Как научить словообразованию и частям речи?

How to Teach Word Formation

Exam Tip!

Read the entire text/sentence to get a good idea of context. What "type" of word do you need? It's good practice to go through one of these exercises just thinking about "what category of word?" and "positive or negative?" Is it a positive noun (competitiveness) or a negative adjective (unfriendly)? Always be thinking in those terms and it will make the word formation part of the Use of English exam easier.

Exam Tip!

If you are sure that the word is, for example, an adjective but you can't think what the exact word is, try thinking of "usual" prefixes and suffixes. Perhaps it needs the suffix "ive" or the prefix "de". Try a few out and see which ones seem to be best. This can also be done with nouns and verbs. Remember one thing: you know more English than you think you do! If you don't try, when you see the answer, you'll say "I knew that!" so think a little first, try to build your way to the answer!

1.     Development

What part of speech is that?

How do you know?

What other words ending in -ment can you name?

Team A and Team B have 2 minutes. The teacher asks to name -ment words SS can remember.

Teacher asks SS to Google for 5 more words with the same pattern to add to the list.

2.     Generalising

Teach common patterns first, like:

re- means ‘again, back’: repeat, redo, renovate.

il- means ‘not’ and generally stands before ‘l’: illegal, illogical.

prefix	meaning	example	own examples
im	not	impossible
multi	more than	multinational
mis	wrong	misunderstood
dis	not	dishonest
over	too much	overeat
ex	out of, from	excavate
re	again	redo
non	not	nonfictional
under	below	underground

suffix	meaning	example	own examples
-          less	without	fearless
-          ful	full of	colourful
-          able	can be done	eatable
-          ly	in a certain way	slowly
-          y	full of	snowy
-          ness	state of condition	happiness

adjective - noun		Adjective - opposite adjective
-able/-ible	- ity	-l/r	Il/ir
responsIBLE	responsibilITY	Legal illegible illiterate illogical	ILLegal illegible illiterate illogical
accessible, incredible visible	accessibility, credibility, visibility	Responsible rational regular relevant replaceable resistible	IRResponsible irrational irregular irrelevant irreplaceable irresistible
acceptable, predictable,	Acceptability predictability

3.     Categorizing

a)      Collect the vocabulary from a course book unit and write or print it on little cards. Stick the cards around the classroom. On the whiteboard, write the names of the parts of speech. Set the time limit for your students to walk around and collect the words under the proper headings.

b)      Teacher asks SS ‘Grab all adjectives!’

4.     Teaching common “GUIDELINES”.

1)      We witness a  (usually after  article) predominance of female teachers in our schools.

2)      Yellow is the predominant ( describe a noun, answering the question:” What kind of thing?” ) colour this spring in the fashion world.

3)      She works in a predominantly (describe an adjective) female environment.

4)      Women predominated (comes after the subject) in the audience.

5)      Private interest was not allowed to predominate (after the particle to) over the public good.

“Pronunciation is important”

Some learners of English think that pronunciation is not very important. That is __________________ wrong. ABSOLUTE

Even if you have an acceptable grasp of the English language, with good grammar and an __________________ vocabulary, native English speakers may find you very difficult to understand you if you don't work on your pronunciation. EXTEND

 Correct, clear pronunciation is __________________ if you really want to improve your level of English. ESSENCE

Remember that the pronunciation of certain English words varies depending on the part of the world it's spoken in. For example, American English differs __________________ from British English. GREAT

5.     Chart

Root word: PREDICT

1)      Cholesterol level is not a strong predictor of heart disease in women.

2)      In March and April, the weather is much less predictable.

3)      It is difficult to make accurate predictions about the effects on the environment.

4)      It is impossible to predict the outcome

5)      Not many people agree with the government’s prediction that the economy will improve.

6)      Predictably, the new regulations proved unpopular.

7)      She predicted that the election results would be close.

8)      Skilled readers make use of context and prediction.

9)      The ending of the book was entirely unpredictable.

10)  The telephone has the function of predictive messaging.

noun	verb	adjective	adverb
-          Prediction -          predictor	Predict	-          Predictable/ Unpredictable -          predictive	Predictably

How to Practice Word Formation

1.      Word Up Review game

Another noun form from HEALTHY	HEALTHINESS
The adjective form from FASHION	FASHIONABLE
The adjective form from VARIETY	VARIOUS
The adverb form from FASHION	FASHIONABLY
The adverb form fromHEALTHY	HEALTHILY
The adverb form from NATURAL	NATURALLY
The adverb form from PROPER	PROPERLY
The gerund form from WEAR	WEARING
The noun form from NATURAL	NATURE
The opposite adjective form from HEALTHY	UNHEALTHY
The opposite adjective form from NATURAL	UNNATURAL
The verb form from VARIETY	VARY

2.      Prefix and Suffix Puzzles

A Typical Day
	Popular		My job would probably rank as one of the most ___ but I really like it. I am an accountant arid I work from 9 am until 6 pm (although it takes an hour by train to reach my office in the City).
	Commerce		People think that accountancy involves working all day long with numbers and that it is really boring. But they could not be more wrong. My work is exciting, challenging, varied and both personally and professionally rewarding. Being involved with the       ___ world is also, at times, really good fun.
	Day		I deal mainly with new, start-up businesses and typically I see about three clients ___ . Either I go out to their offices or they visit me and I often have lunch with a client. Over the years some of them have become friends and I know their wives and families.
	Add		The main task is to check their financial figures are correct and it is true that this part is tough work. But in ___ my job is to advise and help them.
	Anxiety		Many new businesses have a rather ___ time trying to build up customers and make profits. They are encouraged and even relieved when I explain to them that it is not normal to make profits immediately. It can take years before a business is functioning correctly.
	Differ		Probably my biggest contribution is to advise them of the most efficient way to invest in their businesses. Very often, a small change can make a big ___ in business. When they take my advice and I see a new company or business begin to succeed — it is really satisfying. I feel as if I was part of the success story and a member of their team.

-un	-ity	- ial	-ly	- ous	-tion	-ence	-ently	- ously	- dis
-im	- ive	- ful	- fully	- able	-ness	- ent	- less	- er	- al

3.      Prefix and Suffix Bingo

A

-          in	-          ity	-          ial
-          ous	-          tion	-          ence
-          ously	-          dis	-ly

B

-          in	-          - ly	-          al
-          ous	-          ive	-          ence
-          ful	-          able	-          less

The words to dictate: 1)      active 2)      agriculture 3)      certain 4)      differ 5)      expense 6)      home 7)      honest 8)      marvel 9)      populate 10)  serious 11)  value 12)  visible 13)  wonder

KEYS: 1)      activity 2)      agricultural 3)      certainly 4)      difference 5)      dishonest 6)      expensive 7)      homeless 8)      invisible 9)      marvelous 10)  population 11)  seriously 12)  valuable 13)  wonderful

4.      Word building Tree

5.      Call my Bluff  (noticing)

Ask students to write examples of real word formation and make up two or three wrong alternatives, e.g. for example, “performance”, “performation” and “performent”. Then they read the words out to another group which should spot the real word.

Students can also work in groups and fill the gaps with a mix of the right and wrong answers. After that, ask them to exchange the papers with another group and think which options are right and which should be corrected.

6.       Pass the ball

The teacher names an affix and asks students to pass the ball naming words that go with it. If you say ‘-ful’, the round might look like ‘helpful – tactful – careful – beautiful’ etc. Change the affix after each round.

7.       Word building dominoes

8.       Name the word, change one and pass the ball.

The teacher names a word and passes a ball to a student. The student makes one change (either a suffix or a prefix) and passes a ball to another student:  

home – homeless – useless – useful – wonderful – wonderland – motherland …

9.      Tick-tack-toe

in -	dis-	non-
il -	un-	ir-
im-	mis-	under-

-er	-ist	-ian
-ee	- al	- hood
-th	- ty	-ability

https://skyteach.ru/2019/03/28/word-formation-activities/

https://skyteach.ru/2019/06/24/word-formation-how-to-make-it-easier-for-teens/

https://busyteacher.org/14531-word-formation-parts-of-speech-how-to-teach.html