«Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности» по специальности 09.02.02 – «Сетевое и системное администрирование» «Network Administration»

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ОГСЭ.03   «Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности»

по специальности

09.02.02 – «Сетевое и системное администрирование»       

  «Network Administration»

2021

Alphabet

Aa эй  Bb би  Cc  си Dd ди  Ee и  Ff  эф Gg джи  Hh эйч  Ii ай  Jj джей Kk кэй  Ll эл Mm эм 

Nn эн  Oo оу Pp пи Qq кью  Rr а  Ss эс Tt ти  Uu ю  Vv ви Ww дабл ю Xx экс Yyуай Zz зэд

TRANSCRIPTION      Транскрипция

                                       Vowels  Гласные                                                 Diphthongs Дифтонги

 [ I ] – in            [ e ] – pen         [ a: ] – car                         [ ei ] – plate                [ IƏ ] - ear

 [Ɔ ] [ɒ] – dog   [L] – bus           [ I : ] – tree                         [ ai ] – nine                 [eƏ ] [ƐƏ] - hair 

 [u] [ʊ] – book [æ ] – bag         [ Ɔ:] – fork                         [ oi ] – boy                  [ uƏ] - poor

 [ u:] – blue      [ Ə:] [ɜ:] – girl  [ Ə ] - sister                        [au ] – house              [ ou ] [əʊ] - rose

                                                                      Consonants Согласные

[ p ] – pen            [θ] – three          [ ʒ ] – pleasure         [ n ] – no        [ k ] – cat             [ ∫ ] – shelf

[ b ] – bed           [ ð ] – this           [dʒ] – page               [ ŋ] – long      [ r ] – red             [ v ] - five

[ t ] – ten             [ s ] – stone         [ l ] – lamp               [t∫] – chair       [ g ] – go             [ h ] – hat

[ d ] – desk         [ z ] – rose           [ m ] – man              [ f ] – face        [ j ] – yes            [ w ] – wall

Ex. 1 Прочитайте звуки и слова

[ɜ:]: work, worker, world, word              [aɪ]: line, pine, mile, type, pike, file

[ʌ]: bun, up, come, must, ˈLondon, tub, nut, cut, bud, mud, under

[æ]: can, plan, hand, map, brand, bad, pan, an, lad, hat      [ɔ:]: Shaw, shawl, awl, fauna, gauze

[e]: ˈvery, ˈmany, when, ˈany, Thames, met, men, hen, tent, tell, bend, ben, pen, fed, bed, bet, let, led, wed, wet, west, well       [u:]: noon, moon, loom, tool, fool  [aʊ]: now, brow, out, about,

[eə]: air, fair, pair, bear, Mary      [ɒ]: dock, dog, clock, want,docker, on, pot, log, nod

[i:]: be, bee, me, fee, deem, eve, peeve, mete, feed,he, we, weed, sweep, sweet, read, leave, eat, seat, Pete                                          

 [eɪ]: bade, pane, lane, lake, hate       [ɪ]: bin, pin, tin, kin, bit, kit, fit, wit, will, wind, swift

[əʊ]: pole, note, mode, zone, home, low, crow, Moscow, slow, sow , row, coat, boat, loan, road, broach

[ʊ]: book, took, look, good, foot, full, pull, bull, put, bully

ar [ɑ:] - car, bar, farm, barn, bard, card                    or [ɔ:] - port, sport, born, form, corn, orbit

er, ir, ur [ɜ:] - her, term, herd, fir, firm, circle, fur, burn, thirst

er, or, ar [ə] - ˈmaker, ˈkeeper, ˈletter, ˈbetter, ˈdoctor, ˈactor, professor, ˈbeggar, ˈpopular

 [ju:]: dew, new, ˈewer [ˈju:ə], ˈmildew , tube, cube, huge, mute, duty, unite

Ex. 2 Прочитайте звуки и слова

[ʒ]: pleasure [ˈpleʒə], treasure [ˈtreʒə], measure [ˈmeʒə]                [s]: cent, lace, pace, ice, city

[k]: cat, cot, cod, cake, cane, chemist, technical, scheme, school       [wɒ]: wall, watch, wasp, want

[ɡ]: gate, leg, beg, bag, give, get, go, give, get, glee, clog, mug  [h]: who, whose, whole, whom

[ʤ]: gem, gin, page, age, gentle, gypsy, jam, jump, July, gentle, object, geology

[s]: soft, sock, set, sets, beets, tips, tops, must      [w]: white, when, while, why [waɪ]

[z]: begs, lads, yells, nose, feeds, deeds, lens, music      [ɡz]: exist, exact

[ʃ]: sheep, shop, shut, push, finish [θ]: theme, thin, tenth, teeth   [ð]: them, than, that, then

[ʧ]: such, chess, match, chin, China [ʧainə]  [ks]: box, text, next, ax, axle, extent

[wɜ:]: word, world, worker, worse     [wɔ:]: war, ward, warm, swarm

Ex. 3 Прочитайте слова по транскрипции

[buk], [fog], [ju:z], [went], [wel], [wil], [wið], [wot], [wen], [wƐƏ], [wit∫], [windou], [wilou], [web], [wait], ['wint Ə], [weðƏ], [ði:z] ], [swim]. [ðƏ trip], [ðƏ 'kæt], [ðƏ 'buk], [ðƏ 'tu:l], [ðƏ 'bed],  [o:lw Əz], [nevƏ], [fitƏ], [faðƏ], [tælƏnt], [si:t], [liv], [hil], [hi:l], [slip], [sli:p], [ði:z], [huk], [put], [hu:t], [blu:], [buk], [tuk], [but], [tul], [sj'u:t], [kout], [ðis], [klok], [soft], [do:tƏ], [sei], [dei], [rein], [trai], [krai], [boi], [toi], [dʒoi], [aut], [Ə’baut], [sou], [gou].

Ex. 4 Прочитайте слова по транскрипции

[Ə’kj'u:mj'u:leit],['eidʒƏnsi],[Ə'kwƐƏriƏm],[a:ki'tekt∫ƏrƏl],[o:tƏ,baiou'græfik],[,sivilai'zei∫n],[,kærƏktƏ'ristik],['demƏnstreit],['daiƏlog],['dainƏso:],[,dokju'mentƏri],['empaiƏ],[dʒi'olƏdʒist],['ledʒƏnd],['lændskeip],

['dʒækit],[,mitjƏ'rolƏdʒist], [,næ∫Ə'næliti],['ræ∫nƏlaizƏ],['siƏri:z], [teknƏ'lodʒikl],[ænt'a:ktikƏ],[krai'mi:Ə], ['wo∫iŋtƏn],[ə k´tiviti],[ikst´ri:mz],[´biznis],[ə´gein],[´sekənd],[di´said],[`stju:dənt],[´pju:pl],[pænl].

Ex. 5 Прочитайте слова по транскрипции [ˈʌndə],[ɪɡˈzækt],[ɪɡˈzɪst],[ɪksˈtent],[ˈteknɪkəl],[ski:m],[sku:l],[ˈmju:zɪk],[mʌst],[ju:ˈnaɪt],[ˈʤɪpsɪ],[ʤu:ˈlaɪ],[ˈɒbʤɪkt],[ʤɪˈɒləʤɪ],[ˈdjutɪ],[ˈʧaɪnə],[ˈkemɪst],[ˈfɪnɪʃ],[ˈsɪtɪ],[ˈbʊlɪ],[eɪʤ],[aɪs],[temz],[θɜ:st],[prəˈfesə],[həʊl],[hu:m],[hu:],[hu:z],[ˈfɔ:nə],[ˈpleznt],[waɪ],[wɜ:ld],[ˈsɜ:tn],[ˈʃeɪkspɪə],[ˈri:zn],[ɪnˈkri:s],[jɑ:d],[lɑ:f],[ɪˈnʌf],[ˈəʊʃn],[haʊs],[ˈsteɪʃn],[ˈkwaɪət],[baɪ],[ˈreɪdɪəʊ],[ˈweðə],[ˈbju:tɪfl],[mju:ˈzɪəm],[ˈrɔ:ɪəl],[ˈjeləʊ],[ˈmɒskəʊ],

[ˈəʊpənə],[ˈlɪtərɪʧə],[ˈmeʒə],[dɪˈstrɔɪ],[ˈlekʧə],[ˈmɪksʧə],[ֽpɔsə`biliti],[´difrənt].

        Личные  местоимения  (именительный падеж)    Personal pronouns

Ед.  число                           Мн. число

1л            I -я                      1л    We  - мы                          Личные местоимения в именительном падеже

2л           You - ты             2л    You - вы                                 выполняют функцию подлежащего.

3л            He - он               3л    They -они

                She - она

               It – оно, он, она (неодушевленные предметы, животные)

Ex.  6  Вставьте  he, she, it, we, or they

1Molly is very nice. __'s my best friend.2 Molly and I aren't English. __'re from Sydney.

3 Greg is my brother. __'s 25 years old.4 Greg and Alison are married. __'ve got two children.

5 Emily is 22 years old. __'s a nurse in the hospital. 6This is Maria. __ is having lunch in the canteen.7 Look at the children! __ are playing football in the snow! 8 Vanya is my friend. __ is riding a bike now. 9 Look at Pavel's parents. __ are reading a book. 10 Lisa is Pavel's friend. Listen! ______ is singing!

Ex.  7   Выберите из списка слова, которые можно заменить на “he”, “she”, “it”, “they”.

Children, a cat, animals, Mary, parents, Oleg, friends, a pen, books, a family, rain, a house, mice, February, summer, a river, Peter and Mike, a dog, windows, Tuesday

Спряжение   глаголов   в  Present Simple Tense

               The verb  to be - быть                                      The verb to have got - иметь

 Ед.  число                         Мн. число                                     Ед. число                Мн. число

 1 л        I    am                    We  are                           I   have got                  We have got

 2 л       You   are                You  are                         You  have got               You  have got

 3 л        He is                       They  are                        He  has got                   They  have got

              She  is                                                            She has got

               It   is                                                               It  has got

Ex.  8   Вставьте формы глагола BE в настоящем времени.

1.         I … a girl.2 My mother … a housewife. 3 My parents … at home.4 The cat … on the sofa. 5 Where … you? 6 I … in the park. 7 They … at work. 8 What … the time? 9 It … 9 o’clock. 10 How … she? 11 She … fine. 12 How old … you? 13 I … ten.14 … he your teacher?15. Where … you? — I… in the kitchen. 16. Where … Fred? — He … in the garage. 17. Where … Lisa and John? — They .. in the living-room. 18. Where… Mike? — He … in the garden.  19. What time … it?  — It … 5 o’clock. 20. Your watch … slow. It … 5 minutes past 5 now. 21. Where … our Tom cat? — He … on the sofa. 22. It … so quiet. Where … the children? — They … in the bedroom. 23. What … they doing there? — They … playing hide and seek.  24. … it your brother who … in the bathroom? — I think he … 25. It… time to have tea. The pie … ready. The cups … on the table. 26. My home … my castle.

Ex.  9   Вставьте глагол have или has.

1I _ got a family.2 I _ father, mother, two sisters and a brother. 3 My parents _ got many relatives.

4 My mother _ three sisters and a brother.5 My father _two cousins.6 My grandparents _ five grandchildren.7 My aunt _ a niece and a nephew. 8 My uncle _two children. 9 This man _ got a wife.10 These women  _ husbands.11 I _got a dog. My dog  _ a puppy.12 Jane _ got a cat. Her cat _ seven kittens.13 Jack and Sam_ a parrot. Their parrot _ yellow wings.14 Tigers _ sharp teeth.15 Foxes _ long tails.16 Rabbits _ short tails. 17 Mice _ grey coats.18 The dog _ a big bone.19 The cat _ a long tail.20 The dog _  short legs.

Притяжательные местоимения (употребляются только перед существительным)

Ед. число                     Мн. число

1л    My- мой             Our - наш

2л   Your - твой        Your- ваш

3л    His - его             Their – их

        Her - ее

        Its – его, ее

Ex.  10   Замените выделенные слова притяжательными местоимениями.

1. This is Ben's room. 2. This is Helen's hat. 3. Here is my parents' house. 4. Nick's mother is an economist. 5. Where is my brother's bag? 6. I like Helen's car. 7. Ann's books are on the 8 This student's sister is my friend. 9. My sister's house is not far from Ben's house. 10. Where is the children's room? 11.  Ann's  brothers study at the university. 12. These boys’ fathers don't work at the factory. 13. Here is my sisters flat.

Ex.  11   Вставьте в пропуски притяжательные местоимения.

1 I have got a big car. __ car is broken right now. 2 She has plenty of subjects at school.   __ subjects are very interesting. 3 Philip has lots of problems with studying.  __ problems are easy to solve. 4 We have three periods today. __ subjects are : Maths, English, Physics. 5 They have a uniform. __ uniform is always clean and tidy. 6 You wear new clothes everyday. __ style is so fashionable! 7. Is your bag new? - Yes, _ bag is new . 8. I like __ hat, Ann. 9. Don't plant this tree! __ branch is broken. 10. Max, you have a new job. Do you like __ new job? 11. __ friends always tell me everything. 12. Our dog likes to run after __tail.

Личные местоимения (объектный падеж)

              Ед.  число                    Мн. Число

  1л        me -  мне                      1л    us - нам

  2л         you -  тебе                   2л    you -  вам

  3л         him – ему,его              3л    them -  им, их

               her – ей, ее

               it -  ему, ей (неодушевленные предметы,  животные)

Ex.  12  Вставьте подходящие по смыслу личные местоимения в объектном падеже.

1. Where is Nick? I want to play tennis with … . 2. Bess is here. Do you want to speak to … ? 3. My sister speaks French. She learns … at school. 4. Look at that man. Do you know … ? 5. Do you want to read this newspaper? I can give … to … . 6. If you see Ben and Bess, please, don't tell … anything. 7. We want to phone Helen and invite … to the party.

Ex.  13 Замените выделенные слова личными местоимениями в объектном падеже.

1. I like Nick.2. We like Bess.3. He likes ice-cream.4. Can you show the pictures to Ben? 5. You can tell Helen my e-mail address.6. Are you interested in football?7. I want to buy two bottles of milk  for Bess.8. Do you want to play tennis with Ben? 9. We must speak to Nick. 10. You should invite  Helen and Bess to your house for dinner. 11. Do you know Mary? 12. Tell Nick about your plan.

13. I see my friends every day.

Ex.  14  Заполните пропуски, используя личные местоимения в объектном падеже.

1 Jack is hungry. Bring _ a sandwich.2 Ann is ill. Take _ these flowers.3 Fred and Jane are in the country. Write _ a letter.4 I am thirsty. Bring _ a bottle of Coca-Cola. 5 Jimmy is in class. Give _this book.6 The children are hungry. Bring _ these red apples.7 Alan is at home. Ask _ to come to the yard.8 We are at table. Give _ tea and cakes.

Ex.  15  Дополните пропуски соответствующей формой глаголов to be, to have.

1Hello! My name _ Alex! 2 I _24 years old.3  I _ a student.4 I _ American. 5 I _ a tall,handsome boy. 6 I _ a sister. 7 Her name _ Sonya. 8 Sonya _ very small.9  She _only three years old. 10 She _ funny and very kind. 11 We _ are good friends.12 Unfortunately, she _ ill now, therefore she _ at home. 13 This text _ easy. 14 I _ no doubt in that. 15 The letter _ in his hands. 16 He _ a letter in his hand. 17 Our city _ very big. 18 We _ a small house. 19 This building _ in that part of the city.20 This place _ very famous.21 The tower which we see there _ a clock. 22 As you see, the clock _ very big. 23 Over a hundred people _ now in this building. 24 We often _ foreign visitors here.25 The gate _ open.26 Madame Tussaud's _ a museum which _ wax models of famous people.27 Oxford Street _ London's main shopping centre.28 There _ hundreds of shops along this street!29 The Tower of London _ a museum now.30 Westminster Abbey _ a famous church near the Houses of Parliament.

Ex.  16 Составьте предложения

1.Name, my, is, Liza.2.Dislikes, he, French.3.Cat, black, is, my.4.Have, I, a lot of, got books.5.I, at, study, technical, the, college.6.Good, friends, are, we.7.Is, from, she, Moscow.8.Family, is, large, my.9.The, is, white, dog.10.Mother, my, is, very, beautiful.11.Lives, he, in, the, forest.12.Fresh, air, I, like.13.He, a, big, bag, has, got.14.My, is, very, old, computer.15.I, twenty-five, old, years, am.

Ex.  17 Заполните пропуски, используя личные местоимения в объектном падеже.

1 Who is that lady? — Why are you looking at _?2 Do you know that young handsome man?-Yes, I study with _.3 Please, listen to _. I want to express my point of view.4 These puppies are so nice! Do you want to look at _.5 We like this house. We're going to buy _.6 He can't see _ because we are sitting in the last row.

7 Where are the keys to our flat? I can't find _.8 Where is Ann? I want to talk to _.9 This snake is poisonous. I'm very afraid of _.10 Don't wait for _ for dinner. I'll return very late at night.11 He left Polotsk long ago. I haven't seen _ since.12 You can fully rely on _. We won't let you down.                  

Количественные и порядковые числительные

1. Количественные числительные			2. Порядковые  числительные
1-one 2-two 3- three 4-four 5- five 6- six 7- seven 8- eight 9- nine 10-ten	11- eleven 12- twelve 13- thirteen 14- fourteen 15- fifteen 16- sixteen 17- seventeen 18- eighteen 19- nineteen	20 twenty 30-thirty 40-forty 50-fifty 60-sixty 70-seventy 80-eighty 90-ninety	1-ый -the first (Ist) 2-ой-the second (2 nd) 3-й - the third (3d ) 4-й-the fourth (4th) 5-ый-the fifth (5 th) 6-ой- the sixth (6th) 7-ой- the seventh (7 th) 8-ой – the eighth ( 8 th) 9-ый- the ninth (9 th) 10-ый- the tenth (10 th)	11-ый- the eleventh(11th) 12-ый- the twelfth (12 th) 13 ый - the thirteenth 14 ый - the fourteenth 15 ый - the fifteenth 16 ый - the sixteenth 17 ый - the seventeenth 18 ый - the eighteenth 19 ый - the nineteenth	20- ый - the twentieth 30- ый - the thirtieth 40- ый -the fortieth 50- ый - the fiftieth 60- ый - the sixtieth 70- ый -the seventieth 80- ый - the eightieth 90- ый - the ninetieth
	100- one hundred 125-one hundred and twenty-five,1000-one thousand 1 000 000- one million			100- ый - the one hundredth 125- ый –the one hundred and twenty-fifth 1000- ый – the one thousandth 2е сентября - the second of September
			Запомните, как читается год:    1997 nineteen eighty-seven

Ex. 18 a)  Напишите  количественные числительные словами

55, 34, 27, 12, 76, 89, 11 431, 64 143, 776 030, 15 965,6  440, 67 234, 546  798, 144 275, 43 583, 200 589,

238 413, 4 508 110, 56 902, 8 679 014, 678 520, 78 011, 9 125 843, 40 503, 780 322, 3 412 650, 905 431.

b) Напишите словами порядковые числительные

56, 35, 21, 13, 77, 90 120, 44  605, 143 304, 72 155, 931 230, 435  657, 982 763, 362 921, 5 362, 9 358, 183 765, 7 452 600, 578 413, 88 910, 3 487 340, 134 403, 67 891, 590 315, 94 614, 964 308, 5 892 418.

с) Напишите  даты  словами

1923, 2008, 1289, 1754, 1429, 1376, 1955, 1980, 1847, 1894, 1278, 1450, 2019, 1730, 1820, 2004,1189.

а) 1 сентября 1984 года, 8 мая 1861 года,7 ноября 1990 года, 21 января 1824 года, 9 октября 1947 года, 22 апреля 1907 года, 11 марта 1951 года, 27 июля 1990 года, 5 июля 1945 года, 10 февраля 1972 года.

b)1 325 543 книги, первый автобус, 1 325 учеников, вторая страница, 266 дней, сороковой размер, около 18 000 студентов, часть первая, более 1 500 000 человек, номер десятый, менее 1000 страниц

Ex. 19 Напишите порядковые числительные

1.Saturday is the ___ day of the week.2.The ____ month of the year is June. .3.The ____month of the year is March.4.In a competition the gold medal is for the___ place and the silver medal is for the____ place.

Ex. 20 Напишите порядковые числительные (как в примере)

Например 1.  H is the eighth letter.

2.T is the ____ letter.3.Q is the ____letter.4.N is the ____letter.5.P is the ____letter.6.K is the ___letter.

7.M is the ___letter.8.R is the ___letter.9.S is the ___letter.10.O is the ___letter.11.L is the___ letter.

12.J is the ___ letter.13.G is the __letter.

Types of syllables. Типы слога

Чтение английских гласных зависит от типа слога, в который они входят. Существует 4 типа слога .

Первый тип слога называется открытым и заканчивается на гласную. Любая гласная в этом слоге читается так, как она называется  в алфавите. К условно открытому слогу относятся слоги, заканчивающиеся на немое (непроизносимое) “e”.

Второй тип слога – закрытый, заканчивается на согласную. Гласные в этом слоге читаются кратко.

Третий тип слога – гласная + буква “r” или гласная + “r” + согласная.

Четвертый тип слога – гласная + “r” + гласная

Типы слога	Открытый и условно открытый слог	Закрытый слог (ок-ся на согласную)	Буква r после гласной	Буква r между гласными
a	[ei]       hate, taken	[æ]     hat	[α:]            hard	[εə]         care
o	[ou]      note, no	[Ɔ ]      not	[Ɔ: ]             nor	[Ɔ: ] или [[Ɔə]       more
u	[ju:]      pupil, tube	[L]       cut	[ə:]             turn	[juə]         cure
e	[i:]        Pete, he	[e]       met	[ə:]              her	[iə]            here
i, y	[ai]       fine, final, my	[i]       till, gyps	[ə:]            girl, byrd	[aiə]          fire, tyre

Ex. 21 Распределите слова по типам слога в три колонки

a)Sit, her, we, term, bed, market, test, cart, duck, dark, plate, farmer, due, part, harm, luck, port, large, take, burn, make, girl, pot, broke, hum, see, sir, men, nurse, then, can, pine, toss, sate, sad, first, plane, funny, happy, as, dress, his, pupil, student, much, nice, milk, music, name, myrtle, hill, tack, stock, bone, cosy, curly, phone, clock, sun, from, middle, first, smart, far, but, big, has, that, like, go, long, hot, place, apple, man, kept, state, table, fix,  thick, white, silly, bench, wish, pepper, best, stern, end, melt , date, forty, help, pipe, next, hand, force.

Ex. 22 Распределите слова по типам слога в четыре колонки.

a) make, here, system, dry, fire, but, not, sir, life, sum, fond, tired, period, wide, rest, card, suffer, more, tune,

take, compare, term, end, due, alone, firm, burn, durable, tyre, declare, party, man, before, run, time, fare,

trade, see, best, or, use, student, lot, note, first, morning, person, pure, hire, fine, fee, add, prepare, kert.

 b) wire, rate, let, art, birth, store, tube, must, dirt, side, hand, he, cure, nude, type, permanent, tell, flat, nor, purpose, explore, hope, be, cut, burst, serve, date, bad, fly, dust, smoke, mere, far, set, fit, report, hurt,

frame, starve, her, no, name, murder , same, fill, for, turn, late, fame, start, hardy, kill, bond, well, me, vote,

panel, bill, sell, we, help, my, sit, so, home, lost, bust, during.

 PLURAL  OF  NOUN            Множественное число существительных

Образуется при помощи прибавления окончания:

                                                    Окончание  - S  читается  как:

                                                      [ z ]                                                               [ s ]

                            После гласных и звонких согласных                После глухих согласных

               day – days [deiz] , bag – bags [bægz]                test – tests [tests] , book – books [buks]

                          (Неопределённый артикль «а»  во множественном числе не употребляется)          

Окончание  - es [iz] прибавляется   если существительное оканчивается на:

 1)  -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -tch, -x.  Boxes, matches, bushes, watches, classes  .

 2)  - fe , - f  меняется на   v + es. Life -lives, half - halves, leaf- leaves, wife - wives.

 BUT( но) : roofs (крыша), chiefs (начальник), handkerchiefs(носовой платок),

cliffs (скал)ы,beliefs (верования), safes (сейфы).

 3)  - y (перед - y стоит согласная буква)  меняется на  i + es. City – cities,duty – duties.

 4)   - o  + es.  Hero – heroes.

BUT( но ):  pianos, photos, zeros, solos, autos, kilos,memos, zoos, videos.

 EXEPTIONS.  ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ                                                           

    A tooth – teeth (зуб-зубы)                                 A man – men (человек-люди, мужчины)                                                                                                                                                                                                         

    A woman – women [wimin] (женщины)          A goose – geese (гусь-гуси)                         

    A foot –feet (ступня-ступни)                               A mouse – mice (мышь-мыши)                     

    A child – children (ребенок-дети)                      An ox – oxen (бык-быки)                               

    A sheep – sheep (овца-овцы)                                       A deer – deer (олень-олени)                                                              

Ex. 23  Поставьте следующие существительные во множественное число (обратите внимание на артикль: неопределенный артикль «а» во множественном числе опускается, определенный «the» сохраняется).

a baby, a plant, a lemon, a peach, a banana, a brush, a star, a mountain, a tree, a shilling, a king, the waiter, the queen, a man, the man, a woman, the woman, an eye, a shelf, a box, the city, a boy, a goose, the watch, a mouse, a dress, a toy, the sheep, a tooth, a child, the ox, a deer, the life, a tomato, a secretary, a crowd, the airport, a theatre, the tornado, a shop, the tragedy.

Ex. 24  Образуйте множественное число
a) A train, a seat, a tie, a shop, a fork, a forest, a game, a lesson, a name, a week, a page, a bag, a bird, a class,  a box, a bush, a bus,  a birch, a bench, an inch, a copy,a  hero, a cake, a knife, a wife, a wolf, a tomato, a fly, a piano, a leaf, a safe, a victory, a roof, a watch, a form, a room, a pen, a lamp, an arm, a tram, a book, an apple, a day,a  ship, a toy, a university, a chief, a photo, a style, a handkerchief, an enemy, a match, a bush.

Ex. 25 Поставьте предложения в множественное число

 1. This man is an engineer. 2. That woman is my sister. 3. This child is my son, 4. That goose is big. 5. This mouse is white.6. That girl is my niece. She is a pupil. 7.This boy has a good coat. 8 My uncle has a large flat. 9. There is a table in the room. 10. I have a good pen. My pen is in my pocket. 11. There is a flower in the vase. 12This is a star. 13. This is a boy. 14. This is a baby. 15. That is a plate. 16. That is a flower. 17. That is a bookshelf. 18. Is this a sofa? 19. Is this a bookcase? 20. Is this a man? 21. Is that a ball? 22. Is that a train? 23. Is that a plane? 24. Is the window open? 25. Is the door closed? 26. Is the boy near the window? 27. That is not a king, 28. That is not a queen. 29. That is not a bus.30. This isn't a mountain. 31. That isn't a goose. 32. This isn't a mouse. 33. It is a sheep. 34. It is a cigarette. 35. It is a cat. 36. It is not a girl. 37. It isn't a bag. 38. It isn't a tree. 39. It is not a bad egg. 40. It is a good egg. 41. Is that a flower?  

(this этот-these эти, that тот-those те)

К неисчисляемым существительным в английском языке относят:

жидкости: blood  кровь, coffee  кофе, tea  чай, milk  молоко, oil  масло, water  вода.

пища, продукты питания, твердые вещества: bread  хлеб, butter  масло, china  фарфор, coal  уголь, fish  рыба, fruit  фрукты, spagetti  спагетти, glass  стекло, ice  лед, iron  железо, meat  мясо, beaf говядина, pork -свинина, soap  мыло.

газы: air  воздух, oxygen  кислород, pollution  загрязнение, smoke  дым от сигарет, steam  пар.

языки: Chinese, English, french, German, Greek, Italian.

игры: baseball, football, golf, chess. болезни:  flu — грипп, mumps — свинка, measles — корь.

явления природы: darkness темнота, fog туман, gravity  гравитация, hail град, heat  жара, lightning молния, rain  дождь, snow снег, sunshine солнечный свет, weather погода, wind  ветер (но: the rains — время продолжительных дождей в тропических странах) humidity влажность, thunder гром.

абстрактные существительные: advice  советы, anger  злость, behavior  поведение, courage смелость, damage  вред, dirt грязь, education  образование, health  здоровье, information  информация, knowlegde  знания, luck  удача, music  музыка, news  новости, peace  мир, progress  успехи, traffic  дорожное движение, travel  путешествие, truth правда, work  работа.

некоторые собирательные существительные: hair  волосы, furniture  мебель, jewellery  ювелирные украшения, luggage  багаж, rubbish  мусор.
Вещества, состоящие из крупиц particles corn кукуруза, dust пыль, flour мука, hair, pepper, rice, salt, sand песок).

• Some nouns take only a plural verb. Используется глагол во множ. числе (are). Это объекты, состоящие из двух частей: garments одежда (pyjamas, trousers брюки), tools инструменты (scissors ножницы, binoculars, compasses, spectacles очки и т. д.), или существительные, такие как: arms руки, ashes зола, clothes одежда, congratulations поздравления, earnings прибыль, outskirts окраина, people, police, riches богатство, stairs лестница, surroundings окружение.

• Существительные, относящиеся к группе людей. Эти существительные могут принимать глагол в единственном или множественном числе в зависимости от того, рассматриваем ли мы группу в целом или как отдельных лиц. Такими существительными являются: army армия, audience аудитория, class, club, committee комитет, company компания, council совет, crew команда, crowd толпа, headquarters штаб-квартира, family, jury, government правительство, press жюри, public общественность, staff персонал, team команда. The team was the best. (the team as a group)  The team were all given medals. (each member separately as individuals)

Ex. 26 Поставьте: is или are.

1. Your trousers __ in the wardrobe.2. Where_ his scissors?3. There_ a lecture on history today.4. The shopping__ heavy.5. Where__ my gloves?6. This information_correct.7. His hair_brown.8. My socks_ in the drawer.9. Our furniture_ very cheap.10. His accommodation_ luxurious.11. Evidence_ needed before the trial can continue.12. The news_ very exciting.13. Mumps_a common illness among children.14. My glasses_ on the table.15. Chinese_ difficult to learn.16. Where_ the kitchen scales?17. Billiards_ a popular game.18. His work_ very interesting.19. People_ starving in some countries.20. Education_ the key to his success.

Ex. 27 Поставьте: is или are.

1. Where_ your trousers?2. Could you tell me where_ the scissors?3. Tonight, there _ athletics on TV.4. Money_ easy to spend and difficult to save.5. Gloves_ worn in cold weather.6. This student’s knowledge_ amazing.7. Love_ reason for much happiness.8. This bread_ stale.9. Your jeans_ on the chair.10. His baggage_ too heavy to carry.11. Her advice _ very interesting.12.Mathematics_ his favourite subject.13.Measles_ a common illness.14. The glasses_ on the table.15.My sister’s hair_ long.16.Their bathroom scales_ quite accurate.17 Darts _ a popular game in Britain.18 This work_ too hard.19 People_ unhappy with the new tax system.20.The police_ near.

ПАДЕЖИ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОГО. CASES.

Английское существительное имеет два падежа:

Общий падеж. Common case: a lace, a leg. (Сущ. не имеет никаких окончаний).

Притяжательный падеж (Possessive case) употребляется для обозначения принадлежности предмета какому-либо лицу (лицам). Существительное в единственном числе в притяжательной форме принимает окончание 's : boy's nose (нос мальчика), и прибавляется только апостроф (') после слова во мн. ч.: boys' noses(носы мальчиков). Слова, образующие мн. ч. не по общему правилу (исключения), принимают окончание  -'s: children's toys(детские игрушки), women's clothes

Ex. 28 Используйте притяжательный падеж существительных при помощи 's, (')

1. the camera/Tom 2. the eyes/the cat 3. the top/the page4. the daughter/Charles 5. the newspaper/today

6. the toys/the children 7. the name/your wife 8. the name/this street 9. the name/the man I saw yesterday

10. the new manager/the company 11. the result/the football match 12. the car/Mike parents 13. the garden/our neighbors14. the children/Don and Mary

Ex. 29  Перефразируйте в притяжательном падеже

1. the room of my friend. 2. the questions of my son. 3. the wife of my brother. 4. the table of our teacher. 5. the poems of Pushkin. 6. the voice of this girl. 7. the new club of the workers. 8. the letter of Pete. 9. the car of my parents. 10. the life of this woman. 11. the handbags of these women. 12. The flat of my sister is large. 13. The children of my brother are at home. 14. The room of the boys is large. 15. The name of this girl is Jane. 16. The work of these students is interesting, 17 the ball of the dog, 18. the skateboard of that man, 19. the songs of the children.20. the umbrella of my grandmother.21. the hats of the ladies, 22 the room of John.

Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense.

Настоящее простое ( неопределенное) время.

Present Simple (Indefinite) употребляется для выражения обычного, постоянного, регулярного действия, свойственного подлежащему. Констатация факта.

Слова-определители времени: Always -всегда, often - часто, usually - обычно, every day (week, month) – каждый день (неделю, месяц), sometimes - иногда, seldom - редко. ставятся перед основным глаголом always,usually,often,sometimes,rarely — редко,hardly ever — почти никогда,never — никогда. They always find a reason to argue. — Они всегда находят причину поссориться.

Утвердительная форма Present Simple (Indefinite) образуется при помощи  глагола в первой форме (инфинитив без частицы to: to come -  you come ); но если подлежащее стоит в 3-м лице единственного числа к  глаголу прибавляется  окончание -s или –es (to come – he comes) . (V, Vs)

Подлежащее +  основной  глагол V (в первой форме )  + .... Подлежащее в 3 л ед. ч. (he,she,it) +  основной  глагол Vs (в первой форме с окончанием s )   + ....

You seldom come to your grandparents.

He  seldom comes to his grandparents.

Окончание -es прибавляется к глаголу, если подлежащее в 3 л ед числе в слудущих случаях:

1) Если глаголы оканчиваются на согласные -s, -ss, -ch,-tch, -sh, -x, то в 3-м лице единственного числа к ним прибавляется окончание -es, которое произносится [iz]:Не teaches ['ti:t∫iz] She dresses

2) Глаголы, оканчивающиеся на -у с предшествующей согласной, в 3-м лице единственного числа меняют -у на -i и прибавляется окончание -es: I carry — he carries     Ср.: I play — she plays

3) Глаголы to do и to go принимают в 3-м лице единственного числа окончание -es:Не goes.He does

Глаголы to be и to have образуют формы Present Simple (Indefinite) не по общим правилам.

Глаголы to be и to have имеют спряжение, т. е.  изменяются по лицам и числам.

                            The verb  to be - быть                                    The verb to have got - иметь

                         Ед.  число           Мн. число                           Ед. число                Мн. число

                1 л        I    am                    We  are                           I   have got                  We have got

                2 л       You   are                You  are                         You  have got               You  have got

                3 л        He is                       They  are                       He  has got                   They  have got

                            She  is                                                            She has got

                            It   is                                                               It  has got     

Вопросительная форма глаголов to be и to have образуется путем постановки этих глаголов перед подлежащим. Отрицательная форма глагола to be образуется при помощи частицы  not, а глагола to have — при помощи отрицательного местоимения no, которые ставятся после соответствующего глагола.   Are you all right? How many lessons have you today?

I am not a student yet. The postman has no letters for us.

 2 ) Вопросительная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательного  глагола  do (во всех лицах и числах,кроме 3 лица  единственного числа), если подлежащее стоит в 3-м лице единственного числа используется  вспомогательный  глагол does, который ставится перед подлежащим, и смыслового глагола в первой основной форме( без окончания) — после подлежащего.

Вспомогательный глагол (do,does)  +  подлежащее + смысловой  глагол(без окончания)  +…..?

 Do you work at a factory?       Does he take part in the concert?

Вопросы к подлежащему образуются без вспомогательного глагола, к основному  глаголу прибавляется окончание  - s  или –es:

You   take part in the concert. Я принимаю участие в концерте.

Who takes part in the concert? Кто принимает участие в концерте?

        3 ) Отрицательная  форма  образуется  с помощью  вспомогательного глагола  do ( во всех лицах, кроме 3 л.ед.ч.) или does (в 3 лице единственного числа)  и отрицательной частицы  not, которые ставятся между подлежащим и смысловым глаголом в первой форме.

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол (do,does) +  not + смысловой  глагол (без окончания) + ...

I do not work there. (I don't work there.)
He does not take part in it. (He doesn't take part in it.)

Для справок:

1.Вопросительная и отрицательная формы Present Simple (Indefinite) смыслового глагола to do образуются с помощью вспомогательного глагола to do.

What do you do on Sunday? He does not do his morning exercises.

2. No употребляется также для образования отрицательной формы с оборотом there is (there are). There are no tickets left for the performance of the Vakhtangov theatre.

Но: Перед местоимением any в отрицательных предложениях с глаголом to have и с оборотом there is (there are) употребляется not.   I haven't any questions.     There isn't any river in this place.      

Ex.30 Используйте слова в скобках для образования предложений в Present Simple. Обратите внимание, в какой форме должно стоять предложение (утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной).

1) They __ football at the institute. (play)2) She __ emails. (not /write)3) __ you__ English? (speak)4) My mother __ fish. (not/like)5) __ Ann ____ any friends? (have)6) His brother _____ in an office. (work)7) She ___ very fast. (cannot /read)8) ____ they ____ the flowers every 3 days? (water)9) His wife _____ a motorbike. (not/ride)10) ____ Elizabeth_____ coffee? (drink)

Ex. 31  Вставьте наречия, указанные в скобках, в данные предложения.

1. She is late for work. (Always) 2. George eats meat. (Never) 3. You can see foxes in the country. (Sometimes) 4. Does Tim go to school by taxi? (Usually) 5. We spend summer in France. (Usually)6. Tom and Tim are very busy on Mondays. (Often) 7. My dog is very funny. (Sometimes) 8. Kate doesn’t go swimming. (Often) 9. Simon does his English homework. (Never)

  Ex. 32  Заполните пропуски, используя вспомогательные глаголы do или does.

1. … you want cream and sugar in your coffee? 2. … the children go to bed very early? 3. … that girl come from South America? 4. … you know that Italian student? 5. … Miss Stewart prefer coffee or tea? 6. … your English lessons seem very difficult? 7. … those two women understand that lesson?

Ex. 33 Переделайте данные предложения в вопросительные и отрицательные.

1. Mary takes the dog for a walk in the evenings. 2. Peter buys a morning newspaper every day. 3. I come to every lesson. 4. We go to the seaside every summer. 5. You go shopping on Saturday mornings. 6. Peter plays the piano very well. 7. The sun rises in the east. 8. My big brother knows everything. 9. Dogs don’t like cats. 10. All children like chocolate. 11. It rains very often in autumn.

Ex.34  Вставьте глаголы из скобок в форме Present Simple.

He (get) up at 7. He (have) his English lesson every day. Не (speak) English to his friends. He (play) board games in the afternoon. Sometimes he (swim) in the lake. He often (go) hiking. He sometimes(sit) by the camp fire in the evenings. He never  (go) on a trip without his friends.

Ex.35 Вставьте наречия, указанные в скобках, в данные предложения.

1. She is late for work. (Always) 2. George eats meat. (Never)3. You can see foxes in the country. (Sometimes)4. Does Tim go to school by taxi? (Usually)5. We spend summer in France. (Usually) 6. Tom and Tim are very busy on Mondays. (Often)7. My dog is very funny. (Sometimes) 8. Kate doesn’t go swimming. (Often) 9. Simon does his English homework. (Never).

Ex.36 Составьте предложения.

1)do/we/not/visit/teacher/our. 2)she/travel/not/bus/by/does. 3)friends/my/do/not/in/live/the USA.

4)every/day/not/does/she/swim. 5)do/cars/we/like/not/blue. 6)does/Peter/not/Chinese/speak. 7) porridge/not/children/like/do. 8)our/does/mother/buy/not/chips. 9)meat/eat/not/rabbits/do. 10)Sue/Sunday/swim/not/Saturday/does/and/every. 11)does/a boy/not/park/in/the/run.

12)their/do/wear/jeans/not/friends.

  DEGREES OF COMPARISON         СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ

У каждого прилагательного есть положительная степень, сравнительная и    превосходная.

Способы образования степеней сравнения

1) В односложных и некоторых двусложных прилагательных сравнительная степень образуется путем прибавления окончания –er, а превосходная степень при помощи артикля the и окончания  - est.

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Large Cold Clean	Larger Colder Cleaner	The largest The coldest The cleanest
Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень		Превосходная степень
Big Happy	Bigger Happier		The biggest The happiest

Примечание. Если прилагательное заканчивается на согласную и имеет одну краткую гласную, то согласная удваивается (hot – hotter – the hottest).

Если прилагательное заканчивается на гласную — «у» с предшествующей согласной буквой, то «у» меняется на «i» (funny – funnier – the funniest).

2) В многосложных прилагательных (два и более слога) сравнительная степень образуется путем прибавления  «more»  к прилагательному в положительной степени,  а в превосходной  «the most».

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Beautiful Comfortable Exciting волнующий	More beautiful More comfortable More exciting	The most beautiful The most comfortable The most exciting

В) Исключения образования степеней сравнения  прилагательных.

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
Good хороший	Better - лучше	The best  - самый лучший
Bad - плохой	Worse - хуже	The worst – самый плохой
Many, much- много	More - больше	The most – самый больший
Little - маленький	Less - меньше	The least – самый маленький
Far - далекий	Farther(further) - дальше further в значении дополнительный, дальнейший	The farthest (furthest) – самый далекий

Особенности образования степеней сравнения.

Сравнительные конструкции

as + прилагательное+as (такой же . . . как и) употребляется при сравнении одинаковых предметов.

This room is as good as that room. I’m sorry I’m late. I got here as fast as I could.Извините за опоздание. Я добирался сюда так быстро, как мог.

not so + прилагательное+as (не такой . . как) употребляется при сравнение неодинаковых предметов.

This room is not so good as that room. The cake is not so delicious as the ice – cream.
Торт не такой вкусный (восхитительный), как мороженое.

twice/three times, etc./half as + прилагательное + as (в два/три,  и т. д/ половину .... чем)

Their house was three times as expensive as ours. (Их дом был в три раза дороже нашего)

Your flat is half as large as mine.

(Ваша квартира вдвое меньше моей.)

the same ... as (такой же, тот же самый):

Bella’s dress is the same colour as Jessica’s. (Платье Беллы такого же цвета, что и платье Джессики)

than (чем)

This room is better than that room.

the + сравнительная степень (чем . . . тем)

The younger you are, the easier you find it to learn things. (Чем ты моложе, тем тебе проще учиться). The sooner you come home the better.

MUCH (MANY), FEW (LITTE)

Much — много — употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными.

Many — много — употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными.

Little — мало — употребляется с неисчисляемыми существительными.

Few — мало — употребляется с исчисляемыми существительными.

A little — указывает на наличие небольшого количества. Употребляется с неисчисляемыми сущ.

A few — указывает на наличие небольшого количества. Употребляется с исчисляемыми сущ.

Ex. 37  Образуй сравнительную и превосходную степень прилагательных.

Happy, dark,  quick, sad, weak, pretty, bright, dry, full, nice, wet, early, strong, ugly, quite, funny, lazy, comfortable, far, expensive, good, difficult, helpful, many, heavy, big, dirty, clean, near, little, famous, much, clever, cheap, pale, beautiful, early, practical, important.                   

Ex. 38 Распределите следующие прилагательные в три колонки:

1         2         3

nice  nicer  nicest

modern; reasonable; many; more; dearer; best; most important; good; worse, high; cheapest; light; less; more polite; higher; dear; most modern; bad; cheap; more important; little; better; important; highest; dearest; polite; worst; lighter; most polite; more modern; more reasonable; cheaper; most reasonable; most; least; lightest.

Ex. 39 Перепишите предложения, раскрыв скобки.

1 February is (cold) than March. 2 John Williams is (young) than me. 3 Lake Baikal is (deep) than this lake.

4 Peter is (tall) than Boris. 5 Our flat is (more/less) comfortable than yours. 6 This dictation is (more/less) difficult than yesterday’s one. 7 This bird is (more/less) beautiful than ours. 8 Alex’s wrist-watch is (more/less) expensive than mine.

Ex.40  Поставьте прилагательные в скобках  в   нужной смыслу форме.                                            1. These cakes are probably the (good) in the world.2. I am (happy) than I have ever been.3. The game will certainly be much (exciting) than it was last year.4. For (far) information, please write to the above address.5. The (old) member of her family is her Granny.6. He did very badly in the exam – (bad) than expected.7. He was the (fat) man I had ever met.8. This is the (attractive) room in the whole house.9. Our new house is (big) than the one we used to live in.10. Jill can run as (fast) as Jack.11. My brother has (much) money than I have.12. This is the (bad) weather so far this year.13. Travelling by train is (comfortable) than travelling by bus.14. The bedroom isn’t so (light) as the living-room.15. Tom is the (reserved) boy in this class.16. It’s getting (hard) and (hard) to find а job nowadays.17. Summer is the (dry) period of the year.18. ‘What time will we leave?’ ‘The (soon), the (good).’19. It’s (cheap) to go by car than by train.20. Tom looks (old) than he really is.

Ex. 41 Ответьте на вопросы, следуя образцу, и запишите их.

Образец: Which is longer: a mile or a kilometer? A mile is. A mile is longer than a kilometer.

1 Which is longer: an hour or a minute? 2 Which is higher: a mountain or a hill? 3 Which is bigger: a ship or a bus? 4 Which is longer: a sea or a river? 5 Which is more difficult: to go on foot or to go by train?

6 Which is more convenient: to ride a horse or to go by Cadillac?

Ex. 42 Задайте вопрос товарищу и запишите ответы.

1Which do you like better: fish or meat? 2 What do you like better: summer or winter? 3 Which do you like better: tea or coffee? 4 Which of the seasons do you like best of all? 5 Which of the school subject do you like best of all? 6 Which of the fruits do you like best?

Ex. 43 Заполните пропуски сравнительными конструкциями.

1.She is ... kind to me ... you. 2. No one is ... beautiful ... she. 3. There is no park ... lovely ... this one. 4. The last of them is taller ... the others. 5. I think she is prettier ... any one else. 6. He is not ... clever ... he seems. 7. That is a nice thing, it is nicer ... anything else. 8.I do my work ... good ... I can. 9. It's ... wonderful ... it can be. 10. Birmingham is ... large ... London.11. Winter in Great Britain is ... cold ... in Russia. 12 Mary is ... age ... Jane. 13Your room is twice ... large ... mine. 14 Moscow is half ... big ... New York.

Ex.  44  Вставьте many, much, few, little.

1.It took me very ... time to read this book. It is too difficult. 2. There is very ... ink in my pen. 3. It is so cold that only ... people are in the street. 4. There are not... articles in this magazine. 5. He smokes too ... tobacco. 6. We have ... work to do in the morning. 7. ... minutes passed and the boat landed. 8. There are ... boats on the sea. 9. There is very ... air in this room.10. ... air comes through the open window.11. Please don't put ... pepper on the meat. 12. There are ... plates on the table.13. I never eat... bread with soup. 14. Why do you eat so ... ice-cream? 15. She writes us ... letters from the country. 16. ... of these students don't like to look up words in the dictionary. 17. ... in this work was too difficult for me.18. ... of their answers are excellent.19. ... of their conversation is about the institute. 20. There are ... new pictures in this room.

Ex. 45 Переведите на английский язык следующие пары слов.

Много тетрадей, много молока, много воды, много дней, много газет, много мела, много сне­га, много лет, много картин, много музыки, много мальчиков, много девочек, много чая, много лимонов, много мяса, много комнат, много учителей, много работы, много воздуха, много птиц, много машин.

Present Continuous (Progressive)  Tense.    Настоящее длительное время

Present Сontinuous обозначает

1 действие, которое происходит в момент речи.

2. действие, которое происходит в настоящий период времени (не обязательно в момент речи).

3. будущее действие, которое запланировано действующим лицом (зависит от человека, в отличие от Present Simple, когда действие зависит от расписания или графика). Употребляется по отношению к будущему, если есть уверенность в том, что оно точно произойдёт,  если оно уже запланировано

 She is leaving by the five-o'clock train.Она уезжает с пятичасовым поездом. Также употребляется оборот to be going to  в сочетании с инфинитивом Не is going to spend his winter holidays in the mountains. What are you going to do now? Что ты собираешься делать сейчас?

Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be ( в формах am,is,are)  и к основному глаголу в первой основной форме (V) прибавляется окончание  -ing (V-ing).

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол (am, is, are) + основной  глагол(в первой форме + -ing)+ ...

  go — going;    read — reading

She is going home. He is waiting for you. (He's waiting for you.)
They are travelling in the south. (They're travelling in the south.) I am having dinner. (I'm having dinner.)

Слова-определители времени: Now - сейчас, at this moment - в данный момент, at the present moment - в настоящий момент

Особенности прибавления окончания

1) На письме при образовании Present Continuous глаголы оканчивающиеся на немую -е, теряют эту букву: write — writing;         take — taking

2) Если перед конечной  согласной краткая ударная  гласная, то конечная  согласная  удваивается:  win — winning, shut — shutting, удваивается также конечная -1:travel — travelling

3) Если глагол оканчивается на  –y  прибавляется окончание –ing ( study – studying)

4) Если глагол оканчивается на –ie  ------- y + -ing ( lie- lying)

Глаголы, выражающие чувства, желания, восприятия и умственные состояния, такие, как

 be-быть,  love- любить,  feel-чувствовать,  live-жить, hear - слышать, smell - чувствовать запах

taste - пробовать на вкус, see – видеть,понимать, detest,  hate - ненавидеть, dislike - не любить, enjoy - наслаждаться, forgive – прощать, like – нравиться, agree - соглашаться, believe - верить

expect - ожидать, understand - понимать, contain – содержать depend - зависеть, fit – подходить,

have - иметь, know - знать, mean – означать, possess - обладать, need – нуждаться, prefer - предпочитать, require – требовать, want - хотеть, weigh – весить, wish - желать, seem – казаться, guess- угадывать и др.

как правило, не употребляются в форме Continuous.( вместо Continuous берется Present Simple)

При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

Вспомогательный глагол (am, is, are)  +  подлежащее + основной  глагол(в первой форме + -ing) + ?

Is he sleeping?                            What are you doing?

В вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов не меняется, подлежащее меняем на who –кто или  what – что, вспомогательный глагол всегда is . I am ringing at the door. Who is ringing at the door?

При образовании отрицательной формы отрицательная частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола.

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол (am, is, are) +  not + основной глагол (в первой форме + -ing)+

I am not reading. (I'm not reading.)
He is not taking his examination. (He's not taking his examination. He isn't taking his examination.)
They are not travelling.  (They're not travelling. They aren't travelling.)

  Ex.46 Раскройте скобки и поставьте глаголы в Present Continuous

1 Look! Andy ( work) in the garden. 2 I (watch) TV at the moment. 3 We (read) a book. 4 She (play) the piano. 5 Listen! Sue and John (speak) . 6 My sister ( clean) the bathroom. 7 Look! They ( go) inside.8 I ( wait) in the car now. 9 Mrs Miller (listen) to CDs. 10 We (speak) English at the moment.11 His brother (  take) a test at the moment. 12 They (swim) in the pool.

Ex.  47 Заполните таблицу.

1) + - ING         2)  E + -ING       3) Y + - ING      4)  -IE    Y+ -ING       5)  Двойная согл. + ING

keeping                    making             copying                tie – tying                   sitting

Smoke, swim, open, work, write, lie, run, die, do, rub, bathe, study, shop, play, put, start, dance, stop, stay,carry, type, take, repair, shine, sing, drive, cross, leave, ride, tip, travel, sleep,work, wash,develop.

Ex. 48 Перепишите следующие предложения в отрицательной и вопросительной форме.

1We are reading a letter. 2 He is opening the window. 3 I am playing computer games. 4 She's dancing at the party. 5 They're drinking a cup of tea. 6 We are playing a game. 7 I'm drawing a picture. 8 He is making pizza right now. 9 Susan and her brother are taking photos. 10 Dad is working in the kitchen.

Ex. 49  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous.
1. Не (read) a book now.2. She (do) her homework.3. My mother (sit) at the table now.4. I (t write) a letter.
5. They ( play) football.6. It (snow) now.7. We (have) dinner now.8. Why ….you (talk)?

Ex. 50 Ответьте на вопросы используя слова в скобках

Например: Are you busy tonight? (Yes/meet a friend)   - Yes. I am. I'm meeting a friend.

1.  Is Ivy busy this afternoon? (Yes/go to the library).2.  Are they busy this evening? (No/have a rest)

3.  Is Mary busy after tea? (No/have a nap).4.  Are you busy today? (Yes/have visitors). 5.  Is Kate busy after lunch? (No/stay at home)6.  Are the Browns busy today? (No/have a holiday)7.  Is Fred busy tonight? (Yes/go to the concert).8.  Are you busy this afternoon? (Yes/do up the flat)

Ex. 51. Поставьте в Present Continuous.

Например:Please be silent for a while. I am listening(listen) to the news.

1.  Please be quiet. I (try) to sleep.2.  Look! It (rain).3.  Why (you/look) at me like that? Am I green or something?4.  You (make) a lot of noise. Can you be a bit quieter(тише)? 5. Excuse me, I (look) for a phone box. Where can I find one?6.  (in the theatre) It’s a good play, isn’t it?  (you/enjoy) it? 7.  Listen! Can you hear these children next door? They (cry) again.8.  Why (you/wear) your fur coat today? It’s very warm.

9.  I (not/go) to school this week. I’m on holiday.10.  I want to lose weight. I (not/eat) sweets now.

Ex. 52  Выберите из скобок  глагол в нужной форме.

1. It sometimes (snows/is snowing) here in April. 2. It (snows/is snowing) now. 3. Every morning mother (cooks/is cooking) breakfast for us. 4. It is 8 o’clock now. Mother (cooks/ is cooking) breakfast. 5. Every day father (leaves/is leaving) the house at half past eight. 6. Now it is half past eight. Father (leaves/is leaving) the house. 7. We often (watch/are watching) TV. 8. Now we (sit/ are sitting) in armchairs and (watch/are watching) TV. 9. Sometimes Mike (does/is doing) his lessons in the evening. 10. Look at Mike. He (does/is doing) his lessons. 11. It often (rains/is raining) in September. 12. It (rains/is raining) now. 13. Every day the family (has/is having) tea at 5 o’clock. 14.  It is 5 o’clock now. The family (has/is having) tea.

Ex. 53 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужном времени и в нужной форме.

1. Не often (go) to the cinema. 2. They (watch) TV at the moment. 3. She (write) letters to her mother every week. 4. Nina usually (drive) to work. 5. Father (sit) on the sofa now. 6. Listen. The telephone (ring). 7. Tim (study) a new language every year. 8. We always (spend) the summer in York. 9. In summer we usually (go) to the seaside. 10. Look at Tom. He (ride) a horse. 11. He often (watch) birds in autumn. 12. Don’t ask me now. I (write) an exercise. 13. She usually (watch) television in the evening. 14. I (play) the piano every day.

Ex. 54 Заполните пропуски, используя don’t, doesn’t, isn’t, aren’t или am not.

1. We … watching a television programme now. 2. We … watch television every day. 3.  It… raining very hard at the moment.  4. I … hear you well. 5. It… rain very much in summer. 6. Mr Johnson … eating his lunch now. 7. Mr Johnson … always eat at that cafe. 8. I… see any students in that room. 9. They … like milk for lunch. 10. He … have money for a new car.

Ex. 55 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous или в Present Simple.

1. What you ( think) of this drawing? — I (think) it ( be) excellent. 2. A holiday camp usually ( have) its own swimming-pool and tennis courts. 3. She ( play) at the concert tonight. 4. You ( like) to spend your holidays with hundreds of other people? 5. What you (listen) to? — It (seem) to me I (hear) a strange noise outside. 6. You ( read) anything in English now? — Yes, I (read) a play by Oscar Wilde. 720. I (play) the piano every day. 8. I (not  see) what you (drive) at. 9, You (enjoy) the trip? 10, Can I see Doctor Trench? — I'm sorry you can't; he ( have) his breakfast. I (not  like) the girl; she continually ( bother) me with silly questions. 12. Please wait till he ( finish). 13. Nell (to have) a rest in the south, too, I (guess). — Yes, you ( guess) right. 14. You often (get) letters from her? — Not very often.

Ex.  56 Найдите ошибки и исправьте их.

1.We not going to school today. 2. What you doing after school? 3. At the moment Peter is work in Russia. 4. Does he got a new car?  5. He never wear a hat. 6. He don’t like black coffee. 7. We are have a good time.  8. What you doing now? 9. It rains at the moment.  10. How you like the game?

Ex. 57  Поставьте глагол в Presens Simple или Present Continuous.

1. My uncle ( walk) two miles every day and ( feel) very well. 2. We really ( need) another vacation. 3. Sorry, I can't talk now, I ( run) to see the doctor at the moment. 4. My dad always ( say) that I should find another job. 5. Take an umbrella, it ( go) to rain. 6. I added some pepper to the soup, now it ( smell)  better. 7. Не often (go) to the cinema. 8. They (watch) TV at the moment. 9. She (write) letters to her mother every week. 10. Nina usually (drive) to work. 11. Father (sit) on the sofa now. 12. Listen. The telephone (ring). 13. Tim (study) a new language every year. 14. We always (spend) the summer in York. 15. In summer we usually (go) to the seaside. 16. Look at Tom. He (ride) a horse. 17. He often (watch) birds in autumn. 18. Don’t ask me now. I (write) an exercise. 19. She usually (watch) television in the evening.

Ex. 58  Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple или Present Continuous.

 1. My brother (talk) to Tom now. 2. Не (work) hard every day. 3. That girl (speak) English very well. 4. My friend (enjoy) hamburgers very much. 5. John and Frank (write) letters at this moment. 6.  The children (sleep) for two hours every afternoon. 7. It (rain) very much in autumn. 8. Miss Peters (talk) to Mr Johnson right now. 9. We (do) Exercise 13. 10. My mother (cook) very well. 11. —What you (do) here? —I (wait) for a friend. 12. —He (speak) French? —Yes, he (speak) French well. 13. Someone (knock) at the door. 14. Don’t go into the classroom. The students (write) a dictation there. 15. The man who (read) a book is our English teacher. 16. Let’s go for a walk. It (not/rain). 17.  — Where is Joe? — He (look for) his key.   18. Don’t disturb Ed. He (do) his homework. 19. We usually (watch) TV One but tonight we (watch) TV Two for a change.   20.—What’s that noise? —Sam (play) ball.

                      TYPES  OF QUESTIONS    Типы      вопросов

  I. The General Question (Yes/No questions) (Общий вопрос)

—     относится ко всему предложению в целом;

—     требует ответа, начинающегося с yes или по;

—     начинается с вспомогательного глагола (глагола-связки);

Вспомогательный глагол + подлежащее  + основной глагол + …?

 Рrеsent  Simple        Do you live in Saratov? Does he study at the University?

Present Continuous.   Is the child drawing? Are  they going home now?

Future Simple           Will you come tomorrow?  Will he go there next week?

Past Simple               Did your  sister come to you yesterday?

Present Perfect         Have you already  been there? Has she done it ?

II. The Special Question (Wh-questions) (Специальный вопрос)

—     относится к части предложения;

—     в качестве ответа требует конкретную информацию;

—     начинается с вопросительного слова, за которым следует вспомогательный глагол

what-что, какой, whom- чей, which- который, какой, whose- чей, how- как,

 when- когда, where- где,куда,  why- почему;

Вопросит, слово + вспомогат. глагол + подлежащее + основной глагол + …?

Рrеsent  Simple         Where do you live?

Present Continuous.  What is the child doing?

Future Simple           When will you come tomorrow?

Past Simple               Where did he find it?

Present Perfect         Why have you  been there?

Вопрос к подлежащему.

-         Начинается с вопросительного слова  who  (для одушевленных) и what (для неодушевленных предметов)

-    Прямой порядок слов.

-   В 3 лице единственного числа.

Рrеsent  Simple  We know her address. Who knows her address?

(без вспом. глагола,к основному глаголу прибавляется окончание  -s  или  –es)

Present Continuous.  You are going home . Who is going home ?

( вспом. глагол to be в форме  is ,подлежащее  заменяем на Who)

Future Simple You will  come tomorrow. Who will  come tomorrow?

( вспом. глагол will, подлежащее  заменяем на Who)

Past Simple   You asked me about it. Who asked me about it?

(без вспом. глагола,  подлежащее  заменяем на Who)

Present Perfect  We have been there.  Who  has  been there?

 ( вспом. глагол has,  подлежащее  заменяем на Who)

III Alternative Question ( Альтернативный вопрос)

-         представляет собой вопрос выбора между двумя действиями, предметами, явлениями и т.п.;

-    повышение тона перед союзом or- или;

Вспомогат. глагол + подлежащее + основной глагол + or + …?

Рrеsent  Simple   I prefer skating. Do you prefer skating or skiing?

Present Continuous. He is studying Maths. Is he studying Maths or Physics?

Future Simple  He will come tomorrow. Will he or she come tomorrow?

Past Simple   He studied at a lyceum.  Did he study at a gymnasium or at a lyceum ?

Present Perfect She has already done this task. Has she done or started this task?

IV. The Disjunctive Question (Tag-question) (Разделительный вопрос)

—   состоит из двух частей:

 первая   часть- повествовательное предложение с прямым порядком слов

 -  вторая часть так называемый вопросительный "хвостик", который переводится «не так ли»  , если   первая   часть   имеет   утвердительную форму, "хвостик" строится как отрицание, и наоборот (+ - или - + )

Утвердительное предложение    ,    вспомогательный глагол + not +  подлежащее, выраженное    личным местоимением? Отрицательное предложение    ,       вспомогательный глагол  +                                  подлежащее ,выраженное   личным местоимением?

Рrеsent  Simple Kolya  prefers skating, does not he?He doesn't go in for sports, does he?  John is a driver, isn't he? He isn 't a painter, is he ?

Present Continuous.I am reading now. I am reading now, are  not  I(aren’t)?

Future Simple  He will not come tomorrow.  He will not come tomorrow, will he?

Past Simple  I was at school yesterday. I was at school yesterday, were not I(weren’t I)?

Present Perfect  You have sent the parcel. You have sent the parcel, haven't you?

Ex. 59 Задайте  все типы вопросов к предложениям. 

1) Kate goes to the theatre every month. 2) My sisters  get up at 6 o’clock. 3) Mike plays on the computer every day. 4) My parents work in a bank. 5)  The boys are running about in the garden. 6)He reads interesting books in the original.7) Tom usually plays  in the garden. 8) We sometimes eat  at a restaurant.9) School year begins in September.10) She is cooking a Christmas dinner now. 11)  My book is lying  on the table. 12) We are cooking dinner. My mother is making a salad. 13) My grandfather  reads  book every evening.

Ex. 60 Задайте  все типы вопросов к предложениям. 

1. I am writing a composition now. 2. A child is drinking  milk now. 3. She goes for a walk after dinner. 4. They go to the theatre every Sunday. 5. He is reading now. 6. We are playing now. 7. My mother  works at a factory. 8. My aunt works in a shop.9. My friend  lives in St. Petersburg. 10. The children are sleeping now. 11. The children play in the yard every day. 12. They  go to the stadium on Monday. 13. She  reads  in the evening. 14 His father works at this factory 15. You are  playing chess now. 16. Sandra always gets up early in the morning. 17. He is dancing with his girl-friend at the disco now.18 . Peter has some problems with Maths.19 . They are climbing the mountains without a guide. 20. John and his friends  go to the library.  21. I am doing well in lots of subjects. 22. A young man is driving a car.23. My granny often tells us  long  interesting  stories.24 . She works at  school.

Ex.61   Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple или Present Continuous.Задайте  все типы вопросов к предложениям. 

1. Не often (go) to the cinema. 2. They (watch) TV at the moment. 3. She (write) letters to her mother every week. 4. Nina usually (drive) to work. 5. Father (sit) on the sofa now. 6. Listen. The telephone (ring). 7. Tim (study) a new language every year. 8. We always (spend) the summer in York. 9. In summer we usually (go) to the seaside. 10. Look at Tom. He (ride) a horse.

              Future Simple (Indefinite) Tense.  Будущее простое время

            Future Simple (Indefinite) употребляется для выражения однократных или повторяющихся действий, которые совершатся в будущем.

Future Simple (Indefinite) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола will и первой основной формы смыслового глагола. В разговорной речи употребительны сокращения вспомогательных глаголов.( will + V)

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол will + основной  глагол(в первой форме)  + ...

I will see you tomorrow. They will be glad to meet you.

Слова-определители времени:            Tomorrow - завтра , next week – на следующей неделе, in three years – через 3 года

I will ring you up. (I'll ring you up.) She will be twenty next month. (She'll be twenty next month.)

You will find him in the library. (You'll find him in the library.)

В вопросительной форме вспомогательный  глагол will ставится перед подлежащим.

Вспомогательный глагол will +  подлежащее + основной  глагол(в первой форме)  + …..?

Will I read?    What will you do in the evening?

В вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов не изменяется, подлежащее меняем на who –кто или  what – что, вспомогательный глагол  will.

I will go on the excursion.

Who will go on the excursion?

Отрицательная форма Future Simple (Indefinite) образуется при помощи частицы not, которая ставится после вспомогательного глагола  will (возможны сокращения won't).

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол will +  not + основной глагол (в первой форме) +

He will not receive the telegram in time.Он не получит телеграмму вовремя. (He won't receive the telegram in time.)

Ex. 62 Раскройте скобки, употребляя. глаголы в Future Simple.

1. I  (help) you with your essay.2. She (be) here very late.3. They (come) at 9 o'clock.4. You (call) me tomorrow.5. I (use) the money effectively.6. They (return) as soon as possible.7. It (snow) tomorrow.8. It (be) very hot this summer.9. Dmitriy (pay) for it.10. Vera  (win) this game.11. Maybe she (stay) at home.

12. They (bake) some pies.13. I  (take) you with me next week.14. Alexander (stay) at home tonight.

15. They (do) this together.16. Next month (be) very exciting.17. People (invent) new things, trust me.

18. I (be) in Kiev next week.19. Valera (be) very pleased.20. Wait a second, I (do) this.21. We (catch) up with him.22. They (probably finish) next week.23. You (find) your glasses.24. It (be) rainy tomorrow.

Ex. 63  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple.

1. I (be) very busy at the beginning of January. We (have) our exams.2. This day (come) soon.

3. Who (join) me? Perhaps I (drive) to Moscow this weekend.4. You (help) me or not?

5. He (come) to see me next year.6. How long you (be) away? We (miss) you.7. She (have) lunch in fifteen minutes.8. I think I (get up) earlier tomorrow.9. Alex (help) Maria to pass her exam, I’m sure.

10. They (write) a test tomorrow at their English lesson.

Ex. 64 Поставьте глаголы в  Future Simple. Поставьте все типы вопросов к каждому предложению.

1. I (do) morning exercises.2. He (work) at a factory.3. She (sleep) after dinner.4. We (work) part-time.5. They (drink) tea every day.6. Mike (be) a student.7. Helen ( have) a car.8. You (be) a good friend.9. You (be) good friends.10. It (be) difficult to remember everything.

Ex. 65 Поставьте глаголы в  Future Simple. Поставьте все типы вопросов к каждому предложению.

1. Alice (have) a sister.2. Her sister’s name (be) Ann.3. Ann (be) a student.4. She (get) up at seven o'clock. 5. She (go) to the institute in the morning. 6. Jane (be) fond of sports. 7. She (do) her morning exercises every day. 8. For breakfast she (have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 9. After breakfast she (go) to the institute. 10. Sometimes she (take) a bus.11. It (take) her an hour and a half to do her homework. 12. She (speak) English well.13. Her friends usually (call) her at about 8 o’clock.14. Ann ( take) a shower before going to bed.15. She (go) to bed at 11 p. m.

Ex. 66 Расставьте слова в правильном порядке. Запишите предложения.

1.will, toboggan, he, Saturday, next. 2.ride  bikes, Billy, and, his friend, will, tomorrow. 3.in, park, the, Jill, badminton, will, play. 4.won’t, he, hide-and-seek, play, his, friends, with. 5.to, Russia, Tom, will, summer, go, next. 6.a, snowman, she, make, will, funny, winter, in.

Ex. 67 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.

1. What you (do) here? I (wait) for a friend. 2. He (speak) French? Yes, he (speak) French well. 3. It  (be) cold next January.4 Someone (knock) at the door. 5. Don’t go into the classroom. The students (write) a dictation there. 6 We (fly) to London next month.7. The man who (read) a book is our English teacher. 8 I  (learn) English next year. 9. Let’s go for a walk. It (not/rain). 10. Where is Joe? He (look for) his key.  11 They (dance) and sing tomorrow.12. Don’t disturb Ed. He (do) his homework. 13 Ann and Mike (play) chess tomorrow.14.We usually (watch) TV One but tonight we (watch) TV Two for a change.15 My father (be) in London next week.16 What’s that noise? Sam (play) ball.

Ex. 68. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple, Future Simple или Present Continuous.

1. Elephants (not/eat) meat. 2. He (go) to the cinema once a week. 3 Where you (go) next summer?. 4 He (not/watch) always a good film. 5. Uncle George always (come) to dinner on Sundays. 6. He (not/work) on Sundays, of course. 7. I (not  see) him tomorrow.8 Look! A big white bird (sit) in our garden.

9. Give Ben lots of apples. He (like) them. 10 What you (do) tomorrow? 11. It’s quiet because the children (stay) with their grandmother. 12 You (read) this book next week?13. I’m sorry, he can’t come to phone. He (cook) dinner. 14. You (hear) anything? I (listen) hard, but I (hear) nothing.15 She (dance) tomorrow? 16. They (need) money to buy a car. 17 What your friend (do) tomorrow? 18 He is very strong. Look! He (carry) a very heavy box. 19 Your brother (go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 20 I (not  learn) the poem now.

Ex. 69 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Continuous, Present Simple или в Future Simple.

1. Nick (go) to the park now. 2. You (come) to my place next Sunday? 3. You (read) books every day? 4. Where you (go) every morning? 5. Where you (go) now? 6. Look! Mary (dance). 7. He (go) to the theatre tomorrow. 8. We (go) to school in the morning.9. My brother (play) the guitar every evening. 10.They (not take) care of the garden next summer.11.What he (read) now? 12.You (give) me this book tomorrow? 13. She (live) in San Francisco. 14. My brother usually (not get) up at seven o'clock. As a rule, he (get) up at six o'clock, but tomorrow he (get) up at seven o'clock. 15. Our friends always (go) to the country for the week-end. 16.Your parents (watch) TV now? 17.When you (finish) your homework? It (be) very late, it (be) time to go to bed. 18. They (not drink) tea now. I (think) they (watch) TV. 19. My sister (not rest) now. She (help) mother in the kitchen. She (help) mother in the kitchen every day. 20. What you (do) now? I (see) that you (not read).

                                    Придаточные предложения времени и условия в Future Simple

(First Condtionals Условные предложения 1 типа)

В английском языке, как и в русском, все предложения разделяются на простые и сложные. А последние, в свою очередь, могут быть сложносочинёнными и сложноподчинёнными. Типичное сложноподчинённое предложение на английском языке:

If (when) the weather is fine, I’ll go for a walk – Если (когда) погода будет хорошая, я пойду гулять. Обратите внимание, что в примере на русском языке в обеих частях: в первой части (придаточной) и во второй части (главной), употребляется будущее время.В данном случае можно легко увидеть две составные части:

I’ll go for a walk – главное предложение (main clause) – используем Future Simple

if (when) the weather is fine – придаточное условия (condition clause) или времени (time clause) –

             используем Present Simple

Придаточная часть предшествует главному предложению или следует за ним. Союз подскажет, где начало придаточной конструкции. Мы определяем, ставить will или нет, не по союзам (when, if, during, while, after etc.) а по вопросам «когда?» и «при каком условии?» к придаточному предложению.

В придаточной части предложения времени и условия после союзов

If-если, when-когда, as soon as- как только, till-до тех пор, before- перед тем как, after- после того как, until- до тех пор, как, while – во время      используется Present Simple, в главной части предложения используется Future Simple.

 Ex.  70.  Раскройте скобки, употребляя. глаголы в Future Simple или Present Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему)

1  When he (call) I (give) him a piece of my mind. 2 I (be) at home if you (need) anything. 3 They (be) in the gallery if you (decide) to speak to them. 4 If they (want) your advice,they (get) in touch with you. 5 If you (have) anything to report, put it in writing and send it to me. 6 I (write) you about it when I (have) time. 7 He (wait) until they (send) for him. 8 Не (be) all right when this (be) over. 9 I’d like to ask you a few more questions before you (go). 10 I (not know) when they (come) to see us. 11 Ask him if he (stay) for dinner. 12 I (wonder) if we ever (see) each other again. 13  I (be) not sure if they (be) in time. 14 He can’t tell us when the motor (start). 15  When the weather (get) warmer, I (start) practising again. 16 “Come in,” she said. “I (see) if he (be)  at home.”  17  Come and see me when you  (come)  up to town and we (talk) everything over. 18 If my friends (come) in, please ask them to wait in the picture gallery.19 He (want) to know if you (be) free tomorrow morning at 10.00. 20 I (wonder) when they (write) to us.

Ex. 71  Раскройте скобки, употребляя. глаголы в Future Simple или Present Simple.

1 I (be) down at your office at 12 tomorrow. 2 When things (get) a little more settled, we (come) to see you. 3 They can’t tell me when they (be) free. 4 Go straight on till you (come) to a fountain at the corner of the street; then turn left and you (find) this shop on your right. 5 When you (come) to the main road remember to stop and look both ways before you (cross). 6 Ask them when they (move) to a new flat. 7 “I want to get to the bottom of the valley.” - “You must be careful when you (go) down because the slope of the hill (be) very slippery.” 8  “I (be) glad when I (get) to the top!” 9 He doesn’t say when he (come) back. 10 “Give this message to your teachers as soon as you (come) to school,” said his mother. - “All right,” said the boy running out. - “I (be) sure it (be) still in his pocket when he (get) home tonight,” said his father.  11 If the patient (continue) to improve we (transfer) him to another ward. 12 “I (buy) some pot plants.” - “When you (buy) them?” - “The florist (bring) them. Perhaps he (bring) them in the afternoon.” 13 If you (look) at them, don’t smile. 14 Before we (talk) about it, I’d like to show you something. 15  If they (get) here on time, we can make it.16  There is a surprise waiting for him when he (get) home.17  Before you (leave), sir, I (give) you your present back. 18 If you (feel) better this afternoon, we (drive) to the coast. 19 Give him this message when you (see) him.20 If we (come) in time, we(find) them there.

Ex. 72 Раскройте скобки, употребляя. глаголы в Future Simple или Present Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему).

1 I think I (wait) here until your bus (come). 2. When you (see) Mr. Smith you (ask) him  to call immediately. 3. If the rain (not stop) there (be) a flood. 4. He (leave) before you (get) our message. 5. If all (go) well we (land) tonight. 6. My sister (take care) of my luggage while I (get) my ticket. 7. Tomorrow if the weather (be) good we (go) to the country. 8. We (stay) in the waiting-room while Robert (look) for a porter. 9.I (make) you a nice cup of tea as soon as the water (boil). 10. If you (come) past six o'clock you (not find) him waiting.11 I (do) it as soon as I (get) book 12. If you (be) so excited you hardly (be able) to think.

Ex.73 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему).

1. After I (finish) school, I (enter) the University. 2. If I (see) him, I (tell) him about their letter. 3. We ( gather) at our place when my brother (come) back from Africa. 4. I (sing) this song with you if you (tell) me the words. 5. I hope you (join) us when we (gather) in our country house the next time. 6. What you (do) when you (come) home? 7. If I (stay) some more days in your town, I (call) on you and we (have) a good talk. 8. He (go) to the Public Library very often when he (be) a student. 9. As soon as I (return) from school, I (ring) you up. 10. You (pass) many towns and villages on your way before you (arrive) in Los Angeles. 11.1 (stay) at home till she (come). Then we (go) to the theatre if she (bring) tickets. 12 When he (return) to St. Petersburg, he (call) on us.

Ex. 74 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Future Simple. (Все предложения относятся к будущему).

1Before he (start) for London, he (spend) a day or two at a rest-home not far from here. 2. What he (do) when he (come) home? 3. Where they (go) if the weather (be) fine? 4. He (ring) me up when he (return) home. 5. If it (rain), we (stay) at home. 6. She (walk) home if it (not  be) too cold. 7. I am sure he (come) to say good-bye to us before he (leave) the city. 8. Please turn off the light when you (leave) the room. 9. If we (be) tired, we (stop) at a small village half-way to our city and (have) a short rest and a meal there. 10. If you (miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 11. She (make) all the arrangements about it before she (fly) there. 12. I (see) you before you (to start)?

Ex. 75  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple  и Present Simple.

1.We (begin) as soon as Tom (be ready). 2. I (stay) here until it (to get) warmer. Mother (bring) us cakes when she (go) out. 3. If he (have) time he (come) to us. 4. The secretary (not leave) until I (send)  a message. 5. She (be) very happy if you (take) her to the theatre. 6. We (go) swimming as soon as school (be) over. 7. She (be) a good actress if she (work) hard. 8. I (open) the door when father (ring). 9. I (see) him again if he (not come) today.10.I (notify) you as soon as I (hear) from her.11.You (not go) until I (know) the truth. 12. He (come) every day to help you with your work while I (be) away. 13. You (have) a chocolate if you (be) good.

Ex.76  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous or Future Simple

1. ‘When he (get) up every day?’ ‘He (get) up at 8 o’clock.’2. They (not drink) coffee now. I (think) they (watch) TV.3. When he (return) to London next week, he (call) us.4. Our friends always (go) to the country for the weekend.5. Look! The kitten (play) with its tail.6. What your brother usually (drink) in the evening?7. We (have) an English lesson now.8. ‘Listen! Who (speak) in the next room?’ ‘I (listen) very attentively, but I (hear) nothing.’9. If it (not rain) tomorrow, we (not stay) at home.10. Don’t go out: it (rain) heavily. You (get) wet through if you (not take) an umbrella.11. ‘Have you done your homework?’ ‘Yes, I have. And now I (want) to watch TV.’12. I (have) no time now, I (have) dinner.13. ‘Where your sister (be) now?’ ‘She (do) her homework in the next room.’14. Why she (come) home so late tomorrow?15. What you (do) now? I (see) that you (not sleep).16. Before he (start) for London tomorrow, he (visit) our office.17. Nick (know) English rather well now.18. When your lessons usually (begin) on Monday?19. Tomorrow he (go) to the library after he (finish) his homework.20. ‘Where you (be) tomorrow?’ ‘I (be) at home.

Past Simple (Indefinite) Tense.

Прошедшее простое ( неопределенное) время.

Past Simple (Indefinite) обозначает действия или состояния, происходившие в какой-то период в прошлом и не связанные с моментом речи. Past Simple (Indefinite) — форма, типичная для описания прошедших событий.

Слова-определители времени: Yesterday - вчера, two days ago – два дня назад, last year – в прошлом году .

Victor hurried to the station, went to the booking-office and bought two tickets.

      The show finished at 11 o'clock.

Past Simple (Indefinite) образуется: (V2, V-ed)

Если глагол неправильный используется его  вторая  форма( смотри таблицу неправильных глаголов) , которая не изменяется по лицам и числам, за исключением глагола to be (was – единственное число, were - множественное).

I spent a lot of time at the library last month.

Если глагол правильный (т.е. его нет в таблице неправильных глаголов) к его первой форме прибавляется окончание   - ed : ask – asked

He worked hard at his composition.

Особенности прибавления окончания -ed

1 Если глагол оканчивается на букву y, перед которой стоит согласная, то y переходит в i - study [ˈstʌdɪ] изучать - studied изучал.

2 Если глагол оканчивается на «немое» e, то прибавляется только d - live [lɪv] жить - lived жил.

3 Если глагол оканчивается на согласную, которой предшествует краткий ударный гласный звук, то согласная удваивается - plan [plæn] планировать - planned планировал.

Вопросительная форма образуется с помощью вспомогательного глагола  did, который ставится перед подлежащим. Смысловой глагол употребляется в первой основной форме.

Вспомогательный глагол did +  подлежащее + основной  глагол(в первой форме)  +…..?

I liked the match. Did you like the match?        When did the train arrive?

 Вопросы к подлежащему образуются, без вспомогательного глагола  did.

Подлежащее заменяем на  who –кто или  what – что.

It happened yesterday.             We were absent today.

What happened yesterday?             Who was absent today?( to be всегда в форме was)

Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола did, частицы not и смыслового глагола в первой основной форме.

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол did +  not + основной глагол (в первой форме)+…

I did not know you were ill.

В разговорной речи в отрицательной форме обычно употребляется сокращение didn't [didnt].

 I didn't know you were ill.

Для справок:

1. Глагол to be в Past Simple (Indefinite) меняется по лицам.

I was ill.                       We were absent.

You were right.            You were at school at that time.

           He (she, it) was late.    They were at the theatre.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы Past Simple глагола to be образуются без помощи вспомогательного глагола.
Where were you at eight yesterday?   Was he at home at 8 o'clock?   It was not very cold.

2.С оборотом there was (there were) употребляется отрицательное местоимение no, как и в Present Simple.There was no rain for two months.

3. При образовании отрицательной формы Past Simple  глагола to have используется отрицательное местоимение no.                             I had no letters for many weeks.

  Ex.77  Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.

1 Mr Smith (wash) his car yesterday morning. 2 Mrs Smith (water) plants in the garden.3  Then they (clean) the yard and (play) chess. 4 In the evening their boys (listen) to  the music and (watch) TV. 5 Their little sister (play) dolls and then (cry)  a little. 6 In the evening the children (brush) their teeth and went to bed. 7 What did the family ( do) yesterday? 8 Aunt Nelly (to work) in the kitch­en all day.9  She (to bake) a delicious apple pie. 10 Then she (to wash) the dishes and (to look) very tired.11  In the evening she (to relax) and (to talk) on the phone.

Ex. 78 Заполните таблицу

 -ED                    -D                      -IED               Двойн. Согл. + -ED

jumped               smoked            fried                     rubbed

Laugh, stay, hop, hate, study, like, carry, cook, hurry, drop, enjoy, kiss, love, tidy, change, visit, try, stop, pat, ask, bake, ban, cry, sip

 Ex. 79  Вставьте глагол was/ were или had.Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму                       

1) I .......at the stadium last Sunday. 2) Dam and Mary .......in America a year ago.3)We .....in Moscow yesterday. 4) Mike ........at school last Monday. 5) We .........in Tambov a week ago. 6)The weather … cold and rainy. 7) Her children … not at home. 8) They … not in the garden. 9) They … not in the yard.

10)There  …  food in the fridge. 11)There …  vegetables, there …  juice. 12) There … bread in the house. 13) The men … black boots.14) My mother … a long dress.15) The children … green shorts. 16) The woman … a nice skirt.17) The man …a black shirt.18) The boy … a white T-shirt.

  Ex.80  Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple.

Last weekend we (go) to Edinburgh  by train from London. We (stay) at a hotel. It (be) cold and windy when we (arrive) in Scotland, but the hotel (be) warm and comfortable. On Sunday morning we (get up) at 8 o’clock and (have) a good breakfast. We (walk) around the city and (look) at the lovely shops. We (visit) the Edinburgh castle in the afternoon and (enjoy) sitting in the gardens. We (not/go out) in the evening, we (stay) in the hotel and (talk) to some people from America.

Ex. 81 Поставьте все типы вопросов к предложениям. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.

1. Lena lived in Moscow in 1998. 2. She walked to the station. 3. The cat liked fish. 4. The students worked in the garden. 5. They went to the cinema yesterday. 6. She told us a very interesting story. 7. A strange woman came to our house yesterday. 8. I played the piano when I was a boy. 9. Last year I began to write a book.10. Yesterday I had five lessons at school.

Ex. 82  Поставьте все типы вопросов к предложениям. Сделайте предложения отрицательными.

1) I had six lessons last Tuesday.2) The first lesson was Russian.3) We wrote a dictation. 4) My friend went to the blackboard and wrote the date.5) I went to the canteen after the third lesson. 6) I ate a salad and a sandwich.7) After school I took a bus and went to the library.8) In the library I read a book.9)Then I played snowballs in the yard.10) In the evening I cleaned my teeth and went to bed.

Ex. 83  Составьте вопросы из данных слов. Ответьте на них. Помните о порядке слов в предложении.

1. in the morning/you/when/get/up/did? 2. for dinner/last night/have/what/you/did? 3. did/by train/last time / you/when/travel? 4. do/what/last Sunday/you/did? 5. did/last summer/go/where/you? 6. visit/you/an art gallery/last time/did/when? 7. go/you/how/to work/did/on Monday?

Ex. 84 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple.

1.She ( make) tea for her guests. 2. We ( know) everything about that event. 3. He ( think) much about this problem. 4.I ( be) wrong and apologized to him. 5. He (not  realize) his mistakes. 6. When you ( speak) to him? — I ( speak) to him only yesterday.7.She (not  get) letters from her son last month.8.He ( go) to the airport to meet his brother. 9. What you ( do) yesterday evening? — Nothing in particular. We ( watch) TV and ( look) through newspapers. 10. I ( understand) the article well. 11. I ( listen to) this music. 12. I ( find) many good stories in this book. 13. The students ( spend) must time in the library. 14. She ( make) many mistakes in her test. 15. They( read) many English books.

Ex. 85 В предложениях описаны события, которые происходили прошлым летом. Представьте, что эти события произойдут будущим летом.

1.I was in America a year ago. 2.Where were your parents last summer? 3. It was in July. 4. There was no fruit in May. 5. Did you roller-skate? 6. She bought a new dress, didn’t she? 7. My mom taught my brother to swim.

Ex.86  Поставьте глаголы в следующих предложениях в прошедшем и будущем временах.

1. There is a large forest near our city. 2. There are many berries and mushrooms there. 3. There is always much work to do about the house. 4. There is no need to begin all over again. 5. There is nothing to do but to wait. 6. Are there any museums in your home town? 7. There will be no vacant seats in the stalls. 8. There will be an interesting lecture on literature tomorrow. 9. There is a sofa and two armchairs in our living-room. 10. There is always much light in this room.

Ex. 87  Сделайте предложения отрицательными.

Например: I felt bad. I didn’t feel good. Я чувствовала себя плохо, я не чувствовала себя хорошо.

1.Yesterday my sister felt sick, she __ good.2.We met Susan yesterday, we __ Helen.3.At the lesson we read an English book, but we __ a Russian book.4.The road led to the theater, it __to the museum.5.The children slept in the afternoon and they __ at night.6.My boss left in the afternoon, he __ in the morning.7.We kept no secrets, we __ any secret at all.8.Loran dreamt about a new bag, she __ about new shoes.9.The children fed a cat, they __ a dog.10.My granny swept the floor, my mother _ it.

Ex. 88  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. He (spend) last summer in the country.  2. You (go) to school every day? 3.  What your brother (do) every day? 4.  Where he ( spend) last summer? 5. She (help) mother yesterday. 6. What your brother ( do) yesterday? 7. You (go) abroad last summer? 8. How she (help) mother yesterday? 9. Kate (cook) dinner every day. 10. Kate (cook) dinner tomorrow. 11. I (not  eat) ice-cream tomorrow. 12. Kate (cook) dinner yesterday. 13. I (not eat) ice-cream every day. 14. I (not eat) ice-cream now.15. Kate (cook) dinner now. 16. I (not eat) ice-cream yesterday. 17. He (not spend) last summer in the country. 18. You (go) to school now? 19. You ( go) to the south next summer? 20. She (help) mother yesterday? 21. He (spend) last summer in the country? 22. What your brother (do) now? 23. What your brother (do) tomorrow? 24. She (not help) mother yesterday.

Ex. 89  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. Mother ( cook) a very tasty dinner yesterday. 2. Tomorrow Nick (not go) to school. 3. Look! My friends (play) football. 4. Kate (not write) letters every day. 5. You (see) your friend yesterday? 6. Where you (spend) last summer? 7. What Nick (do) yesterday? 8. When Nick (get) up every morning? 9. Where your mother (go) tomorrow? 10. You (write) a dictation tomorrow? 11. He (not play) the piano tomorrow. 12. We (see) a very good film last Sunday. 13. Your mother (cook) every day? 14. We (make) a fire last summer. 15. I (spend) last summer at the seaside. 16. Your father (go) on a business trip last month? 17. Where he ( spend) next summer? 18. What mother (do) now? — She (cook) dinner. 19. I (not play) computer games yesterday. 20. Last Sunday we ( go) to the theatre. 21. I ( meet) my friend yesterday. 22. I (write) a letter to my cousin yesterday. 23. I (invite) my friends to come to my place tomorrow.24. I (not write) a report now.

Ex. 90 Составьте предложения в  Present Simple, Past Simple, Future Simple & Present Continuous.

  1.(Granny / teach me English / now) 2.(They / speak English / at the moment) 3.(He / use the computer / every day) 4.(We / learn new rules / tomorrow) 5.(I / do lessons / two days ago) 6.(Granny / teach me English / when I was seven) 7.(She / speak English well / soon) 8.(He / use the computer / now) 9.(We / learn the rules / at the moment) 10.(I / do lessons / now)

Ex. 91  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present или Past Simple.

1. My friend (know) English very well. 2. Who ( ring) you up an hour ago? 3. He (live) on the third floor. 4. It (take) you long to find his house yesterday? 5. When your lessons ( be) over on Monday? (обычно) 6. I (have) dinner with my family yesterday. 7. Her friends ( be) ready at five o'clock. 8. One of her brothers (make) a tour of Europe last summer. 9. Queen Elizabeth II ( be) born in 1926. She (become) Queen of England in 1952. 10. You always ( get) up at seven o'clock? — No, sometimes I(get) up at half past seven.

Ex. 92 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1. We ( go) on a tramp last Sunday. 2. Your brother (go) to the country with us next Sunday? 3. Granny (not cook) dinner now. 4. We (cook) our meals on a fire last summer. 5. My sister ( wash) the dishes every morning. 6. When you ( go) to school? 7. What you ( prepare) for breakfast tomorrow? 8. You (invite) your cousin to stay with you next summer? 9. How you (help) your sister last summer? 10. I (send) a letter to my friend tomorrow. 11. Every morning on the way to school I (meet) my friends. 12. My friend (go) to the library every Wednesday. 13. He (not go) to the country yesterday. 14. Why you (go) to the shop yesterday? 15. We (grow) tomatoes next summer. 16. What you (do) now? 17. He (sleep) now. 18. Where your father (work) last year? 19. You (go) to the south next summer! 20. He (not watch) TV yesterday. 21. Yesterday we (write) a test-paper. 22. I ( buy) a very good book last Tuesday. 23. My granny (not buy) bread yesterday. 24. What you ( buy) at the shop tomorrow? 25. Don't make noise! Father ( work).

Ex. 93  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Continuous, Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple.

1You (be) at the theatre yesterday. You (like) the opera?  Oh yes, I (enjoy) it greatly.You (go) to London next summer? 2. Both children and grown-ups ( be) fond of sports. 3. What (be) the matter with her? She (be) so excited. - I (not know). 4. Where you (go)? I (go) to the to see the  match which (take) place there now. 5. You (know) that a very interesting match (take) place last Sunday? 6. He (go) to the south a week ago. 7. When I (be) about fifteen years old, I (enjoy) playing football. 8. Our football team ( win) many games last year. 9. Where (be) Barry? - He (play) chess with his friend. 10. I (be) sorry I (miss) the match yesterday. But I (know) the score. It (be) 4 to 2 in favour of the NTP team. 11. Nellie ( leave) for Jacksonville tomorrow. 12. I (be) in a hurry. My friends (wait) for me. 

Ex. 94 Present Simple, Present Continuous or Future Simple?

1. He (phone) you tomorrow when he (get) home from work.2. ‘I (be) very busy now.’ ‘Why? What you (do)?’3. Tom (not be) lazy. He (work) hard every day.4. How often you (go) to the theatre?5. We (go) to England for our holiday next year.6. Wait for me! I (come) as soon as I (finish).7. ‘You (work) hard today!’ ‘Yes, I have а lot to do.’8. ‘What he usually (do) at weekends?’ ‘He usually (play) tennis.’9. I (read) а very interesting book at the moment.10. He is enjoying his holiday. He (have) а nice room in the hotel.11. You (be) hungry? You (want) something to eat?12. When I (come) home tomorrow, all my family (be) at home.13. ‘Where is Ann?’ ‘She (have) а bath.’14. You (see) that man over there? It’s our new teacher.15. Look! Kate (dance) again. She (dance) every day.16. How long it usually (take) you to get to school?17. John (not go) for а walk today until his mother (come) back from work.18. You (understand) me now?19. ‘Would you like а cigarette?’ ‘No, thanks. I (not smoke).’20. Let’s go out! It (not rain) any more.

Present  Perfect Tense.  Настоящее совершенное время

Present Perfect употребляется для описания событий, которые начались в недавнем прошлом, БЫСТРО пришли к окончанию и результат их виден в настоящем.

Слова-определители времени:

today- сегодня, this week/year/month-на этой неделе, already- уже, ever – когда-либо, never- никогда, yet - еще(в отрицательных предложениях со значением еще и в общих вопросах со значением уже), just- только что,   for (a long time)- долгое время, for two hours- в течение 2 часов, up to now- до сих пор, since – с тех пор;

She has already left for Moscow.                Она уже уехала в Москву.

Present Perfect в отличие от Past Simple(которое выражает действие, свершившееся в истекшем отрезке времени) выражает связь прошлого действия с настоящим благодаря наличию результата сейчас. Present Perfect никогда не употребляется в вопросах, начинающихся с вопросительного слова when).

Present Perfect Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола  have (has – в 3 лице ед. числа) , и третьей формы неправильного глагола, а к правильному глаголу прибавляется окончание –ed (причастия прошедшего времени (Participle II) смыслового глагола). (have/has + V3, V-ed)

При образовании вопросительной формы вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим.

Вспомогательный глагол (have, has)  +  подлежащее + основной  глагол(V3, V-ed)  + …..?

Have you learnt this   poem by heart?    -Yes, I have,             - No, I haven't learnt it yet.

В вопросах к подлежащему порядок слов не изменяется, подлежащее меняем на who –кто или  what – что, вспомогательный глагол всегда has .

We have just left home.

Who has just left home?

При образовании отрицательной формы отрицательная частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола.

Подлежащее + вспомогательный глагол (have, has) +  not + основной глагол (V3, V-ed) + …   .

We have not just left home.   

Ex. 95   Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect.

1.I don’t know this girl. I never (meet) her before. 2. “Where is Mother?” -  ’’She just (go) out.” 3. “Don’t you know what the film is about?”- ”No, I (not/see) it.” 4. Don’t worry about the letter. I already (post) it. 5. “Is he a good teacher?” -  “Oh yes, he (help) me a lot.” 6.1 know London perfectly well. I (be) there several times. 7 .1 can’t find my umbrella. I think, somebody (take) it by mistake. 8. “Do you speak Spanish?” -  “No, I never (study) it.” 9. "Do you know where they have gone?” -  “No, they (sell) their house and  (not/leave) their new address.”

Ex. 96 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple или Present Perfect.

1. Look! They (stop). 2.  I (want) to see you. I (not/see) you for ages! 3.“What (be) your name?” - “My name (be) always Cole.” 4. “You (read) this book?” - “Yes.” - “What you (think) of it?” 5 .1 (not/be) to a zoo before. It (be) a nice feeling to go somewhere you never (be) before. 6. “You (know) Nick?” - “Yes.” - “How long you (know) him?” - “I (know) him for 10 years.” 7. There (be) a lot of things I (want) to do for a long time and I (not/do) them. 8. You (realize) we (know) each other for quite a period of time now? And this (be) the first occasion you (ask) me to come with you. 9. “You (know) the girl who just (leave) the shop?” - “Yes, that (be) Bella York.” - “She (be) a customer of yours?” - “Not, exactly. She (be) here several times, but she never (buy) anything.” 10. Come in, I (be) awake since sun-up. 11.1 (not/see)  your pictures for a long time. Can I look round? 12. It’ll be good to see him again. How long he  (be) away? It (seem) ages. 13.1 (know) you nearly all my life, but I never (see) you so excited  about anything.

Ex. 97 Составьте предложения в Present Perfect                  

Например:My brother Greg/graduate/from the University.

                  My brother Greg has graduated from the University.

1.Father/get/a new job/in South Africa.2.He and Mother/leave/for Cape Town.3.Mary/marry/an architect/from Canada.4. I/pass/my/law/exams.5.I/meet/the man/for me.

Ex. 98 Составьте вопросы в Present Perfect

Например:(he/ever/paint/people)    Has he ever painted people?

1.  (you ever/be/to Scotland?) 2. (your parents/live/here all their lives?) 3. (you/hear/this concert?)

4.  (how many times/you/ be married?)5.  (he/ever/meet/the President?)6. (you/ever/visit/the White House?)

Ex. 99 Используйте глагол в скобках, чтобы закончить ответы на вопросы.

Например:Is he handsome? (seen)

               Yes, he is the most handsome man I’ve ever seen.

1. Is it a fast car? (drive)- Yes, it’s the fastest… . 2.  Is it a warm coat? (have) -  Yes, it’s the…  .

3.  Are they nice people? (meet) -  Yes, they are the … .

Ex. 100 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect.

1.He (finish) training. 2.She (score) twenty points in the match.3.We (watch) all the Champions League matches this season.4.That's amazing! She (run)  fifteen kilometers this morning!5.She (buy)  some really nice rollerblades!6.Oh, no! I (lose) my money! 7.My mum (write) shopping list. It's on the kitchen table.8.Dad, you (eat) my biscuit! 9.I’m tired. I (watch) three X-Files videos.10.Hurry up! They (start) the film!11.Mary (study) hard this year, so she'll pass her exams.12.Oh no! She (drop) the plate!13.The garden is very green. It (rain) a lot this month.14.These are my favourite trousers. I (have) them for five years.15.Tom's my best friend. I (know) him for three years.16.They (live) in Miami for two years.17.Jo has earache. He (have) it since 7 o'clock.18.Brad (live) in Chicago since 1998.

Ex 101  Поставьте глаголы в Past Simple or Present Perfect?

1. Tom (didn’t meet/hasn’t met) his sister since he was а child.2. Olga (lived/has lived) in England last year.3. I (lost/have lost) my key. I can’t find it anywhere.4. Look! Somebody (broke/has broken) my pen.

5. How many plays (did Shakespeare write/has Shakespeare written)?6. Do you know about Jane? She (gave up/has given up) smoking.7. I’m looking for Mike. (Did you see/Have you seen) him?8. Your car looks great. (Did you wash/Have you washed) it?9. Mr. Clark (worked/has worked) in а bank for 15 years. Then he gave it up.10. I don’t know this young woman. We (never met/have never met) before.11. When (did you write/have you written) this poem?12. Chaikovsky (was/has been) а great Russian composer.13. Mary isn’t at home. She (went/has gone) shopping.14. (Did you see/Have you seen) this film? It’s fantastic!15. Oh! I (cut/have cut) my finger. It’s bleeding.16. Where (were you/have you been) born?17. My parents (got/have got) married in а small village.18. Agatha Christie (wrote/has written) 68 novels.19. I’m very hungry! I (didn’t eat/haven’t eaten) anything today.20. When sending the telegram she (forgot/has forgotten) to write her name.

Ex  102  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1.I (meet) two of my friends today. I (meet) them on mу way to school. 2. A month ago my uncle (build) a new house in the country. We (visit) it recently and (enjoy) ourselves very much. 3. He (forget) to close the window when he (leave) the house. 4. He (write) several letters this week. 5. Where Helen (go)? I don't see her here. — She (go) home an hour ago. 6. When the concert (begin)? 7.1 don't think I ever (see) such a beautiful garden as this one. 8. Jack London ( be born) in San Francisco in an extremely poor family. 9. You (read) many books by Jack London? 10. How careless you are! You (break) your mother’s favourite cup.

Ex.103  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1.I never (hear) this story from my father. 2. He (be) a reader of this magazine for years. 3. She ( be) ill last week. 4.I cannot tell you whether I like this book, as I not (read) it. 5. My mother not (to come) home yet. 6. I (be) there last year. 7. When you last (see) him? 8.I cannot give you this book as I (give) it to Ann. When you (give) it to her? 9. The child (be) quite all right for the last two weeks. 10. It is cold today. The weather (change) since yesterday. 11. You ever (visit) this picture gallery? 12.I (lose) my textbook and cannot remember when I last (see) it.

Ex 104  Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Не never (be) in Germany. 2. He (not answer) my letter. 3. My mother (go) to the country a month ago. 4. His brother not (go) to school yesterday. 5. Where you (be) last night? 6. You (receive) a letter from your father this week? 7.I (see) Ann on Wednesday. 8. My mother just (go) out. 9. She never (read) this book. 10.I (not come) to you yesterday because I (be) very busy. 11. When you (write) a letter to your friend? — I (write) a letter to him this week. 12. How many books you (read) this week? 13. I (be) at the theatre five or six times last month. 14. I (reply) to his letter today. 15. They (lose) their way. 16. I (speak)  to him about it over and over again. 17. I (speak) to him about it yesterday. 18. He (be) in Vienna several times.

Ex. 105 Поставьте глаголы в  Past Simple or Present Perfect?

1. ‘He ever (be) to London?’ ‘Yes. he ___. Several times.’2. ‘What’s the news?’ ‘We (win) the tennis competition.’ 3. ‘When you (speak) to him?’ ‘We (meet) yesterday.’ 4. He (not call) me this month.  5. How long you (be) ill? 6. We (see) an interesting film the other day.7. I (know) them for 2 years. 8. You (be) happy when you (be) a child? 9. I always (travel) by plane. 10. Where is Tom? You (see) him? 11. It’s the most interesting film I ever (see). 12. The construction (start) in April. 13. She (not call) me since she (arrive) in Moscow. 14. They (not go) to the cinema last week. 15. We (have) too many tests today. 16. What you (do) last Sunday? 17. William Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays. 18. I (lose) my exercise-book. I can’t find it anywhere. 19. You (go) to the cinema yesterday? 20. You (meet) Ann lately?  21. It (not snow) this week. 22. You (see) the news on television last night? 23. Mike (leave) school in 1999.24. I don’t know where my brother is. You (see) him?25. ‘Where is your key?’ ‘I don’t know. I (lose) it.’

Ex. 106 Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Past Simple or  Present Perfect Tense.

1.In the morning, coming downstairs, Rosemary (see) Tony lying in the sitting room: What you (do) here? (sleep) here. I am sorry we (take)your room. 2. He's a night watchman. He works at night and (sleep) in the daytime. It's noon now, and he still (sleep). 3. I first (meet) Richard a month ago, and I (meet) him several times since then. 4. I usually (go) to bed before midnight. 5. I (sit) here all night and I swear I (not/doze) for a moment 6. What's your brother doing? - He (play) tennis with our neighbor, they (play) it every day 7. He wants to buy a car, but first he must learn how to drive, so he (take) driving lessons. 8.I (write) to my parents a fortnight ago, but I've not had a reply, so I just (write) again. 9. Where is my daughter? -She (talk) to a policeman. - What (happen)? - She has been driving without a license. 10. It's 3 p.m. and he (not/eat) anything today, but he (eat) a good dinner last night. 11. Is Mary ready to come out? - No, she still (dress). 12.I (read) this book several times. I first (read) it in 1990. 13. He often (read) detective stories; he (read) a very good one now. 14. She (not/have) a holiday since 1996, but she (have) a very long holiday in 1995. 15. We (stay) here for nearly a week.-I hope you (not/think) of leaving.

The Passive Voice

  Активный   залог(Active voice)                                Пассивный  залог (Passive Voice)

  Ann grows roses.                                                   Roses are grown  in greenhouses in winter                                       

  Аня выращивает розы                                         Розы выращиваются зимой в теплицах.

Форма Passive Voice образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be (в нужном времени) и причастия II ( 3я форма неправильного глагола или окончание ed правильного глагола)  смыслового глагола: to be grown -быть выращенным.

Пассивный залог показывает, что подлежащее не выполняет действие, а подвергается действию другого лица или предмета. Если указано, кем произведено действие, то употребляется предлог by, а если указано, чем произведено действие, - предлог with:

Пример:

Donald Duck was created by Walt Disney in 1936.Утенок Дональд был создан Уолтом Диснеем в 1936г.(Past Simple Passive)

Rice is eaten with chopstics in China. Рис едят палочками в Китае.(Present Simple Passive)

I ask - я спрашиваю                           I am asked - меня спрашивают

I asked- я спрашивал                         I was asked - меня спрашивали

I will ask - я спрошу                          I will be asked - меня спросят

Ex 107 Напишите 6 предложений в Passive Voice

Charlie Chaplin                  created                                         London.

Mickey Mouse                   made                                            Alexander Bell.

Penicillin                            born                    by                     Walt Disney

Fiat                                    discovered           in                       Shakespeare.

"Romeo and Juliet"            invented                                        Alexander Fleming

The telephone                    written                                           Italy.

Ex. 108 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Passive Voice.

 1 Walt Disney (родился be born) on December 5, 1901.2 The first Mickey Mouse cartoon (был нарисован draw) in 1928. 3 Donald Duck (был создан to create) in 1936. 4 The first full length-cartoon feature film, "Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs," (был сделан make) in 1937. 5 In 1955 Disneyland (был открыт to open) in California. 6 Disney World (был открыт to open) in Florida in 1971.7 Walt Disney died in California at the age of 65. 8 His films are still (показываются show) regularly at the cinema, and because of their timeless quality (будут показываться show) for years to come.

Ex. 109 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Passive Voice.

Christopher Wren (1632-1723)

     In the Great London Fire of 1666, 3,000 houses and 97 churches (были разрушены  destroy). After the Fire, London (был перестроен  build), but the new houses (были построены  build) of stone and brick instead of wood. The  streets (были сделаны  make) wider and open space  (было оставлено  leave) for squares. An opportunity to plan the new city of London (была дана give) to Sir Christopher Wren, the famous English architect. More then fifty new churches and a large number of houses   (были созданы  design) by Wren. St. Paul’s Cathedral (был создан design) by Christopher Wren in the Gothic style. Sir Christopher Wren (был похоронен bury) here at the age of 91.

Ex. 110 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Present Simple Passive.

1. English (speak) in many countries.2. The post (deliver) at 7 o’clock every morning.3. __ (the building/use) anymore?4. How often (the Olympic Games(hold)? 5. How (your name/spell)?6. My salary (pay) every month.7. These cars (not make) in Japan.8. The name of the people who committed the crime (not know). 9 The text (write) in pencil.10 The question (discuss) everywhere.11 Millions of letters (sent) every day.12 The table (cover) with a red cloth (скатерть).13 The chips (mount) on a heavy plastic board.14 The board (enclose) in a cabinet.15 Information (enter) into a computer by means of a keyboard.16 The computer's output (display) on a screen.17  The computer's digital signals (convert) into signals for transmission over telephone lines by means of a modem.

Ex. 111 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глагол в Past Simple Passive.

1. My car (repair) last week.2. This song(not write) by John Lennon.3. _(the phone/answer) by a young girl?4.The film (make) ten years ago.5.When(tennis/invent)?6The car (not damage) in the accident.

7.The original building  (pull) down in 1965.8.Where (this pot/make)?9When  (this bridge/build)? 10 The book (publish) in 2000.11The church (build) in the fifteenth century.12 The book (translate) into Russian several years ago.You can read it in Russian.13 In winter the ground (cover) with snow.

Ex. 112  Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. My car (damage) last night.2. This computer (make) in the USA.3. The machine (make) in Scotland.

4. The President (kill) last night.5. The money (change into dollars) at the bank.6. The parcel (post) yesterday.7. Cheese (make) from milk. 8 You will find this text on page 51. 9 They produced this new car only a year ago. 10 The teacher explained the rule to us. 11 They built a new bridge there. 12 Somebody will tell you what to do.13 People will show you the way to the circus.

Ex. 113 Перепишите предложения из Active в Passive.

1. The gardener has planted some trees. 2. Doctor Brown will give you some advice. 3. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel. 4. Fleming discovered penicillin. 5. Someone has broken the vase. 6. The postman delivers letters. 7. They built this church in 1815. 8. The policeman has arrested the thief. 9. The Queen will open a new library. 10.He is writing a book. 11 Someone is helping her with the work. 12. The teach explains new material at every lesson. 13. My mother has watered the flowers. 14. Lisa washes the dishes. 15. My father is cooking the supper. 16. They told me an interesting story yesterday.17. They offered him a cup of tea.18. They teach the children French and German.19. They will show us some new magazines.20. They gave him an invitation card to the party.21. The teacher always answers the students’ questions.22. The team will celebrate their victory tomorrow.23. I bought this book a week ago.24. They produce cars in this factory. 25. The police will arrest the robbers.

Ex. 114 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Passive Voice.

1. When the first restaurant (open) on the Moon?2. Pineapples (not grow) in England.3. The room (clean) yet? Can I use it? 4Where are the skis? They (repair) now? 5 The results (announce) tomorrow morning. 6 All the work (do) by 6 o’clock yesterday. 7. What kinds of medicines usually (make) from plants? 8. When I came to the office, the text already (translate). 9.Russia (rule) from Moscow.10 . I think the report (not write) by next Monday.11.The roads (cover) with the snow. 12.Chocolate (make) from cocoa. 13.The Pyramids (build) in Egypt.14. The stadium (open) next month. 15.Your parents (invite) to a meeting. 16.Where is your car?It (mend ремонтируется) at the moment.17The books already (pack).

Ex. 115 Перепишите предложения из Active в Passive.

1.Popov invented radio in Russia. 2.Every four years people elect a new president in the USA. 3.The police caught a bank robber last night. 4.Sorry, we don’t allow dogs in our safari park. 5.The postman will leave my letter by the door. 6.My mum has made a delicious cherry pie for dinner. 7.George didn’t repair my clock. 8.Wait a little, my neighbor is telling an interesting story.

Ex. 116 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Active или Passive

1. ‘When he (get) up every day?’ ‘He (get) up at 8 o’clock.’2. They (not drink) coffee now. I (think) they (watch) TV.3. When he (return) to London next week, he (call) us. 4The room (not clean) yet.5. Our friends always (go) to the country for the weekend.6. Mary isn’t at home. She ( go) shopping.7. Look! The kitten (play) with its tail. 8. How many plays (write)Shakespeare ?8. Your car looks great. …(wash) it?9. Mike (leave) school in 1999.10. I don’t know where my brother is. You (see) him? 11Mercedes cars (make) in Germany.12. What your brother usually (drink) in the evening?13. John is hungry. He (not eat) anything since breakfast.14. She (not go) to the library three days ago.15. How long you (know) Bill?16. We (have) an English lesson now.17.‘Listen!Who (speak) in the next room?’‘I (listen) very attentively, but I (hear) nothing.’18 In 1980 the Olympic Games (hold) in Moscow. 19. Look! Somebody (break) my pen.20 . If it (not rain) tomorrow, we (not stay) at home.21. Olga (lived/has lived) in England last year.22. Don’t go out: it (rain) heavily. You (get) wet through if you (not take) an umbrella.23. ‘Have you done your homework?’ ‘Yes, I have. And now I (want) to watch TV.’24. I (have) no time now, I (have) dinner.25 When the telephone (invent)? 26. Oh! I (cut/have cut) my finger. It’s bleeding.27. ‘Where your sister (be) now?’ ‘She (do) her homework in the next room.’28. Chaikovsky (was/has been) а great Russian composer.29.These houses (build) in 1500. 30.Why she (come) home so late tomorrow?

Ex. 117 Раскройте скобки. Поставьте глаголы в Active или Passive

1. What you (do) now? I (see) that you (not sleep).2. Before he (start) for London tomorrow, he (visit) our office.3. Nick (know) English rather well now.4. When your lessons usually (begin) on Monday? 5. Look! Kate (dance) again. She (dance) every day.6. When the first car (construct)? 7. How long it usually (take) you to get to school?8 . Tomorrow he (go) to the library after he (finish) his homework.9.‘Where you (be) tomorrow?’ ‘I (be) at home.’10. I (lose) my key. I can’t find it anywhere.11.He (shock) by the story at our last meeting.12. I’m looking for Mike. (you see) him? 13. (you see) this film? It’s fantastic!14 . It (not snow) this week.15. When the last train (leave)?16. ‘Would you like something to eat?’ ‘No, thanks. I just (have) lunch.’17. He is enjoying his holiday. He (have) а nice room in the hotel. 18. In 1980 the Olympic Games (hold) in Moscow.19 . You (be) hungry? You (want) something to eat? 20. When I (come) home tomorrow, all my family (be) at home. 21. ‘Where is Ann?’ ‘She (have) а bath.’ 22 .I (lose) my exercise-book. I can’t find it anywhere. 23. The room (not clean) yet.24 .You (go) to the cinema yesterday? 25. You (meet) Ann lately? 26 Today a lot of electronic goods (manufacture) in SouthEast Asia. 27 The translation (do) in time. Everyone was glad. 28. What he usually (have) for breakfast? 29. I ( be) in a hurry. My friends ( wait) for me. 30. Where your mother (go) tomorrow?

My Visit Card

                      Questions Вопросы                                                     Answers Ответы

1) What is your first name?                                                    My (first) name is Alexey.

       Как тебя зовут?                                                                               Меня зовут Алексей

2) What is your surname?                                                       My surname is Belov.

       Как твоя фамилия?                                                                           Моя фамилия Белов

3) How old are you?                                                                 I’m seventeen.

       Сколько тебе лет?                                                                             Мне 17 лет

4) Where do you study?                                                           I study at the Diversified college.

     Где ты учишься?                                                                  Я учусь в Многоотраслевом колледже.

5) What course are you in?                                                I’m a second ( third, fourth) – year student.

    На каком ты курсе?                                                                         Я на 2 (3,4) курсе

6) What nationality are you?                                                  I’m Russian.

   Какой ты национальности?                                                              Я русский(ая)

7) Where do you live?                                                              I live in Morshansk.

     Где ты живешь?                                                                                Я живу в Моршанске

8) Where were you born?                                                        I was born in Morshansk.

     Где ты родился(родилась)?                                                    Я родился(родилась) в Моршанске

9) When is your birthday?             My birthday is on the twenty-fifth of June, 2005 (twenty o five)

     Когда у тебя день рождения?                                             Мой день рождения 25 июня,2003

10)What is your address?My address is Russia,Tambov region, Morshansk, Lotikova street, 25, flat 8.

     Какой твой адрес?               Мой адрес Россия, Тамб. обл., Моршанск, ул. Лотикова, д.25, кв. 87.

11) What is your telephone number?            My telephone number is seven-four-eight-seven-five.

       Какой твой номер телефона?                                                        Мой номер телефона 7-48-75

12) Is your family large?                                 My family is not very large. We  are four in the family.

         У тебя большая семья?                                Моя семья не очень большая. Нас в семье четверо.

13) Are you an only child?                               Yes, I am.         No, I’m not. I’ve got a sister (brother).

          Ты единственный ребенок?                                 Да.           Нет, у меня есть сестра(брат)

14) What are your parents?                             My father is a worker, my mother is a book-keeper.

         Кем работают родители?                                   Мой папа рабочий, мама – бухгалтер.

15) What is your sister (brother)?                                              My sister is a pupil (student).

         Чем занимается твоя сестра(брат)?                                    Моя сестра ученица (студентка)

16) Have you got grandparents?                       Yes, I’ve got two grandmothers and a grandfather.

                                                                                        They are pensioners.

 У тебя есть бабушка и дедушка?             Да, у меня две бабушки и дедушка. Они пенсионеры

17) Have you got a hobby?                                 In my free time I like  listening to music,  reading, 

                                                                                        watching TV, playing computer games.                                                                         

 У тебя есть хобби?                                   В свободное время я люблю слушать музыку, читать,

                                                                         смотреть телевизор, играть  в комп.  игры.

18)  Have you got any pets?                   Yes, I love animals. I have a dog (a cat).Its name is Barry.

        У тебя есть домашние животные?           Да. Я люблю животных. У меня есть собака(кошка).

                                                                             Его(ее) зовут Бери.

19) What is your favourite sport? My favourite sport is basketball (shaping).It helps me to keep fit.

     Какой твой любимый вид спорта?                        Мой любимый вид спорта баскетбол(шейпинг).

                                                                                                              Он помогает мне быть в форме.

20) What kind of music do you like –classical, pop or rock music? I prefer pop music. My favourite

  Какую музыку ты любишь- классику,        group(singer) is “Silver”. I'm a music lover.

поп или рок музыку?                                        Я предпочитаю поп музыку. Моя  любимая группа  

                                                                                    (певец, певица) ...  . Я меломан.

21) Is your family friendly?         Yes, my family is very united and friendly. I love them very much.

   Твоя семья дружная?                   Да, моя семья очень сплоченная и дружная. Я очень их люблю.

Duty. Weather.     Дежурство. Погода

I am on duty today.                                        Я сегодня дежурный.

It is autumn (winter, spring, summer).           Сейчас осень( зима, весна, лето)

Today is      the first    of     September.              Сегодня первое сентября

                      the  second  of   October                                  второе октября

                      the third      of   November                              третье ноября

                      the fourth      of   December                               четвертое декабря

                      the fifth      of  January                                      пятое   января

                      the sixth     of  February                                   шестое февраля

                      the seventh of  March                                       седьмое марта

                      the eighth of  April                                           восьмое апреля

                      the ninth of  May                                              девятое мая

                      the tenth of June                                               десятое июня

                      the eleventh of  July                                         одиннадцатое июля

                      the twelfth of August                                       двенадцатое августа

                      the thirteenth                                                     тринадцатое

the fourteenth                                                    четырнадцатое

the fifteenth                                                        пятнадцатое

the sixteenth                                                        шестнадцатое

the seventeenth                                                   семнадцатое

the eighteenth                                                     восемнадцатое

the nineteenth                                                     девятнадцатое

the twentieth                                                      двадцатое

the twenty- first                                                 двадцать первое

the twenty- second                                            двадцать второе

the twenty- third                                               двадцать третье

the twenty- fourth                                             двадцать четвертое

the twenty- fifth                                                двадцать пятое

the twenty- sixth                                                двадцать шестое

the twenty- seventh                                           двадцать седьмое

the twenty- eighth                                              двадцать восьмое

the twenty- ninth                                                двадцать девятое

the thirtieth                                                        тридцатое

the thirty- first                                                   тридцать первое

Today is       Monday                                     Сегодня          понедельник

                     Tuesday                                                            вторник

                     Wednesday                                                        среда

                     Thursday                                                             четверг

                     Friday                                                                пятница

                     Saturday                                                            суббота

                     Sunday                                                              воскресенье  

In my opinion  the  weather is                                       По моему мнению погода

        good ( bad, so-so, fine).                                хорошая ( плохая, так себе, прекрасная)

    I think so, because                                               Я так думаю, потому, что

     the sun is (not) shining                        солнце светит (не светит)  

 the sky is blue(grey, covered with clouds, cloudless) небо голубое (серое,покрыто облаками, безоблачное)

                  it is raining (snowing)                           идет дождь (снег)

it is nasty (cold, cool, hot, warm)       пасмурно (холодно, прохладно,  жарко, тепло)

                  the  (strong) wind is blowing                (сильный) ветер дует

                  there are puddles of  water in the streets   на улицах лужи

                  the leaves are falling off                        опадают листья

 it is freezing (slippery, sleet, muddy)  морозно (скользко, дождь со снегом, грязно)

 The temperature is 7 degrees above/below zero.Температура воздуха 7 градусов выше/ниже нуля

   Ivanov       is absent.                                                     Иванов отсутствует.

   Ivanov, Petrov, Sidorov       are absent.             Иванов, Петров, Сидоров отсутствуют

   All are present.                                                                 Все присутствуют.                                    

   If.                                                                                 Если.

If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,                Останься прост, беседуя с царями,

Or walk with kings –nor lose the common touch;                 Останься честен, говоря с толпой;

If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;                     Будь прям и тверд с врагами и друзьями,

If all men count with, you but none too much;                      Пусть все, в свой час, считаются с тобой;

If you can fill the unforgiving minute                                    Наполни смыслом каждое мгновенье

With sixty seconds worth of distance run-                             Часов и дней неумолимый бег –

Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,                       Тогда весь мир ты примешь, как владенье,                                          

And – which is more - you’ll be a Man, my son!                   Тогда, мой сын, ты будешь Человек!               

                                                      by Rudyard Kipling                              Перевод  М.Лозинского

Компьютерные термины

  1) Cdrom — CD-ROM      Close — закрыть         Click — клик, кликнуть       Copy — копия, копировать   Cut — вырезать  Command — команда     Database — база данных   Delete — удалять  Digital — цифровой File — файл  Find — находить    Font — шрифт   Format — формат     Graphic — графический     Icon — значок, иконка  Hardware — аппаратные средства      Input — вход        Interactive — интерактивный  Internet — интернет  Keyboard — клавиатура    Help — помощь  Memory — память    Menu — меню      Modem — модем  Mouse — мышь     Multimedia — мультимедиа   Network — сеть  Numeric — числовой     Open — открытый  Output — выход 

2)    Paste — вставить    Peripheral — внешние устройства     Printer — принтер    Processing — обработка   Replace — заменять        Save — сохранять   Scanner — сканер      Search — поиск  Select — выбирать  Software — программное обеспечение    Text — текст, печатать   next – далее    cancel – отменить  to close all other application – закрыть все приложения    accept – принять       restart – перезагрузка  Mousepad  – коврик для мышки Flash drive – флешка Power strip – удлинитель Motherboard – материнская плата Hard disk – жесткий диск        Random access memory – оперативная память Floppy disk drive — дисковод  Link – ссылка Hard link – прямая ссылка  Home page – домашняя страница  Hyperlink – гиперссылка     Download – загрузка History – история       Internet address – интернет-адрес   

  3)    Join – соединение    Net – сеть       E-mail – е-майл Spam – спам    Off  line — офф лайн     Port – порт  Server – сервер      Traffic – трафик      Trojan horse – троян User – пользователь     Web page – веб-страница       Web site – вебсайт       Weblog – блог   Forum – форум  Browser – браузер         Log in – вход     World-Wide Web – всемирная паутина Program – программа  Programming – программирование   Software – программное обеспечение    Data processing – обработка данных Main program – главная программа    Processing program – обрабатывающая программа Testing – тестирование Recovery program – восстанавливающая программа      Install – установить    Instruction – инструкция Demo version – демонстрационная версия        Freeware – бесплатное программное обеспечение Algorithm – алгоритм   

4)      Menu bar – панель меню    Prompt – подсказка    Exit – выход     Uninstall – деинсталлировать         Update – обновление    Listing – распечатка  File store – хранилище файлов   Cipher – шифр    Copy – копировать Insert – вставлять      Delete – удалять, исключать     Gap — пробел       Сеll – ячейка      A scrollbar – полоса прокрутки Label – метка     Colon – двоеточие    Comma – запятая     Quotation marks – кавычки    Bracket – скобка  Semicolon – точка с запятой     Line – строка    Font – шрифт Font size/ style/ weight – размер/ стиль/ жирность шрифта Erasing – стирание       Copy protect – защита от копирования     Word processing – обработка текста   Device – устройство    Device driver – драйвер устройства    Password – пароль    Recycle bin – корзина    

5) Tool bar – панель инструментов    blank - чистый   custom – нестандартный  content - содержимое   decrease – уменьшить  current – текущий  compatibility – совместимость  description – описание   decimal – десятичный   apply – применить   cancel – отменить   backup - запасная копия   bug - ошибка   browse - просматривать   add – добавить   dark - темный   abort - прервать continue - продолжать    buffer – буфер   between – между  button - кнопка   dash - нижняя черта below – ниже   allocation - резервирование места   clean - очистить   call - вызов   bus - шина    choice – выбор   bottom – низ   activate - активировать

6)      default - по умолчанию bold - жирный background - фон degree - ступень  account - счёт complete - полный backspace - назад align - выровнять boot-старт  системы confirm - подтвердить correct - исправить denied - запрещённый constant - постоянный access – доступ break - прервать build-in - встроенный connect - соединить character - буква, символ delete - удалить coprocessor - сопроцессор advanced - расширенный  create - создать case - выбор fill-выполнить feature-особенность halt-остановить handbook-учебник failure-неудача general-общий disable-отключить

7)  edit-редактировать few-несколько frame-фрейм (рамка) fit-помещать duplicate-дублировать guide-руководство пользователя entire-целый execute-выполнить draft-черновой direction-направление fail-приостановить exchange-сменить extend-расширенный feed-подавать exist-существовать direct-постоянный (прямой) directory(dir)-директория, каталог harddisk-жесткий диск environment-среда  field-поле error-ошибка external-внешний fault-ошибка в программе executable(exe)-выполняемый found-найденный expect-ожидать design-проект floppy-гибкий font-шрифт dot-точка

8) finally-окончательный fast-быстрый escape-выйти done-выполнено example-пример half-половина destination-цель, приемник exact-точный frequently-часто forwards-вперед exception-исключение erase-удалить floating-переменный enable-выключить great-большой extension-расширение export-экспортданных key-клавиша inch-дюйм hold-держать label-метка light-светлый integer-целое (данное) hit-нажать letter-буква header-заголовок invisible–невидимый introduction-вступление load-загрузить

9) home-началостроки (текста) layout-общий вид immediately-немедленно italic-курсив incorrect–некорректный hint-подсказка lock-закрыть hardware-программное обеспечение level-уровень keyword-ключевое слово   main-главный   hidden-скрытый   high-высокий   keyboard-клавиатура interrupt–прерывание   locate-поместить   issue-результат   I/O(input/output)-вход/выход  keep-хранить  low-низкий  login-включить  insufficient-слишком мало  local-локальный message-сообщение insert–вставить  invalid-неправильный (неожидаемый)  include-вставить  lost–потерянный   hide-скрыть  link-ссылка

10)  mark-пометить height-высота inside-внутри merge-добавить highlight-подсветлить (выделить) internal-внутренний length–длина illegal–неразрешенный  manual-руководство

missing-отсутствующий   provide-гарантировать   place-поместить   plug-вставить OS(operatingsystem)-оперативная система previous-предыдущий quality-качество quote-апостроф readerror-ошибка чтения  proper-собственный  press-нажать  property-свойство  necessary–необходимый  pick-выбрать  plot-рисовать  question-вопрос  prepare-приготовить  point-точка period-период  outline-внешняя линяя

11) primary-первый (начальный) multiple-многократный more-больше move-передвигать moveable-переносимый path-путь null-отсутствие данных particularly-подробный quick-быстрый random-случайный priority-приоритет overflow–переполнение out of space-нет места owner-владелец output-выход paste-вставить (вклеить) permanent-постоянный panel-панель put-выслать (данные) pull-тянуть pattern–вид overload-перезагрузка note-пометка pipe-потокданных purpose-цель push-нажать outside-вне pagination-нумерация страниц rather-иначе pack-упаковывать

12) quit-выход override-переполнение  storage-память reverse-обратный recall-вызвать снова remember-помнить record-запись software-программное обеспечение specify-определить run-запустить refreshing-обновление remote–удаленный row-ряд,строка subdirectory–подкаталог reference-ссылка swap-поменять местами support–поддержка scientific–научный speed–скорость recognize-распознать sound-звук screen-экран rename-переименовать request-задание reserve-резервировать remove-удалить ready–готов resolution-разрешение string-строка rebuild-перестроение

13)  re-format-переформатировать rest-остаток receive-взять, отобрать retry-повторить spacing-отступ sort-сортировать require-требовать store-сохранить return–вернуть reset–сбросить right–правый save-сохранить scroll-пролистать search-искать replace-заменить stack-стек statement-заявка scratch-зачеркнуть switch-переключить reboot-перезагрузка restore–перезаписать repeat-повторить room–место space-место several – несколько turn on/off - включить/выключить upgrade - усовершенствование write- protect -защищенный от записи unit - модуль

14) use–использовать setting - установка temporary - временный unformatted - неформатированный way - путь, способ shape - форма upper - верхний typical - типичный sequential- связывающий setup - установка until - вплоть до… simple - простой serial - серийный useful - используемый single - единственный width - ширина send - выслать size – размер sheet - лист separator - разделитель task - запрос select - выбрать terminate - закончить shift - поднятие self-test - самотестирование try - пробовать target – цель unreadable – нечитаемый undo - отменить (вернуть) type – печатать

 15) unpack - распаковать show - показать wordwrap - перенос текста secondary - второй wait – ждать shell - оболочка unerecoverable – незаписываемый toggle – пересчитать shadow - тень set - установка template – шаблон unselect - снять выделение warning - предупреждение  update – обновить subroutine- подпрограмма template-шаблон   temporary-временный promote -продвигать   terminate- закончить sufficient -достаточный sophisticated - сложный, «продвинутый transfer —перемещать, пересылать  provide- предоставлять  simultaneous -одновременный prevail –преобладать a reliable alternative-надежная альтернатива a fee-плата to transmit-передавать constantly-постоянно to intercept-прерывать encoding-зашифрованный

The Internet

The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them. One such packet-switching network already survived a war. It was the Iraq computer network, which was not knocked out during the Gulf War. Most Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairy accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions and their number is growing by thousands each month world-wide. The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of people, who have access to the Internet, use the networks only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: reading news, using the World Wide Web, telnet etc.

Words and word combinations:

a network-нейронная сеть  to embrace-соединять to survive-пережить a nuclear war-ядерная война a path-путь a single route-единственный маршрут a packet switching-пакетная коммутация owing to-вследствие, благодаря a nuclear explosion-ядерный взрыв to knock out-выключать a fairy accurately-сказочно точно an access-доступ the wireless station-радиостанция drastically-решительно to transmit-передавать constantly-постоянно to intercept-прерывать encoding-зашифрованный to conduct transaction-вести дела host-множество

Give the English equivalents for:

Глобальная компьютерная сеть, ядерная война, самый короткий путь, пакетная коммуникация, выключать, самая популярная служба Интернета, иметь доступ в Интернет, посылать электронную почту, решительное увеличение, передавать сообщение, постоянно перехватывать, зашифрованные программы, вести сделки по Интернету.

Answer the questions:

1.What is the Internet? 2.Where did the Internet begin? 3.Why was the Internet designed? 4.What is the most popular Internet service? 5.How do people use the Internet? 6.How can the commercial users communicate over the Internet?

The Internet as a source of information

Computers play a very important part in our life. They help people in their work and studies. They save us a lot of time. While at school I often made use of the Internet to collect information for my test papers and compositions. Computers give access to a lot of information. It is possible to find data and descriptions, chapters from necessary books… to make a long story short, everything you need. The Internet, a global computer network, which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive in a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Most of the Internet host computers (more than 50%) are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions and their number is growing by thousands each month worldwide. Users of computers on a network can send messages to each other, utilizing the same collections of data or information. In many offices and organizations computer messages have replaced messages written on paper, and they are now called e-mail or electronic mail. E-mail is not only fast and easy (if you understand how to use the computer), but it also saves paper and the work of moving paper from one place to another. Workers can send and receive e-mail without leaving their desks and their desktop computers. The Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunication systems of their communities. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, they increase the commercial use of this network. For example, some American banks and companies conduct transactions over the Internet. So, you see that the Internet is an inseparable part of our life.

Words and word combinations:

an access-доступ accurately-точно to utilize-использовать to replace-вернуть inseparable-неотделимый

to keep up-быть в курсе

Give the English equivalents for:

Экономить время, собирать информацию, найти любую информацию, глобальная компьютерная сеть, послать информацию по Интернету, посылать сообщения друг другу, общаться по Интернету, совершать сделки по Интернету.

Answer the questions:

1.How does the computer help pupils at school? 2.Is it comfortable to send messages to each other?

3. How do the commercial users use the Internet? 4.How do the American banks use the Internet?

5.Why does the American bank use the Internet?

Scientific and Technological Progress

It's difficult to overestimate the role of science and technology in our life. They accelerate the development of civilization and help us in our co-operation with nature. Scientists investigate the laws of the universe, discover the secrets of nature, and apply their knowledge in practice improving the life of people.

Let's compare our life nowadays with the life of people at the 'beginning of the 20th century. It has changed beyond recognition. Our ancestors hadn't the slightest idea of the trivial things created by the scientific progress that we use in our every day life. I mean refrigerators, TV sets, computers, microwave ovens, radio telephones, what not. They would seem miracle to them that made our life easy, comfortable and pleasant. On the other hand, the great inventions of the beginning of the 20th century, I mean radio, aeroplanes, combustion and jet engines have become usual things and we can't imagine our life without them. A century is a long period for scientific and technological progress, as it's rather rapid. Millions of investigations, the endless number of outstanding discoveries have been made. Our century has had several names that were connected with a certain era in science and technology. At first it was called the atomic age due to the discovery of the splitting of the atom. Then it became the age of the conquest of space when for the first time in the history of mankind a man overcame the gravity and entered the Universe. And now we live in the information era when the computer network embraces the globe and connects not only the countries and space stations but a lot of people all over the world. All these things prove the power and the greatest progressive role of science in our life. But every medal has its reverse. And the rapid scientific progress has aroused a number of problems that are a matter of our great concern. These are ecological problems, the safety of nuclear power stations, the nuclear war threat, and the responsibility of a scientist. But still we are grateful to the outstanding men of the past and the present who have courage and patience to disclose the secrets of the Universe.

Words and word combinations:

to accelerate-ускорить to investigate-исследовать a universe-вселенная to apply-обращаться

to improve-улучшать an ancestor-предок a combustion-сгорание a miracle-чудо rapid-быстрый

splitting-сильная a conquest-покорение a mankind-человечество to overcome-преодолеть

a gravity-серьезность to reverse-переставлять to arouse-вызывать a concern-интерес a treat-развлечение a courage-смелость to disclose-обнаруживать

Give the English equivalents for:

Ускорять развитие цивилизации, исследовать законы вселенной, изменяться до неузнавания, казаться чудом, век завоевании космоса, впервые в истории человечества, выходить во вселенную, пробуждать большое количество проблем, причина интереса, иметь храбрость и терпение, обнаружить секреты.

Answer the questions:

1. What accelerates the development of civilization and helps us in our cooperation with nature?

2. How did our life change from the beginning of the 20th century? 3. What names has our century?

4. What outstanding discoveries in our century do you know?5. What problems has the rapid scientific progress?

1  Собеседование на английском

1. I am able to keep deadlines successfully – я способен выполнять работу в срок 2. I am able to prioritize я способен расставлять приоритеты 3. I am able to work independently with little or no supervision – я способен работать независимо, без контроля (или с минимальным контролем) 4. I adapt well to new situations – я легко адаптируюсь к новым ситуациям 5. I have good communication / interpersonal skills я имею хорошие коммуникативные навыки 6. I have planning skills – я имею навыки планирования 7. I am multitasking – я способен успешно работать с несколькими проектами, 8. I am open to change – я готов меняться 9. I am optimistic – я оптимистичен 10. I am patient –я терпелив 11. I possess proactive approach – я обладаю активной жизненной позицией, инициативен 12. I am quality-oriented – я ориентирован на качество 13. I am trying to learn from past mistakes – я стараюсь учиться на ошибках 14. I am well-organized – я организован 15. I have a stable work history – я моя профессиональная биография отличается стабильностью 16. I am versatile – я разносторонен, универсален 17. I am а quick learner (enjoy learning new things) – я быстро обучаемый (люблю изучать новое) 18. I am а team player who shares knowledge and ideas with colleagues –я  командный игрок, делюсь знаниями и идеями с коллегами

2  «Qualifications Summary»   «Резюме квалификаций»

1 Talented and dependable administrator, skilled in all aspects of management in nonprofit companies. Талантливый и надежный администратор, знающий все нюансы управления некоммерческими компаниями.

2 Accomplished secretary seeking to leverage skills in personnel management and recruitment in an entry-level human resources position. Квалифицированный секретарь, желающий использовать свое умение набирать персонал и руководить им на начальной позиции в кадровом отделе.

3  Extremely motivated for career change goal. Имею большое желание сменить род деятельности.

4 Dedicated Computer Information Systems graduate pursuing a help-desk position. Увлеченный своим делом дипломированный специалист по компьютерным информационным системам ищет работу в службе технической поддержки.

                                          Employment History (Опыт работы)

Dramatically increased revenues and grew client base between 2003 and 2009. Значительно увеличил прибыль и нарастил клиентскую базу в период с 2003 по 2009 гг. Increased revenues from $500 000 in 2003 to $5 million in 2009 and doubled client base from 5 000 to 10 000. Увеличил прибыль с $500 тыс. в 2003 г. до $5 млн. в 2009 г. и удвоил клиентскую базу с 5 до 10 тыс.

3    Career Summary (Обзор карьерных достижений)

Это ответ на вопрос: «Как я помогу работодателю достичь своих целей?». an expert in... эксперт в области..., accomplished executive with a proven ability to...  квалифицированный руководитель с несомненным умением..., respected leader  лидер, умеющий внушить уважение, able to build highly motivated teams  способен создавать команды с высоким уровнем мотивации,  keep up-to-date with changes in the industry  слежу за изменениями в своей области, with over 10 years of experience с более чем 10-летним опытом, successful in project management   успешный в сфере управления проектами

good at establishing rapport with people from diverse backgrounds   умею налаживать контакты с людьми из разных сфер, highly organized and detail-oriented  высокоорганизованный и внимательный к деталям, engineer with over three years IT industry experience  опытный инженер с более чем трехлетним опытом работы в IT-индустрии, five years of project management experience in... пятилетний опыт управления проектами в..., strong background in...  хорошие познания и опыт в области..., ability to find innovative solutions  умение находить инновационные решения 

                                         4   Skills (Полезные навыки)

in-depth knowledge of...   глубокие познания в..., excellent written and verbal communication skills  отличные навыки письменного и устного общения, ability to talk and conduct business in 2 languages способность разговаривать и вести дела на двух языках, speaking in public умение выступать перед аудиторией, easily solve technical problems с легкостью решаю технические проблемы, editing  newsletters, letters редактирую рассылки, письма, in-depth understanding of... глубокое понимание, well-developed skills in... отлично развитые навыки, with broad experience in... с обширным опытом в..., fluently read and write in English свободно пишу и читаю на английском, keep alert to new computer hardware слежу за новинками в области компьютерного оборудования,  keep abreast of new software applications слежу за выходом новых компьютерных приложений.

                                                                 Топ-75 слов

1 abbreviation — аббревиатура The abbreviation ’RAM’ stands for Random Access Memory. — Аббревиатура ОЗУ обозначает «оперативное запоминающее устройство».

2 analysis — анализ A financial analysis was carried out in order to improve cost efficiency. — С целью повышения экономической эффективности был проведен финансовый анализ.

3 appliance — устройство They sell a wide range of virtual appliances. — Они продают целый ряд виртуальных устройств.

4 application (также software application) — программное приложение This database application lets you manage your contacts and organise your projects. — Это приложение для работы с базами данных позволяет управлять контактами и заниматься организацией проектов.

5 arise — возникнуть Problems may arise when trying to request data from a remote web service. — При запросе данных от удаленного веб-сервиса могут возникнуть проблемы.

6 available — доступный, имеющийся Available memory refers to how much RAM is not being used by the computer. — Доступная память показывает, какой объем оперативной памяти не используется компьютером.

7 background — предыстория It’s always a good idea to research a company’s background before doing business with them. — Всегда полезно изучить предысторию компании, прежде чем вести с ней дела.

8 carpal tunnel syndrome — «туннельный синдром» The development of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome might be linked to computer use. — Развитие туннельного синдрома может быть связно с работой за компьютером.

9 certification — сертификат Earning the latest Microsoft certifications may help you further your career. — Получение последнего сертификата Microsoft может поспособствовать вашей карьере.

10 chief — главный; начальник, руководитель. Chief Information Officer (CIO) is responsible for the computer systems of a company. — Начальник информационного управления отвечает за компьютерные системы в компании.

11 common — распространенный One of the most common Internet crimes is drug trafficking. — Одно из самых распространенных киберпреступлений — незаконный оборот наркотиков.

12 compatible — совместимый ​The parts I ordered weren’t compatible with my PC. — Заказанные комплектующие оказались несовместимыми с моим ПК.

13 consultant — консультант Do you think we should contact an IT consultant? — Думаете, стоит обратиться к ИТ-консультанту?

14convenience — удобство We provide outstanding products and 24/7 phone support for the convenience of our customers. — Мы предлагаем высококачественную продукцию и предоставляем круглосуточную телефонную поддержку для удобства наших клиентов.

15 customer — потребитель Good customer care can improve customer loyalty. — Забота о потребителе повышает его лояльность.

16 database — база данных This software creates a customer database to eliminate paperwork. — В этой программе формируется база данных клиентов, что позволяет избавиться от бумажной работы.

17 deal — сделка To find out more about our deals, please visit our website. — За более подробной информацией о сделках, пожалуйста, обратитесь на наш веб-сайт.

18 demand — спрос Online keyword selector tools may help you find out whether certain products are in high demand. — Инструменты поиска по ключевым словам могут помочь выяснить, пользуется ли определенный продукт высоким спросом.

19 detailed — детальный, подробный A more detailed description is available on our website. — Более детальное описание доступно на нашем веб-сайте.

20 develop — разрабатывать To develop software — разрабатывать программное обеспечение.
We have decided to develop a new database app. — Мы решили разработать новое приложение для работы с базами данных.

21 drawback — недостаток The main drawback of this product is the high cost. — Главный недостаток этого товара — высокая цена.

22 effective — эффективный (действенный) Anti-virus software is not always effective against viruses. — Антивирусные программы не всегда эффективны против вирусов.

23 efficient — эффективный (с высоким КПД) Energy efficient home appliances can save you a lot of money. — Энергоэффективные бытовые приборы могут помочь вам значительно сэкономить.

24 employ — нанимать Employer — работодатель, employee — сотрудник.
The police often employ hackers. — Полиция часто нанимает хакеров.

25 enterprise — предприятие He’s the founder of an enterprise software company. — Он основатель компании по производству программного обеспечения для предприятий.

26 environment — среда Our aim is to design effective computer-based learning environments. — Наша цель — создать эффективную среду обучения, основанную на компьютерных технологиях.

27 equipment — оборудование No recording equipment is allowed in the conference room. — В зале для совещаний запрещено пользоваться записывающим оборудованием.

28 expertise — компетентность[ˌеkspəːˈtiːz]. We need someone with expertise in virtualized IT environments. — Нам нужен кто-то компетентный в области виртуализированных сред ИТ.

29 eyestrain — зрительное перенапряжение Eyestrain has become a major health complaint among IT workers. — Зрительное перенапряжение стало главной жалобой на здоровье среди работников ИТ-сферы.

30 goal — цель We can help you accomplish your goals. — Мы поможем вам добиться ваших целей.

31 gadget — гаджет You can choose from the most popular high-tech gadgets in our shop. — В нашем магазине на ваш выбор представлены самые популярные высокотехнологичные гаджеты.

32 implement — реализовывать I need to implement two interfaces. — Мне нужно реализовать два интерфейса.

33 increase — увеличивать(ся) You should try using more photographs to increase the conversion rate of your website. — Попытайтесь использовать больше фотографий, чтобы увеличить посещаемость вашего веб-сайта.

34 install — устанавливать to install software — устанавливать программное обеспечение
You’ll have to install the latest version of Adobe Flash Player. — Вам придется установить последнюю версию Adobe Flash Player.

35 instruction — инструкция Just follow the step-by-step instructions, which will guide you through the setup process. — В процессе установки просто следуйте пошаговой инструкции.

36 insurance — страхование Nowadays, insurers offer insurance for cyber losses. — В наши дни страховщики предлагают страхование на случай виртуальных потерь.

37 integrate — интегрировать Объединить два или более в одно целое. The new features are tightly integrated with the existing service. — Новые функции тесно интегрированы с существующей платформой.

38 intranet — интранетЛокальная компьютерная сеть. Our online library can be accessed on the college intranet. — Доступ к онлайн-библиотеке нашего колледжа можно осуществить через интранет.

39 latest — последний Новейший, современный.
Download the latest updates on our company’s website. — Загружайте последние обновления с веб-сайта нашей компании.

40 leadership — лидерство  In a job interview, it’s best to give concrete examples to demonstrate your leadership skills. — Во время интервью при приеме на работу лучше привести конкретные примеры, демонстрирующие ваши способности к лидерству.

41 level with someone — быть откровенным с кем-л. Do you think we can level with them and ask for more time? — Как думаете, мы можем быть с ними откровенны и попросить дополнительное время?

42 low — низкий Low price may indicate low quality. — Низкая цена может свидетельствовать о низком качестве.

43 maintain — поддерживать A poorly maintained website may kill your business. — Веб-сайт, который практически не поддерживается, может нанести непоправимый ущерб вашему бизнесу.

44 matrix — матрица Data Matrix Codes should appear on the outside packaging of medicinal products. —На упаковке медицинских препаратов должен присутствовать матричный штрих-код.

45 monitor — осуществлять мониторинг Your website will be monitored 24/7. — Мониторинг вашего веб-сайта будет осуществляться круглосуточно.

46 negotiate — вести переговоры Web designers often come across clients who want to negotiate prices. — Веб-дизайнеры часто сталкиваются с клиентами, которые начинают вести переговоры о цене.

47 occur — случаться, происходить  Why do errors occur? — Почему случаются ошибки?

48 order — заказывать To order products, please fill out this form. — Чтобы заказать товар, пожалуйста, заполните эту форму.

49 outsource — осуществлять аутсорсинг Пользоваться услугами сторонних компаний для реализации собственных проектов. Packaging is often outsourced to Asia. — Сборка часто осуществляется путем аутсорсинга в Азию.

50 oversee — курировать  Our Project Manager oversees the development of this new product. — Наш менеджер по проектам курирует разработку нового продукта.

51 plan — план  We need a plan for increasing our market share in the US. — Нам нужен план, чтобы увеличить нашу долю на рынке США.

52 prevail — превалировать, преобладать Google prevails in book digitalization. — Гугл превалирует в сфере перевода книг в цифровой формат.

53 process — процесс All our employees will take part in the decision-making process. — Все наши сотрудники примут участие в процессе принятия решений.

54 promote — продвигать  I think you should start promoting your products online right now. — Думаю, вам стоит начать продвигать вашу продукцию онлайн уже сейчас.

55 prospect — перспектива We are excited by the prospect of working with you. — Мы воодушевлены перспективой работы с вами.

56 provide — предоставлять  We provide excellent service.  Мы предоставляем превосходный сервис.

57 rapid — стремительный  The last decade saw rapid expansion of the service sector. — В последнюю декаду мы наблюдали стремительное разрастание сферы услуг.

58 reduce — снижать  The price of this product needs to be reduced. — Цену на этот товар нужно понизить.

59 remote — удаленный This software provides secure remote access of computers from any location. — Эта программа обеспечивает безопасный удаленный доступ к компьютерам из любой точки.

60 replace — заменить How can I replace my laptop fan? — Как мне заменить кулер в моем ноутбуке?

61 research — исследование Market research was carried out to identify customer needs. — Для изучения нужд потребителей было проведено маркетинговое исследование.

62 resource — ресурс This site provides useful links to resources on  English language e-learning. — Этот сайт предоставляет полезные ссылки на ресурсы по дистанционному обучению английскому языку.

63 respond — отвечать, реагировать  You must respond within ten days. — Вы должны дать ответ в течение десяти дней.

64 simultaneous — одновременный  The charger has a built-in USB power port and includes both a mini and a micro USB cable for simultaneous charging of your mobile devices. — Зарядное устройство имеет встроенный USB-порт и мини- и микрокабель USB для одновременной зарядки ваших мобильных устройств.

65 solve — решать  How do I solve a sound quality problem when uploading to Youtube? — Как мне решить проблему с качеством звука при загрузке на Youtube?

66 sophisticated — сложный, «продвинутый» Our software makes the setup of sophisticated devices easy. — Наше программное обеспечение упрощает процесс установки продвинутых устройств.

67 specifications — спецификация Детальное описание (продукта).
We reserve the right to change the specifications of our products without notice. — За нами остается право менять спецификацию наших продуктов без предупреждения.

68 substantial — существенный. There has been a substantial increase in buying power in our country. — В нашей стране наблюдается существенное увеличение покупательной способности.

69 sufficient — достаточный The warehouse always has sufficient stock. — На складе всегда достаточный запас.

70 suitable — подходящий  The keyboard should be suitable to the user. — Клавиатура должна быть подходящей для пользователя.

71 task — задача  Have a look at our task manager. — Обратите внимание на наш диспетчер задач.

72 tool — инструмент  This is our most downloaded network tools software. — Это программное обеспечение для работы с сетевыми инструментами скачивают у нас чаще всего.

73 transfer — переводить, перемещать, пересылать  You can transfer money online with PayPal services. — PayPal позволяет переводить деньги онлайн.

74 vendor — поставщик  You can buy items from multiple vendors in one order. — Вы можете включить в один заказ товары от нескольких поставщиков.

75 webinar — вебинар Интернет-семинар.  Join us next week for a free webinar on computer-based learning. — Приглашаем вас поучаствовать в бесплатном вебинаре по компьютерному обучению на следующей неделе.

Покупки

1 How much does it cost? — It costs fifty dollars. Сколько оно стоит?— Оно стоит 50 долларов.
2 What does it monitor? It monitors employee activity.Что оно отслеживает? Оно отслеживает действия сотрудников.

3 Is it easy to use?— It is easy to use. Сложно ли им пользоваться?Им несложно пользоваться.

4 Is it available in other colours?It is available in three colours. Оно есть в трех цветах. Оно есть в других цветах?
5 Does it come with a guarantee? It comes with a two-year guarantee. Оно идет с гарантией? Оно идет с двухгодичной гарантией.

6  Where is this device manufactured? This device is manufactured in India. Где произведено это устройство? Это устройство разработано в Индии.
7 Who is it designed for? It is designed for competent users. Для кого оно разработано? Оно разработано для опытных пользователей.
 8 It can be used for internal communication. What can it be used for? — Оно может использоваться для внутренней связи. Для чего оно может использоваться?
9 What is it equipped with?— It is equipped with a signature recognition software. Чем оно оборудовано? Оно оборудовано программным обеспечением для распознавания подписи.
10  What is the cover made of?The cover is made of leather. Из чего сделана обложка? Обложка сделана из кожи.

11 Is the new version more reliable than the old one? The new version is more reliable than the old one. Новая версия надежнее старой?Новая версия надежнее, чем старая.

12  Is it smaller than a laptop? It’s smaller than a laptop. Оно меньше, чем ноутбук?
Оно меньше, чем ноутбук.

13  Is it cheaper than a PC?It’s not as expensive as a PC.  Оно дешевле персонального компьютера? Оно не такое дорогое, как персональный компьютер.
14 It’s the cheapest product on the market.  Это самый дешевый продукт на рынке.

Ремонт

1 Have you tried removing the program? — Вы пытались удалить программу?
2 Have you checked your network settings? — Вы проверили настройки сети?
3  Have you disabled the extensions? — Вы отключили расширения?

4 What were you doing when the error occurred? Что вы делали в тот момент, когда произошла ошибка?
5  Did you initialize the drive?  Вы подготовили диск к работе (инициализировали диск)?
6 Did you verify software compatibility?  Вы проверили совместимость программного обеспечения?

7 You should download a data recovery software.  Вам нужно скачать утилиту для восстановления данных.
8 You should back up all the restored data.  Вам нужно создать копию всех восстановленных данных.

9 Why don’t you try using the default password?  Попробуйте использовать пароль по умолчанию.
10 Why don’t you run some tests to make sure everything is stable?  Попробуйте провести несколько тестов, чтобы убедиться, что все в порядке.

11 Burn the ISO to a blank DVD. —Запишите образ ISO на чистый DVD-диск.
12 Disable the internal GPU.  Отключите встроенный процессор.
13  Don’t attempt to write anything on the hard drive.  Не пытайтесь записать что-либо на жесткий диск.
14 Don’t click Yes to format the drive. Не нажимайте «Да» на предложение отформатировать диск.​                   

                                                                     "Computers"

 Generally, any device that can perform numerical calculations, even an adding machine, may be called a computer but nowadays this term is used especially for digital computers. Computers that once weighed 30 tons now may weigh as little as 1.8 kilograms. Microchips and microprocessors have considerably reduced the cost of the electronic components required in a computer. Computers come in many sizes and shapes such as special-purpose, laptop, desktop, minicomputers, supercomputers. Special-purpose computers can perform specific tasks and their operations are limited to the programmes built into their microchips. There computers are the basis for electronic calculators and can be found in thousands of electronic products, including digital watches and automobiles. Basically, these computers do the ordinary arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. General-purpose computers are much more powerful because they can accept new sets of instructions. The smallest fully functional computers are called laptop computers. Most of the general-purpose computers known as personal or desktop computers can perform almost 5 million operations per second. Today's personal computers are know to be used for different purposes: for testing new theories or models that cannot be examined with experiments, as valuable educational tools due to various encyclopedias, dictionaries, educational programmes, in book-keeping, accounting and management. Proper application of computing equipment in different industries is likely to result in proper management, effective distribution of materials and resources, more efficient production and trade. Minicomputers are high-speed computers that have greater data manipulating capabilities than personal computers do and that can be used simultaneously by many users. These machines are primarily used by larger businesses or by large research and university centers. The speed and power of supercomputers, the highest class of computers, are almost beyond comprehension, and their capabilities are continually being improved. The most complex of these machines can perform nearly 32 billion calculations per second and store 1 billion characters in memory at one time, and can do in one hour what a desktop computer would take 40 years to do. They are used commonly by government agencies and large research centers. Linking together networks of several small computer centers and programming them to use a common language has enabled engineers to create the supercomputer. The aim of this technology is to elaborate a machine that could perform a trillion calculations per second.

 1. What are the main types of computers?

2. How do the computers differ in size and methods of their application? 3. What are the main trends in the development of the computer technology?

                            Installing drivers on your laptop

Driver – a program that allows the Windows operating system to access a specific computer device (video card, network card, printer, etc.). Example: You installed or reinstalled Windows, start working on your computer, and the screen resolution does not suit you, you go to the screen settings and can not set the normal screen resolution, because the video card driver is not installed. Or you suddenly find that your computer or laptop has no sound. Why? Everything is correct — the driver is not installed on the audio equipment. Trying to get online, but you don't have access? The driver is not installed on the network card. To avoid such problems and correctly install the drivers in the system, we will talk about this in this article. I will tell you step-by-step how to install drivers on your laptop or computer in several ways. Without the correct driver the device will not be able to operate normally. This is why it is so important that you have all the necessary drivers installed in your system! I will immediately warn you that before installing the driver, you need to make a system restore point. Why is this necessary? Because if something goes wrong or the driver gets " crooked” or you install the wrong driver, the system can be rolled back. Always try to follow the following rule when installing drivers: First install the drivers for the motherboard chipset, then the driver for the video adapter, and then the other drivers.   

                                        Installing the driver from disk

When you purchase a computer or laptop, it should always be bundled with installation disks with drivers and software. When installing or reinstalling the operating system, you can install drivers for devices from these disks. There is nothing complicated in this, just insert the disk into the drive, click on the installation file, the driver installation program starts, then follow the instructions in the installation program. The problem is that the disk may have outdated driver versions or the disks may be lost. In this case, use the following methods to install drivers.                                                                               

Hardware

Mechanical, magnetic, electronic and electrical devices composing a computer system are referred to as hardware. Hardware is divided into four categories: input devices; processing devices; storage devices; output devices. The purpose of the input devices is to collect data and to convert it into a form suitable for computer processing. The most common input devices are a keyboard and a mouse. Other input devices may be: a scanner, a microphone, a joystick, a photo or video camera. The purpose of the processing devices is to retrieve, interpret and direct the execution of the commands provided to the computer. With a well-designed CPU you can perform highly sophisticated tasks in a very short time. Memory is the system component of the computer where information is stored. There are two types of computer memory: RAM and ROM. The purpose of the storage devices is to store commands and data in a relatively permanent form and to retrieve them when needed for processing. The most common storage devices are: hard disk, floppy disk, different kinds of compact disks and so-called “flash drives”. The purpose of the output devices is to show the user the information produced by a computer system. Information may be output in a hardcopy or a softcopy form. The examples of output devices may be a printer, a monitor, an audio system etc.Modem represents communication hardware used for data transfer from one computer to another via telephone lines. Satellites and TelecommunicationsA worldwide system of satellites has been created and it is possible to transmit signals around the globe by bouncing them from one satellite to an earth station and then to another satellite and soon. Originally designed to carry voice messages, they are able to carry hundreds of thousands of separate simultaneous calls. These systems are being adopted to provide for business communications, including the transmission of voice and facsimile messages, data and video data. One cannot doubt that the economic and social impact of these concepts will be very significant. Already, advanced systems of communication are affecting both the layman and the technician. The new global satellite-communication systems offer three kinds of service. The first one is voice messages. Satellite telephones are able to make calls from anywhere on the? Earth to anywhere else. That makes them especially useful to use in remote, third-world villages (some of which already use stationary satellite telephones), for explorers. Today's mobile phones depend on earth-bound transmitters, whose technical standards vary from country to country. Satellite telephones can solve this problem, but it is not a cheap service. The second service is messaging. Satellite messages have the same global coverage as satellite telephones, but carry text alone, which is extremely useful for those with laptop computers. As we see, the Internet works in space too. The only problem for ordinary users is one-way transmissions. This problem is solved by using combine transmissions, when you make a call using land communications and receive ordered information through your satellite plate. The third service is tracking. Voice and messaging systems also tell their users where they are to within a few hundred meters. Combined with the messaging service, the location service could help rescue teams, to find lost adventurers, the police to find stolen cars, exporters to follow the progress of cargoes and so on. Satellite systems provide better positioning information to anyone who has a receiver for their signals. To my thinking, satellite method of communication is the future for all kind of telecommunications.

                           Asus Tinkerboard: Strong competition for Raspberry Pi

When liked tinkering its own technology gadgets or a self-built media center operates, usually attacks to single board computers. Mini-PCs in credit card format are the ideal solution for driving self-configured systems and executing applications programmed by the user. The leader in this segment is the Raspberry Pi. The device was developed in the context of inspiring young people for programming and crafting with hardware. Therefore, the installed technology is rather weak, but the devices are very cheap. Anyone who wants to have more rakepower for his fanatics will find the future with Asus.

Specifications Asus Tinkerboard

Specs for the Tinker Board include a quad core 1.8GHz ARM Cortex-A17 CPU, 2GB LPDDR3 RAM, four USB 2.0 ports, support for gigabit LAN and Bluetooth 4.0, 3.5mm audio jack, microSD slot, Micfo USB for power, swappable 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi antennas, and a HDMI 2.0 port with support for 4K video.

Connecting peripherals

To connect a monitor or TV using composite video or HDMI connector. Resolution ranges from 640 x 350 (EGA) to 1920 x 1200 (WUXGA) for HDMI. Composite output is in PAL and NTSC formats.

Speakers or headphones are connected- via a standard 3.5 mm jack. Also, the sound can be transmitted via HDMI.

Asus Tinkerboard provides 4 USB-ports, united by an internal hub. These include, among others, can connect a keyboard and mouse.

To save CPU resources, Asus Tinkerboard offers regular connection modules through the 15-pin slots:

CSI-2 - to connect on the MIPI interface chamber;

DSI - to connect the regular display.

As a low-level interfaces are available:

40 ports of general purpose input-output;

UART (Serial); PC/TWI;

SPI with the selector between the two devices; pins Power: 3.3 V, 5 V and earth.

With the help of these ports can be connected to external sensors empower the device.

Such sensors may be:

Analog (photo resistor, temperature sensor);

Digital (accelerometer, ambient light sensor).

For adverse communication on the Asus Tinkerboqrd available interfaces;

Ethernet 10/100 Mbps with access to. a standard socket 8P8C (RJ45);

Wi-Fi 802.1 In and Bluetooth 4.1, provided the chip Broadcom ВСМ43438. 4K video and 24-bit audio

The manufacturer has a media report, according to recently released the single board Tinker Board, This is nearly the same size as the Raspberry Pi, but has much more powerful hardware on the board. For example, the four-core Rockchip processor RK 3288 allows the playback of video in 4K resolution as well as the output of 24-bit audio signals via the HDMI-2 connector. This makes the small computer particularly interesting for use as a media center. With 2 gigabytes of memory, Tinkerboard has twice as much RAM on board as the competition. Obviously a Gigabit Ethernet connection, WLAN and four USB 2.0 ports are installed.

Comparatively cheap

The arrangement of the connections is identical to that of the Raspberry Pi. Anyone who now feels that they have to grip deeply into their pockets to secure this piece of technology is wrong. The Tinker-Board-Calculator (Raspberry Pi from approx. 37 Euro) costs approx. 60 Euro. A Debian Linux variant is used as the operating system. The device supports the Kodi Mediaplayer. On the software side, however, the computer may have a look at the Raspberry Pi, which has been established and supported by developers for years.

FCC Compliance Statement: 

This equipment has been tested and found to  comply with limits for a Class B digital device ,  pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in residential installations. This equipment 
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause  harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no guaranteethat interference willnot occur in a particular installation. If this  equipment does cause interference to radio or  television equipment reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to  correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:  -Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna 

-Move the equipment away from the receiver 

-Plug the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which  the receiver is connected 

-Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/television technician for  additional suggestions 

You are cautioned that any change or modifications to the equipment not  expressly approve by the party responsible for compliance could void Your  authority to operate such equipment. 

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subjected to  the following two conditions 1) this device may not cause harmful interference  and 2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference  that may cause undesired operation.  

Considerations Prior to Installation

Preparing Your Computer

The motherboard contains numerous delicate electronic circuits and components which can

become damaged as a result of electrostatic discharge (ESD).  Thus, prior to installation, please

follow the instructions below:

1. Please turn off the computer and unplug its power cord.

2. When handling the motherboard, avoid touching any metal leads or connectors.

3. It is best to wear an electrostatic discharge (ESD) cuff when handling electronic components

4. Prior to installing the electronic components, please have these items on top of an antistatic pad or

within a electrostatic shielding container.

5. Please verify that the power supply is switched off before unplugging the power supply connector

from the motherboard.

Installation Notices

1. Prior to installation, please do not remove the stickers on the motherboard.  These stickers are required

for warranty validation.

2. Prior to the installation of the motherboard or any hardware, please first carefully read the information

in the provided manual.

3. Before using the product, please verify that all cables and power connectors are connected.

4. To prevent damage to the motherboard, please do not allow screws to come in contact with the

motherboard circuit or its components.

5. Please make sure there are no leftover screws or metal components placed on the motherboard or

within the computer casing.

6. Please do not place the computer system on an uneven surface.

7. Turning on the computer power during the installation process can lead to damage to system

components as well as physical harm to the user.

8. If you are uncertain about any installation steps or have a problem related to the use of the product,

please consult a certified computer technician.

Instances of Non-Warranty

1. Damage due to natural disaster, accident or human cause.
2. Damage as a result of violating the conditions recommended in the user manual.
3. Damage due to improper installation.
4. Damage due to use of uncertified components.
5. Damage due to use exceeding the permitted parameters.
6. Product determined to be an unofficial Gigabyte product.

OC Ignition (Patent Pending) There are occasions as an overclocker when you want to shut down the system without turning off the power to other parts of the system, for example the drives and system fans. This is where OC Ignition is really useful. Hitting the OC Ignition button gives continuous, uninterrupted power to all the motherboard's connected drives and system fans, but not to the CPU. This is useful in 'cold bug' situations when you need to heat the CPU to a bootable temperature, but you'd prefer the fans to keep spinning, reducing moisture build-up. Overclockers using i-ram drives may also want to maintain SATA power and not risk losing their customized OS install while users with regular SSDs or HDDs also know that frequent powering on and off is harmful to your drives in the long-term. 
OC Ignition is also useful in allowing users to pre-test water cooling setups, and even allows case mod demos to be developed without having to fully turn on the PC. 
OC Ignition: Feature Summary 
• Powers fans and drives without booting or powering the CPU 
• Active fans help to reduce moisture build-up when using LN2
• Maintain continuous uninterrupted power to drives 
• Safely powers water cooling systems for safe leak checking 
• Test demo and case mod systems without needing to boot the system

Durable Black Solid Caps 
GIGABYTE 8 Series motherboards integrate the absolute best quality solid state capacitors that are rated to perform at maximum efficiency for extended periods, even in extreme performance configurations. This provides peace of mind for end users who want to push their system hard, yet demand absolute reliability and stability. With ultra-low ESR no matter how high the CPU loading, these exclusive capacitors also come in customized jet black, exclusively on GIGABYTE 8 series motherboards."Rated for an unprecedented 10,000 hours of intensive operation at an incredible 105°C" – Nippon Chemi-Con

* Features and Actual component specifications may vary by model.

Router Settings

This section is used to configure the internal network settings of the Router. This IP address is private to your internal network and cannot be seen on the Internet. The default Router IP Address is 192.168.0.1 and the Default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0. The Local Domain Name is for the local Domain set on your network, if you have given it a name previously. This field is for your personal use and unnecessary for proper configuration of this window. In addition, the Router can be configured to relay DNS from your ISP or another available service to workstations on your LAN. When Enable DNS Relay is checked, the Router will accept DNS requests from hosts on the LAN and forward them to the ISP (or alternative) DNS servers. Alternatively, you may also disable the DNS relay and configure hosts on your LAN to use DNS servers directly. Most clients using the Router for DHCP service on the LAN and are using DNS servers on the ISP’s network, will leave DNS relay enabled.

LAN DHCP Server Settings

DHCP Server Settings Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) allows the gateway to automatically obtain the IP address from a DHCP server on the service provider’s network. The service provider assigns a global IP address from a pool of addresses available to the service provider. Typically the IP address assigned has a long lease time, so it will likely be the same address each time the Router requests an IP address. If DHCP is not enabled on the Router, it is necessary for the user to assign a static IP address to each computer on your LAN. To set up DHCP for your LAN, first enable the Router as a DHCP server by clicking the Enable DHCP Server radio button in the window above. The next step is to set a range of IP addresses that you wish to allot to the devices on your LAN by entering a starting and ending number of addresses within the LAN subnet in the DHCP IP Address Range. This may be in a range from 2 to 254 (192.168.0.2 – 192.168.0.254). Computers on your LAN will have an IP address within this range then automatically assigned to them. Finally, choose the DHCP Lease Time, which is the time the Server will set for devices using DHCP to re-request an IP Address. Clients authorized for DHCP will be listed in the Dynamic DHCP Client List near the bottom of the window. Click Save Settings to implement information set in this table. The DHCP Server is enabled by default. DHCP may also be statically configured as well. This method allows the router to assign the same IP address information to a specific computer on the network, defined by its MAC address. This computer will get the same DHCP implemented IP address information every time the computer is turned on and this IP address will be specific to that computer’s IP address on the local network. No other computer can be assigned this address.

                                  Irregular verbs                                       Неправильные глаголы

Неопределенная форма        Простое прошедшее                        Причастие II            Перевод на русский                                                                             

 (Infinitive)                                     (Past Simple)                                  (Past Participle)     

be [bi:]                                            was [wƆ z], were [wз:]               been [bi:n]                    Быть

beat [bi:t]                                       beat [bi:t]                                     beaten ['bi:tn]              Бить

become [bi:kLm]                            became [bi:keim]                         become[bi:kLm]         Становиться

begin [bi'gin]                                 began [bi'gæn]                            begun [bi'gLn]            Начинать

blow [blou]                                    blew [blu:]                                   blown [bloun]             Дуть

break [breik]                                  broke [brouk]                              broken ['brouk(e)n]    Ломать

bring [briŋ]                                    brought [brƆ:t]                             brought [brƆ:t]            Приносить

build [bild]                                     built [bilt]                                    built [bilt]                   Строить

burn [bз:n]                                     burnt [bз:nt]                                burnt [bз:nt]               Гореть

buy [bai]                                        bought [bƆ:t]                               bought [bƆ:t]               Покупать

catch [kæt∫]                                    caught [kƆ:t]                                caught [kƆ:t]   Ловить, хватать, успеть

choose [t∫u:z]                                chose [t ∫əuz]                                chosen [t∫əuz(ə)n]       Выбирать

come [kLm]                                 came [keim]                                 come [kLm]                Приходить

cost [cƆst]                                     cost [cƆst]                                    cost [cƆst]                   Стоить

creep [kri:p]                                  crept [krept]                                 crept [krept]               Ползать

cut [kLt]                                        cut [kLt]                                        cut [kLt]                     Резать

do [du:]                                         did [did]                                       done [dLn]                  Делать

draw [drƆ:]                                    drew [dru:]                                   drawn [drƆ:n]             Рисовать, тащить

dream [dri:m]                                dreamt [dremt]                             dreamt [dremt]           Мечтать, дремать

drink [driŋk]                                 drank [dræŋk]                              drunk [drLŋk]             Пить

drive [draiv]                                  drove [drouv]                               driven ['drivn]             Водить

eat [i:t]                                           ate [et]                                          eaten ['i:tn]                 Есть

fall [fƆ:l]                                       fell [fel]                                        fallen ['fƆ:lən]            Падать

feed [fi:d]                                     fed [fed]                                       fed [fed]                     Кормить

feel [fi:l]                                        felt [felt]                                       felt [felt]                     Чувствовать

fight [fait]                                     fought [fƆ:t]                                  fought [fƆ:t]                Бороться

find [faind]                                   found [faund]                               found [faund]             Находить

fit [fit]                                           fit [fit]                                          fit [fit]                 Подходить по размеру

fly [flai]                                        flew [flu:]                                     flown [floun]              Летать

forget [fə'get]                                forgot [fə'gƆt]                               forgotten [fə'gƆt(ə)n] Забывать

forgive [fo'giv]                             forgave [fo'geiv]                          forgiven [fo'givn]       Прощать

freeze [fri:z]                                  froze [frouz]                                 frozen ['frouzn]          Замерзать

get [ get ]                                      got [gƆt]                                        got [gƆt]                     Получать

give [giv]                                      gave [geiv]                                   given [givn]                Давать

go [gou]                                        went [went]                                  gone [gƆn]                  Идти

grow [grou]                                   grew [gru:]                                   grown [groun]            Расти

hang [hæŋ]                                    hung [hLŋ]                                    hung [hLŋ]         Висеть, развешивать

have [hæv]                                    had [hæd]                                     had [hæd]                   Иметь

hear [hiə]                                      heard [hз:d]                                  heard [hз:d]               Слышать

hide [haid]                                    hid [hid]                                        hidden ['hidn]             Прятать

hold [hould]                                  held [held]                                    held [held]                  Держать

hurt [hз:t]                                      hurt [hз:t]                                      hurt [hз:t]                    Ушибить

keep [ki:p]                                     kept [kept]                                    kept [kept]                    Содержать

know [nou]                                   knew [nju:]                                   known [noun]              Знать

lay [lei]                                         laid [leid]                                     laid [leid]                     Класть

lead [li:d]                                      led [led]                                        led [led]                       Вести

learn [lз:n]                                     learnt [lз:nt]                                  learnt [lз:nt]                 Учить

leave [li:v]                                     left [left]                                       left [left]                     Оставлять

let [let]                                           let [let]                                          let [let]                         Позволять

lie [lai]                                          lay [lei]                                         lain [lein]                      Лежать

light [lait]                                      lit [lit]                                           lit [lit]                          Освещать

lose [lu:z]                                      lost [lƆst]                                      lost [lƆst]                     Терять

make [meik]                                  made [meid]                                 made [meid]                 Производить

mean [mi:n]                                  meant [ment]                                meant [ment]               Значить

meet [mi:t]                                     met [met]                                       met [met]                    Встречать

mistake [mis'teik]                          mistook [mis'tuk]                           mistaken [mis'teik(e)n]Ошибаться

pay [pei]                                         paid [peid]                                     paid [peid]                   Платить

prove [pru:v]                                  proved [pru:vd]                             proven [pru:vn]           Доказывать

put [put]                                         put [put]                                         put [put]                      Положить

quit [kwit]                                      quit [kwit]                                     quit [kwit]                   Выходить

read [ri:d]                                       read [red]                                       read [red]                    Читать

ride [raid]                                       rode [roud]                                    ridden ['ridn]               Ездить верхом

ring [riŋ]                                        rang [ræŋ]                                       rung [rLŋ]                   Звенеть

rise [raiz]                                        rose [rouz]                                      risen ['rizn]                  Подниматься

run [rLŋ]                                         ran [ræŋ]                                        run [rLŋ]                       Бежать

say [sei]                                          said [sed]                                       said [sed]                       Говорить

see [si:]                                           saw [sƆ:]                                        seen [si:n]                     Видеть

seek [si:k]                                       sought [sƆ:t]                                  sought [sƆ:t]                 Искать

sell [sel]                                         sold [sould]                                   sold [sould]                  Продавать

send [send]                                    sent [sent]                                      sent [sent]                    Посылать

sew [sou]                                       sewed [soud]                                 sewn [soun]                  Шить

shake [∫eik]                                    shook [∫uk]                                    shaken ['∫eik(ə)n]           Встряхивать

show [∫əu]                                      showed [∫əud]                               shown [∫əun]                  Показывать

shrink [∫riŋk]                                  shrank [∫ræŋk]                               shrunk [∫rLŋk]              Уменьшать

shut [∫Lt]                                        shut [∫Lt]                                        shut [∫Lt]                       Закрывать

sing [siŋ]                                        sang [sæŋ]                                     sung [sLŋ]                      Петь

sit [sit]                                            sat [sæt]                                         sat [sæt]                         Сидеть

sleep [sli:p]                                    slept [slept]                                    slept [slept]                    Спать

slide [slaid]                                    slid [slid]                                       slid [slid]                       Скользить

speak [spi:k]                                   spoke [spouk]                                spoken ['spouk(e)n]       Говорить

spell [spel]                                     spelt [spelt]                                    spelt [spelt]     Произносить по буквам

spend [spend]                                spent [spent]                                   spent [spent]                  Тратить

spoil [spƆil]                                    spoilt [spƆilt]                                  spoilt [spƆilt]                 Портить

spread [spred]                                spread [spred]                                spread [spred]               Расстилать

spring [spriŋ]                                 sprang [spræŋ]                               sprung [sprLŋ]               Прыгать

stand [stænd]                                 stood [stu:d]                                   stood [stu:d]                   Стоять

steal [sti:l]                                      stole [stoul]                                    stolen ['stəulən]             Красть

stick [stik]                                       stuck [stLk]                                    stuck [stLk]                   Колоть

sting [stiŋ]                                       stung [stLŋ]                                    stung [stLŋ]                  Жалить

sweep [swi:p]                                  swept [swept]                                  swept [swept]              Выметать

swell [swel]                                    swelled [sweld]                             swollen ['swoul(e)n]     Разбухать

swim [swim]                                  swam [swem]                                swum [swLm]                Плавать

take [teik]                                      took [tuk]                                       taken ['teik(ə)n]             Брать, взять

teach [ti:t∫]                                      taught [tƆ:t]                                  taught [tƆ:t]                   Учить

tear [teə]                                         tore [tƆ:]                                       torn  [tƆ:n]                    Рвать

tell [tel]                                           told [tould]                                   told [tould]                    Рассказывать

think [θiŋk]                                    thought [θƆ:t]                                thought [θƆ:t]               Думать

throw [θrəu]                                   threw [θru:]                                   thrown [θrəun]              Бросать

understand [Lndə'stænd]               understood [Lndə'stud]                 understood [Lndə'stud] Понимать

wake [weik]                                   woke [wouk]                                 woken ['wouk(e)n]         Просыпаться

wear [weə]                                     wore [wƆ:]                                     worn [wƆ:n]                    Носить

weep [wi:p]                                    wept [wept]                                   wept [wept]                    Плакать

win [win]                                       won [wLn]                                     won [wLn]                      Выигрывать

wind [waind]                                 wound [waund]                               wound [waund]           Извиваться

write [rait]                                      wrote [rout]                                   written ['ritn]                  Писать