Лекция
по теме:
«
Роль средств массовой информации в современном обществе».
Учитель:
Дубянская В.А.
МОУ
СОШ № 13
С.Апанасенковское
План лекции:
1. Mass
Media.
2. Magazines.
3. Newspapers.
4. Cinema.
5. Television
in our life.
6. Developing
of Telecommunications.
Mass Media.
Mass
Media are one of the most characteristic features of modern civilization.
People are united into one global community with the help of mass media. People
can learn about what is happening in the world very fast using mass media. The
mass media include newspapers, magazines, radio and television.
The
earliest kind of mass media was newspapers. The first newspaper was Roman
handwritten newssheet called “Acta Diurna” started in 59 B.C. Magazines
appeared in 1700’s. They developed from newspapers and booksellers ‘catalogs.
Radio and TV appeared only in 20th century.
The
most exciting and entertaining kind of mass media is television. It brings
moving pictures and sounds directly to people’s homes. So one can see events in
faraway places just sitting in his or her chair.
Radio
and widespread for its portability. It means that radios can easily be carried
around. People like listening to the radio on the beach or picnic, while
driving a car or just walking down the street. The main kind of radio
entertainment is music.
Newspapers
can present and comment of the news in much detail in comparison to radio and
TV newscasts. Newspapers can cover much more events and news.
Magazines
do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events. They provide more profound
analysis of events of preceeding week. Magazines are designed to be kept for a
longer time so they have cover and binding and are printed on better paper.
Magazines.
Magazine
is one of the major mass media. Magazine is a collection of articles and
stories. Usually magazines also contain illustrations.
The
earliest magazines developed from newspapers and booksellers ‘catalogs. Such
catalogs first appeared during the 1600’s in France. In the 1700’s pamphlets
published at regular intervals appeared in England and America. They were
literary publications. One of the first British magazines “The Gentleman’s Magazine”
was published from 1731 to 1914. The American magazine was called the “American
Magazine”, or “A Monthly View”.
Magazines
provide information on a wide range of topics such as business, culture,
hobbies, medicine, religion, science and sport. Some magazines entertain their readers
with fiction, poetry, photography or articles about TV, or movie stars.
Magazines
are designed to be kept for a longer time in comparison to newspapers and that
is why they are printed on better paper and have covers. Magazines, unlike
newspapers, do not focus in daily, rapidly change.
There
are specialized magazines intended for special business, industrial and
professional groups, and consumer magazines intended for general public. There
are several kinds of consumer magazines.
Children’s
magazines contain stories, jokes, and articles on subjects especially
interesting for children and instructions for making games or useful items.
Hobby
magazines are intended for collectors of coins, stamps, and other items; people
interested in certain sports or games; photography enthusiasts.
Intellectual
magazines provide analysis of current cultural and political events. Many of
them publish fiction and poetry as well.
Men’s
magazines focus on such topics as adventure, entertainment, men’s fashion and
sports.
Women’s
magazines deal with child-raising, fashion trends, romance. They offer ideas on
cooking and home decorating. Many of the monthlies with big circulations are
women’s magazines.
Newspapers.
Newspaper
is a publication that presents comments on the news. Newspapers play an
important role in shaping public opinion and informing people of current events.
The
first newspapers were probably handwritten newssheets posted in public places.
The earliest daily newssheet was “Acta Diurna” which started in Rome in 59 B.
C. The first printed newspaper was Chinese publication called “Dibao” started
in A.D. 700’s. It was printed from carved wooden blocks. The first regularly
published newspaper in Europe was “Avisa Relation” or “Zeitung”, started in Germany
in 1609.
Newspapers
have certain advantages over other mass media – magazines, TV and radio.
Newspaper can cover more news and in much detail than TV or radio newcast can
do. Magazines focus on major national and international events of the
preceeding week. But newspaper focuses on local news as well and provides
information and comments faster than magazine can do.
There
are about 1700 daily and 7500 weekly newspapers in the US. The circulation of
some weeklies is no more than a few hundred of copies per issue and the
circulation of some dailies is over a million of copies.
There
are daily newspapers and weekly newspapers. Daily newspapers print world,
national and local news. Many dailies are morning papers, others are afternoon
papers. Sunday issues of the dailies are usually larger than the weekday ones.
They may include special sections on such topics as entertainment, finance and
travel or Sunday magazine, a guide to TV programmes, coloured comics. The major
dailies in the US are “Christian Science Monitor”, “New York Times”, “USA
Today”, “Wall Street Journal”, and “Washington Post”.
Weekly
newspapers serve usually for smaller areas. They are printed in small
communities where people know each other and are interested in activities of
their friends and neighbours. Weeklies report of weddings, births, deaths and
news of local business and politics. Most weeklies do not print world or
national news.
Cinema.
Cinema
plays an important role in the life of any society. It is an available popular
form of art. Lots of people find going to the cinema one of the best ways of
spending their leisure time. The movie audience is predominantly a young one.
Due
to numerous video facilities, cinema attendances have declined sharply. But
there is no denying the fact that the cinema-going habit is still a strong one.
No
matter how large the place you live in is (whether it’s a big city or a small
provincial town, or even a settlement) there’s most likely to be a cinema
there.
There
are such genres of feature films as the western, the thriller, the musical, the
drama and the comedy. The performance lasts for two or three hours and most
cinemas have at least 4 performances a day. There is no doubt that a good
cinema show is an excellent entertainment and quite cheap. Of late cinema
screens in this country have been dominated by films produced in the USA. And
this tendency is growing.
As
for me, I’m a pity; I don’t always have time for it. It’s an open secret that
we live in a very difficult time now. But people do need something amusing and
pleasant, something to laugh at. That’s why I give my preference to comedies.
The last comedy, I saw, is “Crocodile Dandy”. The film tells about amusing
adventures of a young lovely woman – reporter and a strong and brave crocodile
hunter. At first, their relations were not friendly. She even looked down on
him and he in return neglected her. But after he rescued her out of some
difficult situations, their relations became friendlier. A happy end is an
essential feature of American films. The same is true of this comedy. The main
characters fall in love with each other in the end of the film.
Television
in our life.
Television
now plays an important role in our life. It is difficult to say if it is good
or bad for us. It is clear, that television has advantages and disadvantages.
But
are there more advantages than disadvantages? In the first place, television is
an entertainment. But it is not only a convenient entertainment. For a family
of three, four or five, for example, it is more convenient and less expensive
to sit comfortably at home that to go out to find entertainment in other
places. They don’t have to pay for expensive seats at the theatre or cinema.
They turn on the TV-set and can watch interesting films, concerts, football
matches.
But
some people think that it’s bad to watch TV. Those who watch TV need do
nothing. We are passive when we watch TV. Television shows us many interesting
programmes. But again there is disadvantage here: we watch TV every evening,
and it begins to dominate our lives.
My
friend told me that when his TV-set broke down, he and his family found that
they had more time to do things and to talk to each other. There are other
arguments for and against television.
Very
often the programmes are bad. Sometimes they show too much violence in films
and news programmes. There is also too much pop music and ads. Ads on the whole
are convenient for grown-ups. But is it good for children to watch all those
and where they show all kinds of underwear and what not?
Developing
of telecommunications.
I
would like to tell you about telecommunications and their developing.
We
can not deny the role of telecommunications in our life. The Internet, phones,
telegraph, cell phones, radio, television are all the means of communication or
telecommunication. Nowadays we live in information era, when information is the
key and engine of progress. Our society needs perfect means of information
exchange that is why all types of telecommunication are under the permanent
developing.
Currently
hundreds of millions of people use wireless communication means. Cell phone is
no longer a symbol of prestige but a tool, which lets to use working time more
effectively. Considering that the main service of a mobile connection operator
is providing high quality connection, much attention in the telecommunication
market is paid to the spectrum of services that cell network subscriber may
receive. Today we can easily connect to the Internet using our cell phone or to
take a picture or to take a short movie, using our video cell phone.
Late
in the nineteenth century, communication facilities were augmented by a new
invention – telephone. In the USA its use expanded slowly and by 1900 the
American Telephone and Telegraph Company controlled 855,000 telephones. After
1900, telephone installations extended much more rapidly in all the wealthier
countries. The number of telephones in use in the world grew at almost 100 per
cent decade. But long-distance telephone services gradually developed and began
to compete with telegraphic business. A greater contribution to long-range
communication came with the development of wire-less technology. Before the
outbreak of the First World War wireless telegraphy was established as a means
of regular communication with ships at sea and provided a valuable supplement
to existing telegraph lines. In the next few years the telephone systems of all
the chief countries were connected with each other by radio. Far more immediate
was the influence that radio had through broadcasting and by television, which
followed it at an interval of about twenty-five years.
Telephones
are as much a part of infrastructure of our society as roads or electricity,
and competition will make them cheaper. Losses from lower prices will be
countered by higher usage. Most important of all, by cutting out the need to
install costly cables and microwave transmitters, the new telephones could be
a boon to the remote and poor regions of the earth. Even today, half the
world’s population lives more than two hours away from a telephone.
Satellite
phones are not going to deliver all their benefits at once.
Lots
of other new communication services – on-line film libraries, personal
computers that can send video-clips and sound-bites as easily as they can be
used for writing letters, terrestrial mobile-telephone system cheap enough to
replace old sets – are already technically possible.
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