Интегрированный урок: «ГМО» (биология + английский
язык)
Авторы: Сурикова М.В., Бруенкова Ольга Борисовна
Образовательное
учреждение: ГОУ Республиканский классический лицей РА
Предмет: Биология и английский язык.
Класс: 11 (с углубленным изучением английского языка)
Тема: «ГМО»
Время реализации
урока: 45 минут.
Цель урока: формирование
информационно-коммуникативной компетенции обучающихся, развитие критического
мышления.
Задачи:
1.
Образовательная: научить учащихся извлекать
информацию из разных источников на русском и иностранном языках с целью
выявления главной идеи; расширение словарного запаса.
2.
Развивающая: формировать навыки поискового чтения и
чтения с полным пониманием содержания, развивать критическое мышление .
3.
Воспитательная: формировать умение сотрудничать в
группе, работать индивидуально и в парах, оформлять свои ответы на вопросы.
- Стадия вызова.
Учитель Б.: Что
означает аббревиатура «ГМО»? Слайд 1. Что такое ГМО? Слайд 2. Обращаете ли вы
внимание на наличие значка ГМО, когда покураете продукты? Слайд 3. Купите ли вы
такой продукт? Слайд 4. На уроке нам предстоит ответить на вопрос: ГМО – это
наше будущее или путь в никуда? Слайд 5.
- Стадия осмысления.
Учитель А.Я.: Материал
вам будет предложен на английском языке. Прочитайте информацию на слайде 6-7,
выполните задание на слайде 8-9.
Учитель А.Я.: Group
work. Слайды 13-14. Read the text and present your
viewpoint in English. (10 минут)
3.Стадия рефлексии.
Презентация результатов групповой работы.
Домашнее задание на слайде 15.
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1
Genetically modified food around the world
Jodie Humphries
No Comments
Genetically modified food or GM food, to use
the abbreviated term, isn't a subject that needs an introduction. Next
Generation Food has already looked into whether genetically engineered food has
benefits in the article 'Genetically engineered food: kill or cure?' and
millions of websites and newspapers have dedicated pages and pages to the
subject of whether GM foods should, or shouldn't be used.
In comparison with conventional crop seeds,
genetically modified seeds are more expensive, but the value of GM technology
is considered 'worthy' of such an increase according to the manufacturers
because the seeds have beneficial traits such as resistance against weeds, pests,
disease or other factors, according to geneticallymodifiedfood.co.uk.
Manufacturers also cite that the increased
cost of the seeds serves to fund further research into genetic modification
techniques and developments. In addition, the markets for GM seeds and
conventional ones are considered to be quite separate, which means that costs
will similarly vary.
There are a number of common genetically
modified foods currently on the market. Depending on where you live and the
labelling laws around GM foods, you might want to avoid some of these foods
unless they are specifically labelled as being free of GM ingredients.
Common genetically modified food
At present, the two main types of GM crops
being grown are ones that tolerate herbicides and ones that are toxic to
certain kinds of pests. In the first case, a GM crop is engineered to tolerate
a herbicide that kills all other plants and weeds. In this way, the GM crop
does not have to compete with other plants for nutrients, water and light. The
idea is that there will be higher yields from the GM crops if all other
competing plants are eliminated. In the second example, a GM crop is engineered
to produce a specific toxin that kills the pests who feed on it. This is
commonly done for the cotton plant, although some GM foods are also engineered
to produce the toxin as well.
Soybeans are a commonly modified food. One
type from Monsanto is resistant to herbicides. The herbicide resistant gene is
removed from bacteria and then inserted into soybeans.
Corn is another common GM food; it is
engineered to be resistant to specific pesticides and tolerates amounts that
would typically affect the crop.
Tomatoes are frequently genetically modified
types of food, although the modification of tomatoes is different than some of
the other crops. GM tomatoes will generally be engineered to maintain their
quality for longer periods of time. A tomato will be modified so that it does
not have a substance that would cause non-GM tomatoes to become rotten and
degraded.
In this way, the process of genetic
modification improves the quality of tomatoes and allows them to remain on
shelves for longer periods of time while still staying fresh and appealing.
Other commonly modified types of food include
potatoes and rapeseed. Sugar cane is another GM food that is resistant to some
pesticides.
Sweetcorn is one of the GM foods that produce
a toxin that kills insects, which serves to reduce problems with pests. Yet
another commonly modified food is rice, which has been called 'golden rice' due
to it being modified to contain high levels of vitamin A.
Genetically modified foods in Britain
Any GM foods intended for sale in the
European Union are subject to a rigorous safety assessment, which is the
responsibility of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), The Food Standards
Agency report.
However, the final decision for authorisation
still rests with Member States, which vote on each GM food. In the event of an
inconclusive vote, the Council of Ministers votes, and if they cannot agree the
final decision rests with the European Commission.
Consumers in the UK find that current
labelling rules for GM foods are inadequate and they are confused by labelling
information, says a new report commissioned by the UK's Food Standards Agency,
Exploring Attitudes to GM Foods.
In the study, independent researchers from
the National Centre for Social Research found that consumers think that food
labels should list the GM ingredients in foods produced using GM processes, or
in animal feeds which are currently not labelled.
While elsewhere, "Britain must embrace
genetically modified crops and cutting-edge developments such as nanotechnology
to avoid catastrophic food shortages and future climate change," said the
government's chief scientist, Professor John Beddington said at the beginning
of this year in the article 'Britain must launch GM food revolution, says chief
scientist'.
He argued that new technologies such as GM
will be critical in meeting economic, environmental and social goals. Beddington
said the revolution is needed primarily to counter climate change and help
provide food for the nine billion people worldwide expected within 30 years.
"It is [also] predicted that demand for
energy will rise by around 50 percent, and for fresh water by 50 percent, all
of which must be managed while mitigating and adapting to climate change. This
threatens to create a 'perfect storm' of global events," he said.
Genetically modified foods in America
In America, genetically modified foods have
come to the local supermarket, even though most Americans don't want them and
many believe they're dangerous. A CBS poll found that 53 percent of Americans
wouldn't buy food they knew had been genetically modified. But, there's no easy
way to know which foods contain genetically modified ingredients.
About 60 to 70 percent of products on grocery
store shelves contain at least one genetically engineered element. These foods
include corn, strawberries, tomatoes, lettuce, potatoes, soybean, and canola.
The public is generally unaware when they
purchase genetically modified foods (called GM or GMO, short for genetically
modified organism since manufacturers and producers aren't required to disclose
the information on labels. The European Union, Japan, China, Korea, Australia,
and New Zealand require GMO foods to be labelled. And despite a CBS News poll
that showed a majority of Americans want labeling, no such laws exist.
Genetically modified foods in China
Chinese food and agricultural experts have
said there is no evidence to prove that genetically modified crops are unsafe
for people and the environment, China Daily reported.
Huang Dafang, director of Biotechnology
Research Institute under the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said
that the genetically modified crops are of great significance to the
sustainable development of agriculture and China's competitiveness in global
arena.
"It could help increase the output to
ease the food supply strain caused by the shrinking of farmland," Huang
said.
China, which is home to 1.3 billion people,
has put the food security on high agenda in its national development planning.
Wu Yongning, a food safety specialist with
the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said current studies
have not proved genetically modified food harmful to human health. Wu said that
genetically modified food have to pass scrupulous testing in order to get on
shelves, including laboratory and field studies, toxicity and allergy tests.
Greenpeace in China
Greenpeace China has published a report which
teaches people how to distinguish genetically modified food sold on the market.
Guidance for Avoiding GM Food provides a list
of about 400 international and domestic brand products and whether they use
genetically modified food in their products.
Companies that use GM food get red marks and
others are labelled green. Red manufacturers include food giant Nestle and the
Yili dairy group as they have not declared themselves GM food-free. Green
companies included Coca- Cola and China Resources that produces Snow beer.
China's two biggest dairy producers Yili and
Mengniu both fell into the red zone from the green in the last two years, for
failing to make a non-GM food promise for their ice cream to customers.
"A good enterprise should make
continuous efforts to maintain a high quality in their products, not downgrade
product and service," said Wang Weikang, Greenpeace's program director.
Eighteen baby food producers were included in
the red section including Nestle and Wondersun, compared with only seven green.
"China largely forbids growing GM farm
plants, but food producers can import genetically modified soybean, corn and
many other agricultural products, mainly from the US," Wang said.
"Although it has not been proven GM food
is hazardous to people, scientists don't rule out its harm to human health in
the long run."
Are genetically modified foods the answer?
So are genetically modified foods the answer
to world hunger? In a world where around 1.02 billion people are hungry and
every day, almost 16,000 children die from hunger-related causes - the
equivalent of one child every five second, many believe that genetically
modified food is the answer. But how can it be the answer when there is so many
people against the idea of GM food? The debate of GM food is set to continue
for years to come, as currently it doesn't seem like anyone is going to be
willing to give any ground on the subject.
Related News:
A global perspective - Food Safety - NG Food
Europe | GDS Publishing |Genetically modified crops set to be more widespread
|Public opinion food technologies |NG Food Europe - The future of food
technology |Food effects climate change
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
2
The
Non-GMO Project
The
Non-GMO Project is a non-profit organization, created by leaders representing
all sectors of the organic and natural products industry in the U.S. and
Canada, to offer consumers a consistent non-GMO choice for food and products
that are produced without genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technologies.
The
Project
The
Project was originally started by a group of natural food retailers who wanted
to provide their customers with more information on the GMO status of their
products. It was soon realized that a third party verification system along
with a standardized consensus based definition of non-GMO was needed to
evaluate products. Working with industry leaders the Non-GMO Project Product
Verification Program began enrolling products in 2008. FoodChain Global
Advisors, a part of Global ID Group, provided the technical and scientific
foundation for the endeavor. Encompassing each level of the food chain from
seeds to finished products, the Project provides a system for ensuring viable
non-GMO alternatives into the future.
The
Standard
The
Non-GMO Project Standard's goal is to assist farmers, processors, and
manufacturers in avoiding GMO contamination. The Standard outlines a process
based system for ensuring best practices for avoiding GMO's. Methods such as
segregation, traceability, risk assessment, sampling techniques, and quality
control management are emphasized in the Standard.
Product
Verification
The
Non-GMO Project’s Product Verification Program (PVP) assesses ingredients, products,
and manufacturing facilities to establish compliance with the Non-GMO Project
Standard. The PVP process is managed through a web-based application and
evaluation program developed for the Project by FoodChain Global Advisors, the
central administrative body of the PVP.
Seal
The
Non-GMO Project seal verifies that a product has met the requirements set forth
by the standard. The goal of the claim is to communicate that a product meets
best practices for GMO avoidance as set forth by the Non-GMO Project standard.
History
In
2003 in response to customers who were concerned about GM soy lechitin,
employees of The Natural Grocery Co. in Berkeley, began the “People Want to
Know Campaign.” Its’ goal was to provide an informed choice regarding GM
products in the store. The results were mixed as there was no industry wide
definition as to what non-GMO meant. In 2001, The Big Carrot Natural Food
Market in Toronto, Ontario, after a year and a half of research, started a
non-GMO purchasing policy discontinuing products that were not confirmed by the
manufacturer to be non-GMO. Due to the lack of an authoritative definition, the
Big Carrot began to look for a more reliable method of providing non-GM
products. In 2005, The Natural Grocery Co. and The Big Carrot worked together
to form The Non-GMO Project with the goal of creating a standardized definition
of non-GMO. The Project worked with FoodChain which provided the scientific and
technical expertise that would make the Project’s goals feasible. In the Spring
of 2007, the Board of Directors was expanded to include representatives from
more stakeholder groups in the natural products industry. This board then
formed advisory boards for technical and policy issues.
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