"The Printed Word" (Печатное слово)

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  The Printed Word
  7 grade
  Unit 6
  By KhardykainenI.A.
  

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  The Printed Word.
  Many people spend their time reading books, magazines or newspapers. Speaking about books I want to say that they have changed greatly.
  The earliest books were written on tablets of wood or pieces of bark, In Greece and Rome they were covered with wax and the words were written with small stick called stylus. The tablets were connected with each other with thin strips of leather or metal rings.
  At that time people used clay tablets, papyrus or skins of young animals. Some of such books were long-lasting and survived until the present day.
  In ancient Rome only rich people could buy books or they made their slaves copy them. By the time of the Middle Ages all books were handwritten and often beautifully decorated. Very few people could read them. But the invention of printing let people read more. The first in papermaking were the Chinese, The early
  printers in Europe were Johann Gutenberg from Germany, William Caxton from England, and Ivan Fyodorov from Russia. Printed books reached a very high standard that led to opening more libraries.
  Early libraries were used only by scientists. But by and by they began to be used by the public. The 19-th century saw the appearance of a proper system of public libraries. Now most countries have their own national libraries. Many old university libraries have rich collections of books:
  Oxford and Cambridge in England; Harvard and Yale in the United States.
  Among the greatest libraries of the world we can name:
  The British Museum Library in London; The Library of Congress in the United States;
  The Beijing Library in China; The State Public Library in Moscow.
  So, modern libraries do their best to help people to get information as quickly as possible, using computers and electronic catalogues.
  

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  How do people spend their time?
  

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  Have the books changed greately?
  

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  Where were the earliest books written on?
  

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  What were the tablets covered with in Greece and Rome?
  What was writing impressed upon them with ?
  

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  How were tablets connected with each other?
  

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  What did people use to write on in ancient times? Were such books long-lasting?
  

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  Who could have books
  in ancient Rome?
  Who copied them?
  

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  What did books look like in the Middle Ages
  Cookbook of Richard II
  

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  Could common people read early books?
  Parchment
  

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  Who were the first in papermaking in the first century?
  

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  Who used Early
  Libraries?
  

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  Who were the first printers in Europe?
  

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  What led to opening more libraries?
  A high standard
  

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  What happened in the 19th century?
  OXFORD
  Prague castle library
  

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  What old University Libraries have rich collections of books?
  The Oxford’s
  Library
  The Cambridge’s
  Library
  The Harvard`s Library
  The Yale`s Library
  

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  What Great Libraries of the world can you name?
  The British Museum Library
  The Library of Congress
  The Beijing Library in China
  Biblioteque Nationale
  The State Public Library
  

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  How can modern libraries help people find information?
  

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  Thank you!