Преобразование прямой речи в косвенную

Indirect Speech

Косвенная речь

Речь, которая передает подлинные слова какого-либо лица, называется прямой речью. Речь, в которой передается содержание того, что было кем-либо сказано, называется косвенной речью.

При изменении прямой речи в косвенную соблюдаются правила согласования времен.

Ø  Present Simple è Past Simple

He said: “I think Mary is right” è He said he thought Mary was right.

Ø  Past Simple è Past Perfect

He said: “I lived in London” è He said he had lived in London.

Ø  Present Perfect è Past Perfect

She said: “I have done it” è She said she had done it.

Ø  Future Simple è Future-in-the-Past

I said: “They will go abroad” è I said they would go abroad.

Прямая речь è	èКосвенная речь
Am/is/are She said: “Pete is reading”.	Was/were She said Pete was reading
Have/has I said to Mary: “Bob has got a dog”	Had I told Mary Bob had got a dog.
Can Tim said to Nick: “I can’t swim”	Could Tim told to Nick he couldn’t swim
Do/does I said: “It doesn’t snow here”	Did I said it didn’t snow here.
Play/write Mary said to Pam: “We play volleyball in the gym”	Played/wrote Mary told to Pam they played volleyball in the gym.

Все личные и притяжательные местоимения изменяются в зависимости от того, от какого лица что-то сообщается.

 Pam said to Jill: “I want to talk to you.” è Pam told Jill she wanted to talk to her.

Если в косвенной речи сообщается о событии, которое является общеизвестным фактом, то правило согласования времен в этом случае часто не применяется.

Teacher said: “Paris is the capital of France.” è Teacher said Paris is the capital of France.

Если после глагола «to say», который вводит прямую речь, есть указание на то, к кому эта речь обращена, то глагол «to say» меняется на «to tell».

Mary said to Pam: “We play volleyball in the gym.” è Mary told to Pam they played volleyball in the gym.

Союз that часто опускается после глаголов to say, to think, to know и т.д.

He remembered (that) she had asked him about it.

The brothers say: “We shan’t do our homework now. We’ll do it later.” è The brothers say (that) they wouldn’t do their homework then, they will do it later.

В утвердительных и отрицательных предложениях в косвенной речи происходят также следующие изменения:

-now è then -today è that day -tomorrow è the next day -the day after tomorrow è two days later -in two days è two days later -ago è before

-next year è the next year -last week è the previous week, the week before -here è there -this è that -these è those

Вопросительные предложения в косвенной речи

В вопросах в косвенной речи соблюдается прямой порядок слов, т.е. сказуемое стоит после подлежащего.

“Do you like sweets?” asked Winnie-the-Pooh. è Winnie-the-Pooh asked if I liked sweets.

Piglet asked: “Where has Roo gone?” è Piglet wanted to know where Roo had gone.

Просьбы и приказания в косвенной речи

Повелительные предложения в косвенной речи вводятся обычно глаголами to ask, to tell, to order, при этом указывается лицо, к которому обращена просьба/приказ.

The teacher says: “Learn this poem by heart!” è The teacher asks/tells to the pupils to learn this poem by heart.

March Hare says to Alice: “Don’t go there!” è March Hare asks/tells Alice not to go there.