Презентация по английскому языку

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  The nature reserves in the world. The protected areas of their native land.
  The Fortress Naryn-Kala
  Aliev Marat
  

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  Derbent is the most ancient city in the Russian Federation. It lies in Dagestan, on the Caspian sea. It is not known the exact date of the founding of the city, but historians suggest that his age - not less than 5 thousand years. The main attraction of the village is the Derbent fortress.
  Derbent fortress: history and attractions
  

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  Fortress in the vicinity of Derbent was built to protect the peoples who inhabited Western Asia and the Caucasus, from the destructive invasions of the Northern nomads. It is a massive defensive complex composed of urban, sea, mountain walls and the Naryn-Kala (the citadel). The ancient buildings were built during the reign of Sassanid dynasty. By its power they are not inferior to the great wall of China. The city had not the most advantageous strategic position and was vulnerable from the Caucasus mountains and the sea, so the local population has paid special attention to its strengthening. The massive wall that surrounded the settlement on all sides, have become a reliable protection from invaders.
  The strategic purpose of the complex
  

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  Historians have not been able to find out who built the Derbent fortress. For this reason there are many legends. One legend says that the founders of the city and the fortress was a fire-breathing giants that inhabited these lands before the advent of humanity. There is another version of the appearance of the Derbent fortress and around it. According to her, the founder of the ancient city was Alexander the great. The great commander ordered to construct between the mountains and the sea an impenetrable wall, crowned with her towers and install iron gates to outsiders was not able to get here. Many historians this version of the origin of the complex of fortifications is considered a legend as Alexander the great was never on the described lands. But the fact of the existence of different versions of the appearance of a defensive complex is evidence of its importance in the lives of southerners.
  The theory of the origin of sights
  

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  Looking at the pictures of the Derbent fortress, you can see that the center of defensive structures was a huge citadel of Naryn-Kala. Them all parts of the complex, its stone walls is the best preserved, giving tourists the opportunity to admire this wonder of ancient architecture in all its glory. Naryn-Kala extends across the city at 700 m. the Thickness of its walls in some places reaches 3.5 m, and the height is 20 m. the Citadel stands on top of a 300-metre steep hill. Steep slopes protect it from the invasion of enemies from the East and North. The southern part of the fortress structures equipped with stairs, and its wide walls are platforms that are used today by tourists to visit the panorama of the city and the Caspian sea.
  Naryn-Kala
  Derbent fortress Naryn-Kala is a building of irregular shape with an area of 4.5 ha. its Walls are adorned with numerous tower-like projections, located at a distance of 25-35 m from one another. In the South-West corner stands a large tower connecting the citadel with the city wall
  

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  Inside the citadel you can see the ancient Khan's Bani with Windows in roofs and buildings that have survived to our time (they are in ruins). One of these buildings was a cross-domed Church of the V century, later converted to Muslim religious institutions. Also on the territory of the citadel was located, the oldest in Russia, the Juma mosque, founded in the eighth century In ancient times this was the Khan's Palace, but today, in its place were only ruins, which is difficult to judge the beauty of this structure. Particularly noteworthy are two stone water tank, located inside the citadel. They were built in the XI century by Byzantine masters. The containers were placed large water reserves, allowing the stronghold to withstand lengthy deposition of the city by the invaders. The fluid passed to the reservoirs from springs in special ceramic and metal pipes. Due to this the population of the city was provided with water even in the most difficult times and did not surrender to the enemy. But it was not always an impregnable fortress of Derbent.
  Domestic buildings
  The story contains information that when the enemies managed to capture the city, poisoned the springs and leaving the defenders without water. The citadel served as both defensive and administrative centre of the city. It housed the office of the, judgment, and an underground prison (prison), out of which the prisoner was impossible. Its walls located at an angle, and criminal, once in prison, was forced to die of hunger. The prison is located behind the ruins of the Khan's Palace. Lovers of antiquity will enjoy visiting a Museum opened on the territory of the citadel. In this display household items, pottery, stone tools, jewellery, weapons, coins, etc. the Age of some of the rarities dates back several millennia. On the Central square stands the guardhouse, built in 1828 (after Dagestan became part of Russia). In this building today contains paintings depicting Derbent. Outside the guardhouse is decorated with anchors and cannons of Imperial times.
  
  

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  Derbent fortress photos where we want to go from Dagestan to bring all tourists, attracted not only by the citadel and its walls. Their length in the city is 3.6 km. North and South walls were built parallel to each other. The distance between them varies from 300 to 400 meters. Dag-Bary (mountain wall) stretches for 40 km in the direction of the Caucasus mountain range. Unfortunately, it has not survived in its original form: in many places the structure was destroyed. Sea wall closed the entrance to the city from the Caspian sea. She plunged into the water and stretched for almost a kilometer. As Doug bars, the sea wall has been preserved in fragments.
  Other parts of the defensive structures
  

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  In the walls of the fortress defense system was some small, but very strong gate, through which in ancient times was accessible in Derbent. They not only defended the city but was also its decoration. The gates were opened for guests, allies and merchants. The entrances were located in different parts of the fortress. They still preserved the rich decor, which can be seen how beautiful they were in ancient times. Door, looking to the North, where in Derbent could come with hostile nomads, looked massive and intimidating. In contrast, the southern entrance to the city was elegant and solemn. Today it is difficult to establish the exact number of gates, as not all of them survived.
  Gate
  

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  Derbent fortress at all times impressed travelers with its size and power. Foreigners gave it different names, but almost all of them included the word "gate". This is not surprising, because the walls of the fortress there was a large number of strong doors that penetrate the enemy in the Derbent was impossible. The ancient Greeks called fortification of the Caspian gates, and the Arabs Bab-al-Abva (Main), Georgians — Zgvis brown (Sea) and the Turkish residents Kapisi Temir (Iron).
  Names of sights in different languages
  

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  Thank you for attention!