Презентация по английскому языку "Repetition"

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  REPETITION
  ENUMERATION
  

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  REPETITION
  Repetition is a major rhetorical strategy for producing emphasis, clarity, amplification, or emotional effect. Repetition is often found in oral colloquial speech when the speaker is overcome with strong emotions. As a stylistic device the writer can use it to draw the reader’s attention to something important.
   
  
  

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  Repetition can be of different types:
  
   
  • Anaphora – repetition of the initial parts of successive units.
   
  • Epiphora– repetition of final parts of successive units
   
  • Anadiplosis (catch-repetition) – repetition of the final part of the first sentence at the beginning of the second sentence.
   
  
  

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  • Chain repetition– development of catch repetition. Each subsequently repeated word is higher and stronger in the degree of quality and emotional colouring.
  • Framing(ring-repetition) – repetition of the initial part of the sentence at the end. 
  • Extended repetition– repetition of a word with words modifying it.
  
  

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  ENUMERATION
   
  Enumeration is naming separate things, objects, ideas, phenomena, and actions one by one in chain.
  The members of enumeration usually belong to the same part of speech, but different semantic classes.
  The principle production of these towns appears to be soldiers, sailors, chalk, shrimps, officers and dockyard men.
  

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  Parallel Construction
  Parallel constructions are often backed up by repetition of words (lexical repetition) and conjunctions and prepositions (polysyndeton). Pure parallel construction, however, does not depend on any other kind of repetition but the repetition of the syntactical design of the sentence. Parallel constructions may be partial or complete. Partial parallel arrangement is the repetition of some parts of successive sentences or clauses, as in:
  

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  "It is the mob that labour in your fields and serve in your houses—that man your navy and recruit your army,—that have enabled you to defy all the world, and can also defy you when neglect and calamity have driven them to despair." (Byron)
  

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  Parallel construction is most frequently used in enumeration, antithesis and in climax, thus consolidating the general effect achieved by these stylistic devices.
  
  Parallel construction is used in different styles of writing with slightly different functions. When used in the matter-of-fact styles, it carries, in the main, the idea of semantic equality of the parts, as in scientific prose, where the logical principle of arranging ideas predominates. In the belles-lettres style parallel construction carries an emotive function. That is why it is mainly used as a technical means in building up other stylistic devices, thus securing their unity
  
  In the following example parallelism backs up repetition, alliteration and antithesis, making the whole sentence almost epigrammatic. "And so, from hour to hour, we ripe and ripe, And then, from hour to hour, we rot and rot." (Shakespeare)
  

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  Chiasmus
  Chiasmus or Reversed Parallel Construction belongs to the group of stylistic devices based on the repetition of a syntactical pattern; but it has a cross order of words and phrases. The structure of two successive sentences or of a sentence' may be described as reversed parallel construction, the word order of one of the sentences being inverted as compared to that of the other as in:
  
  

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  "As high as we have mounted in delight
  In our dejection do we sink as low." (Wordsworth)
  ‘Down dropped, the breeze, The sails dropped down." (Coleridge)
  Chiasmus is sometimes achieved by a sudden change from active voice to passive or vice versa, for example:
  'The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the taker and the chief mourner, Scrooge signed it. (Dickens)
  
  

Краткое описание документа:

В презентации используется разбор стилистического приема - повторение, виды и примеры.

Повторы, несущие функцию усиления, обычно в композиционном отношении очень просты: повторяющиеся слова стоят рядом друг с другом.

В ряде случаев повтор служит для выражения многократности или длительности действия.

Также прием - перечисление и параллельные конструкции с примерами.

«Перечисление – это стилистический прием, посредством которого отдельные предметы, вещи, явления и действия называются одно за другим так, что образуют цепь, звенья которой обладают равным синтаксическим статусом в предложении (поскольку чаще всего являются однородными частями речи) и неким семантическим единством, хотя и незаметным на первый взгляд»

Параллелизм - стилистический прием, основанный на тождественном по­строении двух (или более) предложений или их частей.