Научно-исследовательская работа "Леонардо де Винчи"

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  Leonardo da Vinci is an unknown engineer

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  Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci 15 April 1452 –  2 May 1519 Готово

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  Research hypothesis: we suppose if a person is really talented – he is talented in everything, and can manifest himself in different areas of creativity. The research problem is it only the artistic legacy of Leonardo da Vinci are worthy of study. The object of study is the engineering works of Leonardo da Vinci as the inventor and compare them with technical devices designs, prototypes in the modern world. The purpose of this study is to show others that Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist but also an inventor. Готово

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  Mechanical lion Готово

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  Reducer

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  Ball bearing

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  Catapults and ballista

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  Self-propelled cart

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  Rapid-fire weapons

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  Closed armor chariot

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  Robot-knight

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  Advanced robot

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  Submarine

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  Diving suit

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  Arch bridge

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  Parachute

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  Flying machine

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  Flying machine

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  Conclusion After the theoretical study of creativity of Leonardo Da Vinci we came to the conclusion that he was not only an artist but also a great engineer and inventor. Leonardo Da Vinci has left a great artistic heritage and in mechanics he has invested no less than in painting. He worked in various fields of engineering such as robotics, automotive, shipbuilding, architecture, Aeronautics, life support systems. Leonardo Da Vinci in his inventions ahead of not only the acts of many of his contemporaries but also their time.

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  Thank you for your attention

МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОДИНЦОВСКАЯ СРЕДНЯЯ ОБЩЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ

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Leonardo da Vinci is an unknown engineer

(исследование)

Выполнил:

Теняев Максим 7 Л класс

Черникин Илья 7 Л класс

Московская обл., г.Одинцово,

ул. Кутузовская, д.17, кв.176

Руководитель:

Сусина Юлия Борисовна,

учитель английского языка

МБОУ Одинцовская СОШ №17

Одинцово

2017

Contents

I. Introduction …………………………………………………………………… 3

Goals and objectives………………………………………………………. 3

II. Main part

Chapter I. Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci

1.1. On Earth ….………………………………………………………………... 4

Mechanical lion ..…..……………………………………………………...4

Reducer.…………...…………………………………………………….….4

Catapults and ballistae…….……………………………………………..…4

Rapid-fire weapons………...…………………………………………….…5

The self-propelled trolley…...…………………………………….…….... 5

Tank….……………………………………………………….………..…..6

Mechanical knight……….………………………………………. ….….…6

Elevator.……………………………………………………………….….. 6

1.2. On the water……..…………………………………………………………..7

Submarine………….………………………………………………….…...7

Diving suit……………..……………………………………….……….…7

Webbed gloves…………….………………………………………….…...8

Arch bridge……...…………………………………….…………………...8

1.3.. In the sky..…………………………………………………….…….……....9

Parachute….……………………………………………………….………9

Helical propeller…………..………………………………………….……9

Flying machine………...………………………………………………......9

Glider…...………………………………………………….……………..10

Chapter 2. The practical part……………………………………………………. .11

III. Conclusion…...………………………………………………………..….…12

IV. Sources of information…….…………………………………….………….13

V. Appendix ……………………………………………………………………...14

Introduction

Our contemporaries know Leonardo da Vinci as a brilliant painter and sculptor of the Renaissance epoch, famous for its unique paintings such as “Mona Lisa” and the “Last supper”. He played the lyre masterly. When the court of Milan considered the case of Leonardo, he appeared as a musician there. Among the hobbies Leonardo was even cooking and the art of serving. He was manager of court feasts in Milan for 13 years. Besides, he was actively interested in anatomy, astronomy and urban planning. He has been described as the archetype of the "Renaissance man" and a universal genius. However, da Vinci considered himself first and foremost an engineer or a scientist in different periods of his life.

A huge amount of interesting information somewhat contrary to what is taught in schools on the lessons of World Art Culture and History. The problem of intellectual development of schoolchildren identified the importance and relevance of this study.

Research hypothesis: we suppose if a person is really talented – he is talented in everything, and can manifest himself in different areas of creativity.

The research problem is it only the artistic legacy of Leonardo da Vinci are worthy of study.

The object of study is the engineering works of Leonardo da Vinci as the inventor and compare them with technical devices designs, prototypes in the modern world.

The subject of the study is prototypes of modern technical devices that were created by Leonardo.

The purpose of this study is to show others that Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist but also an inventor.

The aim of this research:

• to study the technical creativity of Leonardo da Vinci;

• identify engineering ideas of Leonardo the epitome of which is carried out Leno at a later time;

• to identify areas of technical interests da Vinci.

Research methods:

• theoretical (the study and analysis of literature, articles and Internet sites on the topic, visits to exhibitions).

The lack of school textbooks of course we are interested in information and identified the scientific novelty of this study.

Main part

Chapter I. Inventions of Leonardo da Vinci

1.1. On the Earth

Scientists have studied theoretical works of da Vinci detailed and proved that the "patent" on the helicopter, parachute, automobile and many other inventions belong to Leonardo da Vinci. Made of da Vinci's discoveries and inventions are the most significant of which more than fifty, covering all fields of knowledge, fully anticipating the main directions of development of modern science.

Some were created for fun. For example, Leonardo constructed wooden mechanical lion for a meeting in Milan of the French king Louis XII in 1499 . The lion could move and it went to meet the king, suddenly his chest opened, and from it to the feet of king fell the lilies.

Among Leonardo`s devices it often met system for transmitting motion. Reducer is the mechanism for transmitting and converting torque of one or more mechanical transmissions. The main characteristics of the reducer are efficiency, reduction ratio, transmitted power, maximum angular velocity of the shafts, the number of leading and driven shafts, the type and amount of gear and levels. To transmit rotary motion, used gearprofiles of teeth which is geometrically illustrated in the presentation. On the basis of the gearboxes it was possible to build various actuators and rotary mechanisms (see Appendix, Il. 1, 2, 3) but the elevators, and even ball bearings (see Appendix, Il. 4, 5).

Leonardo da Vinci designed many weapons in particular catapults and ballistae. Catapult (gr. καταπέλτης, lat. tormentum, catapulta) is a Greek term used to describe any catapult. Roman authors called the catapult "tormentum" from the word to twist that is machines with torsion principle. In Roman times catapult (catapulta) it was called Streamate, but the decline of the Roman Empire Streamate were called ballistae, and catapults the name has spread to all catapults with torsion principle. Catapult is one of the most ancient traditional weapons (see Appendix, Il. 6).

Catapult with a winch had a flexible shoulder which bent back with power of manual winch as well as the bucket where was placed stone to throw. Bolt the winches were opened, freeing the flexible shoulder. Striking the bucket a stone is thrown to a considerable distance.. Group of catapults that will hit the enemy at the same time could provide perfect protection. From the drawings of Leonardo da Vinci can be seen that the idea of the neutral plane came to him when studying the effects of the crossbow. An example is his drawing of a giant catapult for firing stones. Flexion arc of this weapon were produced using a screw gate; the stone flew out of the pocket located in the center of the dual string. As a collar, and a pocket for a stone drawn (enlarged) same as in figures crossbow (see Appendix, Il. 7).

Another concern of Leonardo was fire rate of weapon. Its solution was supposed to establish three multi-barrel sets on the triangular swivel frame. A row of trunks fires, the second charges, the third could cools the same time (see Appendix, Il. 8). Such prototypes of machine guns were supposed to shoot lead bullets creating a dense fire barrier.

One of the most interesting for the modern man of da Vinci's inventions was, of course, a car that was driven by the energy of the two springs. Self-propelled cart had to move through difficult crossbow mechanism which would transmit the energy to the actuators connected to the steering wheel. Cart da Vinci was tricycle and was powered by a windup spring mechanism. The two rear wheels were independent from each other and their rotation produced a complex system of gears. In addition, to the front wheel there was another small swivel which was placed on a wooden lever. The most important detail of this invention is the presence of brakes (see Appendix, Il. 9,10).

Originally this vehicle was intended for the amusement of the royal court and belonged to that series of self-propelled machines that were created by other engineers of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Master focused on the engine and the chassis, so the design of the "body" which could have such a machine, has not reached us.

In 1482 the Duke of Milan Lodovico Sforza invited da Vinci to serve on the College of Ducal Engineers primarily as an architect, hydraulic engineer, engineer of civil structures and a designer of military vehicles. Leonardo offered the ruler of Milan his projects of "very light and durable bridges", "guns, mortars and light weapons of a new and convenient form, very different from all known; Armed wagons, invulnerable and unapproachable. He actively advertised his military-technical ideas.

He offered to make chariot armor closed which would not be afraid of enemy shelling. In shape, they resembled inverted soup plates in a kind of "turtles" covered with metal sheets and armed with a gun (see Appendix, Il 11). The engine of this "tank" was to be the horses inside but later Leonardo refused this idea because the animals could panic in an enclosed space, so to bring the whole structure into motion and to fight, it was suggested to use a crew of 8 people.

Approximately in 1496 Leonardo da Vinci designed a mechanical knight (see Appendix, Il 12), dressed in armor apparently being the first anthropomorphic robot. The drawings of robot were found in the documents of Leonardo in the 1950s. On the frame of the robot was wearing German-Italian knight's armor, it was programmed to simulate human movements. The technology was based in part on Leonardo's research in anatomy in particular the Vitruvian man.

Inside the armor was a mechanism that moves the artificial man with the help of cables and rollers, creating the illusion that there is a living person inside. The robot knight was able to sit down, move his head and hands, anatomically correctly open and close his mouth. Also he could simulate sounds. The robot went under the accompaniment of automatic drums.

The artist's drawings show that all parts of the device had sufficient coordination: control over them was carried out by means of a mechanical control device of a programmable direct coding method and a robot located in the chest, and the legs were driven separately by an external handle pulling the cable connected to the most important links in the ankle, knee and thigh). It is not known whether the construction was built by the author.

In 2005 the staff of the Faculty of Biochemical Engineering, University of Connecticut engaged in the re-creation of the robot-knight da Vinci. The project will be implemented using computer technology: the robot contained electronic stuffing, had a more developed body structure and voice control.

The great artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci invented an elevator among many inventions. In his design the great master used steel cables, rope drums and cog wheels. But the most interesting happened much later when according to his drawings engineer Larin built an elevator which is now in use.

1.2. On the Water

The scientist is the inventor of a spacesuit, a submarine, a steamer and flippers. He has a manuscript which shows the possibility of immersion to great depths without a spacesuit thanks to the use of a special gas mixture (the secret of which he deliberately destroyed). To make such an invention it was necessary to know the biochemical processes in the human body which at that time simply was not known.

In 1502, Leonardo da Vinci, in one of his notebooks, which the present researchers of his work gave the conditional name of the "Atlantic Code", cited a number of specific instructions for divers. There he also preserved a sketch of a small submarine with sharpened extremities, and in the middle part of the body a low felling with an entrance hatch. This sketch of the Leonardo submarine was accompanied by a signature: “How with the help of fixtures, many people will have the opportunity to stay under water for a certain time... I do not publish or disclose my method because of the evil nature of people who would engage in treacherous murders on the seabed, destroying ships in their lowest parts and drowning them with the team”.

These words can be understood as if Leonardo wanted to slow down the technical progress in this field of homicide However, it is known that he was in the service of the Duke of Sforza and the Duke of Borgia himself precisely as a military engineer. In this text Leonardo set out specific instructions for divers on the technique of submarine sabotage. For example, he explained how to blast ships from under the water with powder mines, how to drown them by drilling holes in the bottoms, how to anchor ship anchors on the ground with special screws.

Living in Venice at the end of the 15th century, da Vinci developed an idea to repel the invasion of ships. It was enough to send men to the bottom of the harbor in diving suits (see Appendix, Il. 13), and there they would just open the bottoms of ships like cans. Perhaps, this idea does not impress you because at present its implementation seems rather simple. But in the da Vinci era it was unheard of.

Da Vinci divers could breathe with an underwater bell with air, put on masks with glass holes through which one could see under the water. In another version of the concept, divers could breathe with wine bottles filled with air. In both cases men would carry bottles that they urinated, so they could stay under water for a very long time. The da Vinci plan was not only implemented - it was practical! Leonardo created a project of a diving suit which was made of waterproof leather. He had to have a large breast pocket, which was filled with air to increase the volume which made it easier for the diver to climb to the surface. The diver at Leonardo had a flexible breathing tube that connected his helmet with a protective floating dome on the surface of the water (made preferably from cane with leather compounds).

Perhaps, it was not the first device for immersion. It is believed that Alexander the Great descended into the water in a glass vessel in 332 BC.. However, a full suit for diving was invented by Leonardo. To accelerate navigation the scientist developed a scheme for membranous gloves (see Appendix, Il. 14) which eventually turned into well-known fins (see Appendix, Il. 15). The speedy crossing of troops through water obstacles has always been a special concern. Leonardo proposed a collapsible bridge design which could be assembled for a not very long time. "I know how to build very light and strong bridges suitable for transportation in attack and retreat, protected from fire and shells," wrote Leonardo da Vinci introducing himself as a specialist experienced in the field of military engineering.

The arch bridge (see Appendix, Il. 16) was made of logs connected together by ropes. In the result was two arches. In the middle of the bridge there was a wooden pavement fixed on the crossbeams. Such bridges could easily be built from accessible materials could be transported by ropes and were intended mainly for military purposes.

Leonardo studied the resistance of materials and used the information obtained in the design of such bridges. Indeed, this bridge has qualities that are especially useful in military affairs. For all the brittleness and delicacy, the design is very resistant to loads (see Appendix, Il. 17).

Leonardo da Vinci offered the Turkish sultan Bayazet II a project of a giant bridge connecting Istanbul and Galatau the suburb of Constantinople on the opposite bank of the Golden Horn. Sailing ships could sail under this bridge. Leonardo wrote: "I heard that you have an intention to build a bridge from Galata to Istanbul but that you did not build it because of the lack of a knowledgeable master. Bayazet refused the services of the Florentine.

But in 2001 in Norway over the motorway it was built a 100-meter pedestrian bridge on the sketches of Leonardo da Vinci. He exactly repeats all the design features of the Leonardo project, except for the material. The modern bridge is made of wood whereas the Leonardo da Vinci bridge was designed from stone. The new bridge is inferior to its medieval prototype in length 100 m instead of 346 but it exactly repeats all the design and aesthetic merits of the Leonardo Bridge (see Appendix, Il. 18, 19).

1.3. In the sky

The prophetical design was the drawing of the device (see Appendix, Il. 20, 21) which Leonardo described himself as follows "If you have enough linen fabric sewn into a pyramid with a base of 12 yards (about 7 m 20 cm) Jump from any height without any harm to your body.

"The master made this record between 1483 and 1486. Several centuries later such a device was called the "parachute" (from the Greek para - "against" and the French "chute" - fall). The first parachute descents were made by the French engineer Veranzio (from the roof of the high tower in 1617) and balloonist Garneran (from the balloon in 1797).

It is interesting that Leonardo's idea was brought to the logical end only by the Russian inventor Kotelnikov who created the first knapsack rescue parachute attached to the back of the pilot in 1911.

The greatest interest for modern aeronautical engineers is the model of a spiral propeller the ancestor of a helicopter. Figure of the propeller (see Appendix, Il. 22) can be dated between 1483 and 1486. This is one of the most famous drawings of Leonardo da Vinci.

Only one note is given to the drawing this is the diameter of the propeller up to 5 meters use in the manufacture of cane, linen cloth and rope. Leonardo assumed that the mechanism will be controlled by four people who will be on the central platform and at the expense of manual levers betray the rotational movement of the screw.

The machine designed by Leonardo would probably never come off the ground and could not move. But if you increase the driving force (instead of human), then the machine can fully rise into the air and move in space. Knowing about other developments of Leonardo, you can also say that using additional devices flight could be managed.

Obviously, Leonardo considered this his development of secondary and the idea itself was borrowed from the design of toys invented by others. Most likely, the idea of ​​using this screw in the future did not interest him. It was simply not possible to apply another motor force at that time. Therefore, the most developed mechanisms with passive traction - mechanisms with wings (gliders). And also mechanisms with moving wings after bird watching.

Leonardo was a very observant person and tried to summarize all his observations

Creation of "aircraft" master began with the study of the anatomy of the dragonfly and its behavior in the air, then came up with a waving wing - in essence, a stand to study the "repulsion" of the air. As a result, Leonardo did not manage to create an operational model of the aircraft (see Appendix, Il. 23). He concentrated his attention only on the device of the wing, worrying little about the power components of the mechanism (although he, the sophisticated anatomist, probably knew that the muscles of the hands of man could not provide the effort required for frequent sweeps with huge wings).

One of the inventions of the great Leonardo da Vinci was recreated in Great Britain in 2002. In the skies over Surrey a prototype of a modern hang glider was successfully tested compiled exactly according to the drawings (see Appendix, Il. 24) by the mechanic from Bedfordshire Steve Roberts.

Test flights from the hills of Surrey were carried out twice by the world champion in hang gliding Judy Liden.

She managed to raise the Da Vinci's proto-hang-glider to a maximum height of 10 m and stay in the air for 17 seconds.

That was enough to prove that the device actually works.

By itself the flying machine was far from perfect. "It was almost impossible to manage it. I flew to where the wind was blowing, and I could not help it. Probably, just the same felt the tester of the first in the history of the car, " said Judy.

Chapter 2. THE PRACTICAL PART

According to surveys of 32 people in the age category from 16 to 50 years (16 years old - 14 people, 43.7%, 17 years old - 6 people, 18.7%, more than 20 - 12 people, 37.5%, Male - 7 people, 21.8% Female - 25 people, 78.1% we have found that they know who Leonardo da Vinci is - 30 people - 93.7% of the respondents.

 To the question "Who was Leonardo da Vinci?" The answers were very different:

An artist - a painter - 20 people, 62.5%

Sculptor - 10 people, 31.2%

The architect - 7 people, 21.8%

The scientist, engaged in mathematics, physics, physiology, botany, geology - 13 people, 40.6%

The writer - 6 people, 18.7%

Philosopher - 10 people, 31.2%

Mechanic - inventor - 9 people, 28.1%

Theater director and fabulist - 1 person, 3.1%

The singer and musician-3 people, 9.3%

All of the above is 8 people, 25%

 Answering the question "In what century did he live?" 90.6% of respondents answered correctly.

 To the question "What did Leonardo da Vinci invent?" They answered:

Searchlight - 7 people, 21.8%

Lifebuoy - 2 people, 6.2%

Catapult - 11 people, 34.7%

Excavator - 2 people, 6.2%

Tank - 2 people, 6.2%

Robot-2 people, 6.2%

Bicycle - 6 people, 18.7%

Parachute - 9 people, 28.1%

Light portable bridges for the army - 6 people, 18.7%

Two-lens telescope - 9 people, 28.1%

The hang glider - 11 people, 34.7%

Difficult to answer - 4 people, 12.5%

In the end we came to the conclusion that in the 21st century the modern youth knows very little about Leonardo da Vinci we propose to talk about it in the lessons of physics, biology, music, the MHC a little more often. We will talk about the life and work of this non-ordinary person.

Conclusion

The creative heritage of Leonardo da Vinci is multifaceted. His contribution to science is colossal. "Truth is the only daughter of time" said Da Vinci. It is now time to evaluate the true merits of his ideas that have outstripped their time.

Da Vinci worked in various fields of engineering, such as robotics (lion and knight models), mechanics (reducer), automotive (self-propelled vehicle), shipbuilding (submarine), architecture (arch bridge), aeronautics (parachute, hang-gliding), life support systems (Breathing mixtures and devices for divers).

Conclusion: In this paper, we proved that Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist but also an outstanding inventor since he invented a self-propelled wagon, a diving suit, a parachute, a prototype of a modern tank, a hang-glider, a robot, a quick-fire small arms, and much more.

Sources of information

1. Wikipedia/ Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource]. Address: http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Да_Винчи

2. Around the world/ Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource]. Address: http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/encyclopedia/index.php?title

3. The exhibition Leonardo da Vinci/ Philadelphia.[Electronic resource].

Address: http://leonardodavinciworkshop.com/gallery_philadelphia/index.html

4. The inventions of Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource].

Address: http://charming-face.ru/blog/43467427934/Izobreteniya-Leonardo-da-Vinchi

5. Italy, Milan national Museum of science and technology Leonardo da Vinci

http://turj.ru/blog/history/1901.html

6. Class probability in physics [Electronic resource]. Address:

http://class-fizika.narod.ru/leo4.htm

7. The world of Leonardo [Electronic resource]. Address: http://worldleonard.h1.ru/doc/leonardo/machine_001.htm

8. New Acropolis/ Bridge Leonardo [Electronic resource]. Address: http://www.newacropol.ru/study/child/workshop/most-leonardo-vinchi/

9. Site about Leonardo da Vinci/ Inventions [Electronic resource].

Address: http://leovinci.ru/technics/

10. College; all of appliances/equipment. Leonardo da Vinci physics [Electronic resource]. Address:

http://www.technikum.ru/content/istorija-tehniki-leonardo-da-vinchi

11. Evolution/ Leonardo da Vinci (Leonardo da Vinci) biography [Electronic resource]. Address: http://evolutsia.com/content/view/409/

12. Yandex/Images/Leonardo Bridge in Norway [Electronic resource]. Address: http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?text

13. Yandex/Images/Submarine Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource]. Address: http://images.yandex.ru/yandsearch?p=3&text

14. The Most famous inventions of Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource]. Address: http://www.yaplakal.com/forum2/topic265724.html

15. ANDROВOTS.RU /Robot knight Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource].

Address: http://androbots.ru/istoriya_robototehniki/robot_da_vinchi/robot_rycar_leonardo.php

16. Hi-tech news/news of high technology/10 brilliant inventions of Leonardo da Vinci [Electronic resource]. Address:

http://hi-news.ru/technology/10-genialnyx-izobretenij-leonardo-da-vinchi.html

Appendix

Illustration 1 illustration 2 illustration 3

Illustration 4 illustration 5

Illustration 6 illustration 7

illustration 8 illustration 9

illustration 10 illustration 11

illustration 12 illustration 13

illustration 14 illustration 15

illustration 16 illustration 17

illustration 18 illustration 19

Illustration 20 illustration 21

Illustration 22 illustration 23

Illustration 24

по Отзыв на научно-исследовательскую работу по английскому языку

на тему “Leonardo da Vinci is an unknown engineer”,

выполненную учениками 7Л класса МБОУ Одинцовская СОШ №17

Теняевым Максимом и Черникиным Ильей

Содержание научно-исследовательской работы, выполненной Теняевым Максимом и Черникиным Ильей, полностью соответствует заявленной теме: “Leonardo da Vinci is an unknown engineer ”.

Тема, данной работы, интересна и актуальна. Авторы работы ставят перед собой задачу выяснить, насколько была многогранна личность Леонардо да Винчи и только ли художественное наследие Леонардо да Винчи достойно изучения. Тема исследования выходит за рамки школьной программы и помогает ребенку освоить знания, находящиеся на стыке разных наук: физики, истории и мировой художественной культуры. До сих пор проблема, известен ли Леонардо да Винчи широкому кругу, как инженер детальному исследованию не подвергалась и не предъявлялась в школьном курсе изучения английского языка, что и обусловило выбор темы исследования, а также вытекает значимость и ценность данного исследования.

В работе ощущается хорошая проработка использованной литературы. Авторы грамотно пользуется специальной терминологией.

Работа написана грамотно, выполнена в полном объеме, последовательно изложена соответственно составленному плану.

Оформление работы соответствует предъявленным требованиям.

Введение: раскрыты цели и задачи работы.

Основная часть: в данной научно-исследовательской работе учащиеся анализируют инженерное творчество Леонардо да Винчи как изобретателя., составляют классификацию его изобретений, устанавливают и определяют ценность его изобретений для будущих поколений.

Заключение: авторы приходят к выводу, что если человек действительно талантлив – он талантлив во всем, и может проявить себя в различных областях творчества. И многие технические устройства и конструкции используемые в современном мире это прототипы которые были созданы Леонардо.

Данная работа достигла цели, т.е. было проведено комплексное изучение технического творчества Леонардо да Винчи и его инженерных задумок, воплощение которых осуществлено в более позднее время.

Материалы данной работы могут быть использованы на уроках английского языка с целью повышения интереса к изучению предмета и привлечения внимания учащихся к выдающимся людям, внесшим огромный вклад в развитие технического прогресса.

Научный руководитель: учитель английского языка Сусина Ю.Б.

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Тезисы Ильи

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Our contemporaries know Leonardo da Vinci as a brilliant painter and sculptor of the Renaissance epoch, famous for his unique paintings such as “Mona Lisa” and “The Last supper”. He played the lyre masterly. Among the hobbies Leonardo was even cooking and the art of serving. He was a manager of court feasts for 13 years in Milan. Besides, he was actively interested in anatomy, astronomy and urban planning. For nearly five centuries people wonder not only the artistic legacy of Leonardo da Vinci but his theoretical works, discoveries and inventions.

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In 1499 Leonardo has designed a wooden mechanical lion for a meeting of the French king Louis XII in Milan . The lion was moving. It went to meet the king and suddenly its chest opened, and the lilies fell from it to the feet of the king.

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Catapult is one of the oldest traditional types of weapons - throwing machine. For example we can see his drawing of a giant catapult to fire stones.

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Self-propelled cart was moving through a complex crossbow mechanism which would transmit the energy to the actuators connected to the steering wheel. The most important detail of this invention is the presence of brakes.

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The Leonardo`s robot is a manlike mechanism, the technology of it was developed by Leonardo da Vinci in approximately in 1495. Drawings of the robot were found in the papers of Leonardo in 1950-ies. It is not known whether the development carried out.

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The modern model of the robot Leonardo da Vinci.

Manual control of the robot.

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While staying in Venice in the late 15th century da Vinci developed the idea to repel the invading ships. It was enough to send men to the bottom of the Harbor in diving suits. Divers da Vinci was able to breathe the underwater bell of air, wore masks with glass apertures and it was possible to see under water through them.

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The prophetic drawing of the device, which Leonardo himself described as follows: “If you have enough linen of fabric sewn into a pyramid with a base 12 yards you can jump from any height without any harm to your body.”

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After the theoretical study of creativity of Leonardo Da Vinci we came to the conclusion that he was not only an artist but also a great engineer and inventor. Leonardo Da Vinci has left a great artistic heritage and in mechanics he has invested no less than in painting. He worked in various fields of engineering such as robotics, automotive, shipbuilding, architecture, Aeronautics, life support systems. Leonardo Da Vinci in his inventions ahead of not only the acts of many of his contemporaries but also their time.

Тезисы для Максима

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The theme of our research is “Leonardo da Vinci is an unknown engineer”.

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Research hypothesis: we suppose if a person is really talented – he is talented in everything, and can manifest himself in different areas of creativity.

The research problem is it only the artistic legacy of Leonardo da Vinci are worthy of study.

The object of study is the engineering works of Leonardo da Vinci as the inventor and compare them with technical devices designs, prototypes in the modern world.

The purpose of this study is to show others that Leonardo da Vinci was not only an artist but also an inventor.

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In Leonardo`s devices it often met transmission system of the movement – the gears. In order to transmit rotary motion it used gear the profiles of the teeth are illustrated here.

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On the basis of the gearboxes it was possible to build not only drives but also elevators and even ball bearings.

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Another concern Leonardo was the fire rate of weapon. Its solution was supposed to establish three multi-barrel sets on the triangular swivel frame. A row of trunks fires the second charge and the third cools.

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Tank of the Renaissance, which is considered the main prototype of the modern tanks were to be constructed of wood and metal parts. The mechanism by which the movement was carried out, consisted of wheels, toothed gears and arms.

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Preserved the sketch of a small submarine having a pointy tip and in the middle of the hull was a small cabin with entrance hatch.

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Arch bridge. Facilitating the crossing of the rivers, these bridges contributed to the rapid and covert movement of troops, creating the element of surprise and led to a successful outcome of the battle. In modern Norway is the current bridge, designed by Leonardo da Vinci.

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Many scholars believe that Leonardo invented the helicopter and gave the first modern variant of the propeller.

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The creation of "aircraft," the master began with a study of the anatomy of the dragonfly and its behavior in the air, then came up with flapping wing - in essence, stand for the study of the "push" from the air.