article in the Italian newspaper of New York, in which he spoke about his invention, capable of transmitting sounds over electrical wires. His device Meucci called Teletrofono. In 1871, he decided to patent Teletrofono, but due to financial problems he could not do it.
  
  In 1861, German physicist and inventor Johann Philip Reis demonstrated another device that could also transmit musical tones and human speech over wires. The device had a microphone of the original design, a power source (galvanic battery, or - "local battery" MB) and a speaker. Reis himself called the device he designed Telephone.
  

• 10 слайд

  antibiotics
  Antibiotics (from the ancient Greek ἀντί "against" + βίος "life") are substances that inhibit the growth of living cells, most often prokaryotic or protozoa.
  
  Taught at universities in the United States, introduced by Waxman and developed by Benedict and Langlake, additionally includes the requirement to suppress the life processes of microorganisms in low concentrations.
  
  In modern science and in documents (WHO and other organizations) the name "antibiotics" is not used, instead it uses the more correct name of this group of drugs - "antimicrobial agents" [1].
  
  Natural antibiotics are most often produced by actinomycetes, less commonly by non-mycelial bacteria. Can also be obtained from higher plants (phytoncides) and living organisms.
  
  

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  Some antibiotics - bactericides (bacteria + lat. Caedo "kill") - have a strong inhibitory effect on the growth and reproduction of bacteria and at the same time do little or no damage to the cells of the microorganism, and therefore are used as medicines.
  
  Some antibiotics are used as cytostatic (anticancer) drugs in the treatment of cancer.
  
  Antibiotics do not usually affect viruses and are therefore not useful in the treatment of diseases caused by viruses (for example, influenza, hepatitis A, B, C, chicken pox, herpes, rubella, measles). However, a number of antibiotics, primarily tetracyclines, also act on large viruses [
  Fully synthetic drugs that do not have natural analogues and have a suppressive effect on the growth of bacteria similar to antibiotics, were traditionally called antibiotics, but antibacterial chemotherapy. In particular, when only sulfonamides were known from antibacterial chemotherapy drugs, it was customary to talk about the whole class of antibacterial drugs as “antibiotics and sulfonamides”. However, in recent decades, in connection with the invention of many very strong antibacterial chemotherapy drugs, in particular, fluoroquinolones, approaching or exceeding “traditional” antibiotics in activity, the concept of “antibiotic” began to blur and expand, and now it is often used not only in relation to natural and semi-synthetic compounds, but also to many strong antibacterial drugs.
  
  

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  computer
  

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  Computer (English computer, MFA: [kəmˈpjuː.tə (ɹ)] [1] - “calculator”) - a device or system capable of performing a given, clearly defined, changeable sequence of operations. These are often the operations of numerical calculations and data manipulation, but this also includes input-output operations. The description of the sequence of operations is called the program [2].
  Computer system - any device or group of interconnected or related devices, one or more of which, acting in accordance with the program, performs automated data processing.
  

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  The word computer is derived from the English words to compute, computer, which translates as “calculate”, “calculator” (the English word, in turn, comes from the Latin computāre - “calculate”). Originally in English, this word meant a person doing arithmetic calculations with or without the involvement of mechanical devices. In the future, its value was transferred to the machines themselves, but modern computers perform many tasks that are not directly related to mathematics.
  The first interpretation of the word computer appeared in 1897 in the Oxford English Dictionary. Its compilers then understood the computer as a mechanical computing device. In 1946, the dictionary was supplemented with additions to separate the concepts of digital, analog and electronic computers.
  

• 15 слайд

  my thoughts-мои мысли
  The future evolution of these inventions lasted for many centuries, and they are currently working almost without fail, but it seems to me that they still need to be refined so that people can use the possibilities of these inventions even more widely