Методические рекомендации
по английскому языку при обучении монологической речи
Методическая разработка
педагога дополнительного образования МБУ ДО «Центр внешкольной работы» г. Сочи
Пискуновой Татьяны
Григорьевны
Основное назначение иностранного языка как
предметной области обучения - в овладении учащимися умением общаться на иностранном
языке Речь идет о формировании коммуникативной компетенции, способности и
готовности осуществлять как непосредственное общение (говорение, понимание на
слух), так и опосредованное общение (чтение с пониманием иноязычных текстов,
письмо).
Формирование коммуникативной компетенции
является основной и ведущей целью обучения.
Монологическая речь – это, как известно, речь
одного лица, выражающего в более или менее развёрнутой форме свои мысли,
намерения, оценку событий и т. д.
Обучение монологической
речи – чрезвычайно сложное дело. По утверждению психологов, в частности А. А. Леонтьева
(психолога и лингвиста), она сложнее и труднее диалогической речи, т. к.
требует от говорящего умения связно и последовательно излагать свои мысли,
выражать их в ясной и отчетливой форме. Любое монологическое высказывание
монологично по своей природе, всегда кому-то адресовано
Монологическое
высказывание характеризуется целым рядом качеств. Вот те качества, которые
являются наиболее специфичными именно для монологического высказывания:
целенаправленность. Она проявляется в том,
что у говорящего всегда есть определенная цель - решить определенную речевую
задачу, причём задачу, направленную на собеседника.
логичность. Под нею понимается
такое свойство высказывания, которое обеспечивается последовательностью
изложения
структурность или связность как
последовательность изложения, обеспечиваемая внешними (по отношению к логике)
специальными средствами языка («сцепками»).
завершенность в содержательном, тематическом
плане;
выразительность - наличие логических
ударений, интонации, мимики, жестов и т. п.
Монологическая речь может быть подготовленной
и неподготовленной.
Раньше предполагалось, что подготовленная речь --
это ступень к неподготовленной. Сегодня подготовленная речь рассматривается как
самостоятельный вид монологической речи, типичный для конференций, симпозиумов,
заседаний и других форм делового общения, требующих предварительной подготовки,
планирования, продумывания. Подготовленная речь готовится с помощью
самостоятельных творческих упражнений, требующих умения сообщать информативный
материал, обобщать и оценивать его, выстраивать в связное, личностно-окрашенное
высказывание.
Чаще всего на занятиях
обучающиеся испытывают следующие трудности:
– неверное построение предложений;
– небогатый словарный запас;
– неуверенность в правильном построении ответа;
- неправильное произношение;
- речь характеризуется однообразием синтаксических
конструкций;
-неудачный порядок слов и т.д.
Таким образом, я поставила перед собой следующие задачи:
- обучить
школьников умениям грамотного оформления речевого высказывания;
-
разработать систему уроков, направленных на развитие монологической речи
обучающихся с применением элементов современных образовательных технологий,
эффективных методов и приёмов;
-разработать
дополнительные тексты для развития монологической речи
-
сформировать интерес к предмету у обучающихся
В
данной методической разработке я предлагаю дополнительные тексты, созданные
мной, которые способствуют развитию монологической речи и помогут учащимся
сдать ОГЭ.
About
myself
My name is Ann. I am a
girl. I am eight years old. I am a pupil. I am in the third form. I live in Russia.
I am tall and slim. I have green eyes and dark hair. I am clever and kind.
I have a family. My family is big. I have a mother, a father, a sister and a
brother. My mother is a teacher. My father is a driver.
I go to school every day. Usually I have five lessons. My favourite subject is
Maths. I am a good pupil.
My hobby is swimming. I also like to read books and go for a walk with my dog
Sam.
My friend
I have got a friend. Her /His name
is________.
She/he is ______years old. She/he
is tall (short) and slim(plump).She/he has got green(black, grey, blue) eyes
and dark(fair) , curly( straight) long(short) hair. She/he is kind and
(clever, friendly, polite, generous, funny, joyful, hardworking).
She/he has got a family. Her /His
family is big(small). She/he has got a mother, a father, a sister and a
brother.
She/he (name) is a pupil. She/he goes
to school.
She/he is in the third form (in
class 3). Her /His favourite subject is English (Russian, Art, Music, PE,
Technology). She/he is a good pupil.
Her /His hobby is swimming
(singing, dancing, painting, playing football, tennis, computer games)
She/he also likes to read books
(watch TV, play with her/his dog/cat, ride a bike, draw, go for a walk)
My free time
Hello! My name is……… .1. I would like
to tell you about my free time and how I spend it.
2.I`m a student, so I study a lot and
have to do homework every day but I try to spend my free time in the way I
want to. 3.When I`m tired, I like relaxing.
4. As for me, I can hang out with
my friends. 5.We go to the cinema or to the cafe. 6.Also, I enjoy doing
sport, playing computer games, surfing the Net and shopping.7. The other
way of spending my free time is travelling. 8. I think travelling is the most
interesting activity for me.9. I can meet new friends, discover new places and
try local dishes .10. In my opinion, travelling to other countries or going
for a small trip around your city can be a wonderful thing because it gives
you positive emotions and helps you relax.
11.All in all, free time is the best
time to relax after difficult school days and do what you like.
That`s all about my free time.
Holidays
I`m going to tell you about public
holidays in Russia.
1.Russian people like holidays very
much. 2.There are many holidays in Russia such as New Year, Victory Day,
Women`s Day, Motherland Defender Day, May Day.3 A lot of people celebrate
Christmas, Easter and Maslenitsa.
4. As for me, my favourite holiday is
New Year which is celebrated on the 31st of December.5.I like the
festive atmosphere of this holiday.6. We decorate a New Year tree, give each
other presents and have a family meal .7 I have a lot of fun.8. I watch TV
programs, sing, dance, and set(let) off wonderful fireworks9 I don`t go to bed
till morning.10 Best of all I like getting presents ( setting off/watching
stunning fireworks.).
11.All in all, it`s impossible to
imagine our life without holidays .In my opinion , holidays are the best time
My day
I am going to tell you
about my working day.
1.I usually get up
nearly six o'clock.2. Then I make my bed, wash my face, put my clothes on (get
dressed) and have breakfast. 3.My mother usually prepares breakfast for me,
but sometimes I do it myself. 4. I prefer a cup of coffee and a sandwich.
5.Then I go to school.
6.It is rather far ( not far) from my house and I go there by bus( on foot).
7.I have classes till two or three o'clock, it depends on a week day. 8.Then I
come home and have dinner.
9.After my dinner, I
have a rest for a couple of hours and then I do my homework. 10.If I have some
spare time I do some work about the house. I sweep the floor, dust the
furniture and clean the carpets with the vacuum-cleaner. 11.Sometimes my mother
asks me to go shopping.
12.Then I have free
time. I hang out with my friends or watch TV, or read books or play my
favourite computer games. 13.After that, I have supper with my family.14. I
like evenings very much, all members of our family get together after work and
study and have the opportunity to talk and to discuss our family affairs.
15.I usually go to bed at about ten or eleven o'clock.
16.All in all, I’m very
busy on my week days.
School
.I`m going to tell you about my school life.2.School plays a
very important role in our life.
3 .I study at school #_________. 4. As for me, I like
my classmates most of all.5.They are friendly , helpful and reliable. 6
We spend a lot of time together.
7 .I usually have 6 lessons at school.
8 I think the most difficult weekday
is_______________ because I have 7 lessons.9.Besides, I have 1
extra class in Maths ( training) 10 Also, I have to do a lot of
homework. 11. As you can see, I am a little bit tired at the end of the
day.
12. All in all, I spend most of my life at school and
I like my school.
That’s all for now.
School holidays
1.
I`m going to tell
you about my school holidays.2 Schoolchildren like their holidays very
much.3. They always look forward to them.
4. We have school holidays 4 times a
year: in autumn, summer, winter and spring.
5 As for me, I would make autumn
holidays longer because they are the shortest.6 They last only 1 week.
7.I am not a coach potato .8 I lead
an active lifestyle.9 So I usually enjoy doing sports during my holidays.10 I
play football, ride a bike and go hiking with my friends.
11.All in all, holidays are the best
time of the year.12.I like holidays very much
Summer.
I am going to tell you about summer.
1 It is summer now. 2.It is my
favourite season because I have summer holidays.3.They are the longest
holidays.4. Besides, it is sunny and warm in summer. 5 It seldom rains and
windy.
6There are a lot of things to do in
summer.
6.When it is rainy I usually stay
at home .7 I read books, watch TV, listen to music, cook, play computer
games, tidy my room, draw and play with my dog(cat).8.When it`s sunny I
usually go to the beach with my friend (family).9.I swim, dive and sunbathe .
10. In summer I like to walk with my friends, play different games such as
football, tennis,
badminton and basketball.11. Also, I
like to go hiking and cycling.12 My favourite things about summer are swimming
and eating a lot of ice-cream.
13.All in all, I like summer and
summer holidays very much
My
plans for summer.
I am going to tell you about my plans
for this summer
1.There are a lot of things to do
in summer.
2.Firstly, I am going to go to
the beach (sea)with my friends (family).3. I like to swim very much.4. Secondly,
I am going to visit my grandparents.5 They live in the countryside.6. I am
going to go to the river and help them in the garden. 7. Next, I am
going to meet my friends and do sports.8. Finally, I am going to
read books and learn English.
9.All in all, I am going to do
a lot of interesting things in summer.10. I like summer and summer holidays
very much
Russia
Part
1
I’d like to tell you about my
country .
1.I live in Russia.2 Russia is the
largest (biggest) country in the world.3 It is situated on 2 continents: Europe
and Asia. 4.The capital of Russia is Moscow.5.The population of Russia is
146 million people.6 Russia is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific,the
Arctic and the Atlantic.7 It borders on China, Japan, Mongolia, Finland,
Ukraine and so on.8. The official language is Russian.9 The national flag has
3 stripes: white, blue and red.10.The symbols of Russia are a two-headed eagle,
the brown bear and the birch tree.
Part 2
1.There are a lot of rivers, lakes,
mountains and forests in Russia. 2.Everest is the highest mountain in Europe.
3.The Volga is the longest river in Europe. 4.Lake Baikal is the deepest.
5.The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in Russia.
6.Russia is a beautiful country with
lots to see.7. Tourists come to Russia to visit Moscow, St. Petersburg, the
Golden Ring and Sochi.8. They go to Sochi to swim in the sea in summer or ski
in winter.
9. All in all, I am proud of my
country.
10. Welcome to Russia.
My meals
I usually have 4 meals a day. The first meal is breakfast.
As I’m always short of time in the morning I just have light breakfast
at…o’clock which consists of coffee or tea, cheese sandwich or boiled or
scrambled eggs with a slice of bread and butter. At the weekend I eat
porridge(semolina ,buckwheat),pancakes, French toast, cereal with milk,
yoghurt, curd or curd-flitters with sour cream.
The second meal of the day is lunch. I usually have it
at school. As a rule I eat junk food such as pizza or chips, a hot dog or a bun
and drink hot chocolate or juice.
Dinner is the biggest meal. I have dinner at 2 o’clock. I usually have some
green salad as a starter: tomato and cucumber salad, cabbage
salad, Russian salad or vinaigrette. For the first course I have
some soup or borshch for a change. I like mushroom soup. For the second
course I eat fried or roast meat, chicken, cutlet with potatoes
(mashed, boiled, fried) ,spaghetti with cheese and tomato sauce.
I prefer meat to fish but my mum makes eat it. She says it’s
good for my brains.
For dessert I have different fruits such as apple pears, peaches,
bananas, plumps, oranges or grapes. In summer I eat melon or watermelon. I also
like eating
milk chocolate, cakes, sweets, cookies, pies and ice-cream
because I have a sweet tooth.
Supper is the last meal of the day. Supper must be a light meal because it
isn’t good to eat too much in the evening. The English proverb says: “After
dinner sleep a while, after supper walk a mile”. I prefer sausages with pasta.
I eat a lot of fresh vegetables such as green peas, corn, eggplants, radishes,
lettuce and carrots and drink freshly-squeezed juice. They are rich in vitamins
and make my skin clear.
My eating preferences
I’m not a fussy eater but I prefer home-cooked meal. I never
complain about food. I eat everything my mother cooks for me. She is an
excellent cook. My favourite dish is pizza. I know it isn’t healthy to eat it
but I like eating pizza from time to time. On Sundays I go to McDonald’s. I
like everything there: cheeseburgers, hamburgers, Big Macs, pies and milkshake.
I don’t like….because I’m allergic to.. (I’m on a diet/ They are too sour
(spicy) for my liking).
It goes without saying we should eat balanced and healthy
food. We shouldn’t eat fatty or junk food because we can put on weight. We
shouldn’t eat too much chocolate, sweets and cakes because they are full of
sugar and bad for our teeth.
We should eat a lot of fruit, vegetables and dairy products.
The English proverb says: An apple a day keeps a doctor away”.
In conclusion I can say that food must be nourishing and
appealing. We must take care of our
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is on the river
Neva. It`s the second biggest city in Russia. It was founded by Peter
the Great.
There are a lot of things to see
and do in Saint Petersburg. It is famous for its canals, moving bridges,
beautiful fountains, interesting museums, theatres and «white nights» in
summer. There are a lot of parks, squares, monuments and statues in Saint
Petersburg . You can take a boat ride on the river. You can visit the
Hermitage. It`s one of the biggest museums in the world.
All in all, Saint Petersburg is a wonderful
city. You should visit it one day.
Moscow
MOSCOW is the capital of Russia. It was
founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky in 1147.It`s the biggest city in Russia
There are a lot of things to see and do in
Moscow. It is popular with tourists. It is famous for Red Square,
St. Basil’s Cathedral and the Kremlin. The Spasskaya Tower is the symbol of the
country. There are a lot
of beautiful palaces, churches , monuments , amusement parks and shops in Moscow. The
largest museums are the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts and the Tretyakov Gallery.
The best- known theatre is the Bolshoi Theatre. You can also visit Moscow Zoo
and see the animals from all over the world.
All in all, Saint Petersburg is a
wonderful city. Moscow is worth visiting.
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