New
York City
New York City is a city
in the southern end of the state of New York, and is the most populous city in
the United States of America. New York City is a global economic center, with
its business, finance, trading, law, and media organizations influential worldwide.
The city is also an important cultural center, with many museums, galleries,
and performance venues. Home of the United Nations, the city is a hub for
international diplomacy. With over 8.2 million residents within an area of 322
square miles (830 km²), New York City has the highest population density
of major cities in the United States. The New York metropolitan area, with a
population of 18.8 million, ranks among the largest urban areas in the world.
The official Flag of the
City of New York is designed to bear the same colors (orange, white, and blue)
as the flag of the United Netherlands used in 1625, the year New Amsterdam was
settled on the island of Manhattan. Located in the center is a blue print of
the official Seal of New York City.
The Seal of the City of
New York, adopted in an earlier form in 1686, bears the legend SIGILLUM
CIVITATIS NOVI EBORACI which means simply "The Seal of the City of New
York": Eboracum was the Roman name for York, the titular seat of James II
as Duke of York. The symbols in the seal are interpreted as
follows:
•
Eagle
- the symbol of New York State.
•
Indian
- represents the Native Americans who preceded the Europeans.
•
Sailor
- represents the settlement of the area.
•
Beaver
- represents the Dutch West India Company, the first company in the city.
•
Windmill,
Barrel and Flower - represent early industry.
•
1625
- the year in which Manhattan Island was established by the Dutch.
The region was inhabited
by the Lenape Native Americans at the time of its European discovery in 1524 by
Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian explorer in the service of the French crown,
who called it "Nouvelle Angoulême“.
Giovanni da Verrazzano
was he first known European navigator to enter New York Harbor where the
Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is named in his honor, and Narragansett Bay, where the
Jamestown-Verrazano Bridge is located.
•
European
settlement began with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement, later
called "New Amsterdam," on the southern tip of Manhattan in 1614.
•
Dutch
colonial Director-General Peter Minuit purchased the island of Manhattan from
the Canarsie Native Americans in 1626 (legend, now disproved).
•
In
1664, the British conquered the city and renamed it "New York" after
the English Duke of York and Albany.
Waterways:
1.
Hudson River,
2.
East
River,
3.
Long
Island Sound,
4.
Newark
Bay,
5.
Upper
New York Bay,
6.
Lower
New York Bay,
7.
Jamaica Bay,
8.
Atlantic Ocean
The
Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk in Mahican is a river that runs through
the eastern portion of New York State and, along its southern terminus,
demarcates the border between the states of New York and New Jersey. It is
named for Henry Hudson, an Englishman sailing for the Netherlands, who explored
it in 1609. Early European settlement of the area clustered around the river.
The area inspired the Hudson River school of painting, a sort of early American
pastoral idyll.
The
East River is a tidal strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay
on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long
Island from the island of Manhattan and the Bronx on the North American
mainland. The river is spanned by thirteen tunnels.
The
East River is a tidal strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay
on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end. It separates Long
Island from the island of Manhattan and the Bronx on the North American
mainland. The river is spanned by thirteen tunnels.
Liberty
Enlightening the World known more commonly as the Statue of Liberty , is a
large statue that was presented to the United States by France , standing at
Liberty Island as a welcome to all visitors, immigrants, and returning
Americans. The copper-clad statue, dedicated on October 28, 1886, commemorates
the centennial of the United States and is a gesture of friendship from France
to America.
The
statue shows a woman standing upright, dressed in a robe and a seven point
spiked crown representing the seven seas and continents, holding a stone tablet
close to her body in her left hand and a flaming torch high in her right hand.
The statue is 46.5 m tall, with the foundation adding another 46.9 m. The
tablet contains the text "JULY IV MDCCLXXVI" (July 4, 1776)
commemorating the date of the United States Declaration of Independence.
New
York City is comprised of five boroughs, an unusual form of government used to
administer the five constituent counties that make up the city.
The
five boroughs: 1: Manhattan, 2: Brooklyn,
3: Queens, 4: Bronx, 5: Staten Island
Manhattan
(pop. 1,593,200) is the most densely populated borough of New York City and
home to most of the city's skyscrapers. The borough contains the major business
and financial centers of the city and many cultural attractions, including
numerous museums, the Broadway theatre district and Madison Square Garden.
Manhattan is loosely divided into Downtown, Midtown, and Uptown regions. Uptown
Manhattan is divided by Central Park into the Upper East Side and the Upper
West Side, and above the park is Harlem.
NY city was one of the sites of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, when
nearly 3,000 people died in the destruction of the World Trade Center. The
Freedom Tower will be built on the site and is scheduled for completion in
Brooklyn
(pop. 2,511,408) is the city's most populous borough and was an independent
city until 1898. Brooklyn is known for its cultural and ethnic diversity, an
independent art scene, distinct neighborhoods and a unique architectural
heritage. The borough also features a long beachfront and Coney Island,
established in the 1870s as one of the earliest amusement grounds in the
country.
Queens
(pop.
2,256,576) is geographically the largest borough and the most ethnically
diverse county in the United States. Historically a collection of small towns
and villages founded by the Dutch, the borough today is mainly residential and
middle class. It is the only large county in the United States where the median
income among black households, about $52,000 a year, has surpassed that of
whites. Queens is the site of Shea Stadium, the home of the New York Mets. It
is also the home to New York City's two major airports, LaGuardia Airport and
John F. Kennedy International Airport.
The
Bronx (pop. 1,364,566) is New York City's northernmost
borough. The site of Yankee Stadium, home of the New York the largest
cooperatively owned housing complex in the United States, Yankees, and home to
Co-op City. Except for a small piece of Manhattan known as Marble Hill, the
Bronx is the only section of the city that is part of the United States
mainland. It is home to the Bronx Zoo. The Bronx is the birthplace of rap and
hip hop culture. Famous Bronx neighborhoods include the South Bronx,
"Little Italy" on Arthur Avenue in the Belmont section, Morris Park,
and Riverdale.
Staten
Island (pop. 475,014) is the most suburban in character of
the five boroughs. It is connected to Brooklyn by the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge
and to Manhattan via the free Staten Island Ferry. Until 2001, the borough was
home to the Fresh Kills Landfill, formerly the largest landfill in the world,
which is now being reconstructed as a large urban park.
The
city has more than 2,000 arts and cultural organizations and more than 500 art
galleries of all sizes. Wealthy industrialists in the 19th century built a
network of major cultural institutions, such as the famed Carnegie Hall and
Metropolitan Museum of Art that would become internationally established. The
city's 39 largest theatres are collectively known as "Broadway," The
Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is the largest performing arts center in
the United States.
New
York City has over 28,000 acres (113 km²) of parkland and 14 miles
(22 km) of public beaches. Manhattan's Central Park is the most visited
city park in the United States. Prospect Park in Brooklyn has a 90 acre
(36 Hectare) meadow. Flushing Meadows Park in Queens, the city's third
largest, was the setting for the 1939 World's Fair and 1964 World's Fair
New York's food culture, influenced by the city's immigrants and large number
of dining patrons, is diverse. Jewish and Italian immigrants made the city
famous for bagels, cheesecake and New York style pizza. Some 4,000 mobile food
vendors licensed by the city, many immigrant-owned, have made Middle Eastern
foods such as falafels and kebabs standbys of contemporary New York street
food. The city is also home to many of the finest haute cuisine restaurants in
the United States.
New
York City has teams in each of the major American professional sports leagues.
The city's two current Major League Baseball teams are the New York Yankees and
the New York Mets. The city is represented in the National Football League by
the New York Jets and New York Giants. The New York Rangers and New York
Islanders represent the city in the National Hockey League. The city's National
Basketball Association team is the New York Knicks.
As
a global city, New York supports many events outside the big four American
sports. These include the U.S. Tennis Open, the New York City Marathon and the
Millrose Games, an annual track and field meet whose featured event is the
Wanamaker Mile. Boxing is also a very prominent part of the cities sporting
scene, with events like the Amateur Boxing Golden Gloves being held at Madison
Square Gardens each year.
The
city's public school system, managed by the New York City Department of
Education, is the largest in the United States. About 1.1 million students are
taught in more than 1,200 separate primary and secondary schools. There are
about 600,000 university students in New York City. New York City is also home
to such notable private universities as Columbia University, Cooper Union,
Fordham University, Manhattan College, The New School, New York Institute of
Technology, New York University, Pace University, Polytechnic University, and
St. John's University.
The
New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library
system in the country, serves Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens
is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, which is the nation's second
largest public library system, and Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn. The
New York Public Library has several research libraries, including the Schomburg
Center for Research in Black Culture.
The
New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library
system in the country, serves Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens
is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, which is the nation's second
largest public library system, and Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn. The
New York Public Library has several research libraries, including the Schomburg
Center for Research in Black Culture.
The
New York City Subway is one of the largest rapid transit systems in the world
with 1,062 km of mainline track. The transportation system in New York
City is extensive and complex. It includes the longest suspension bridge in
North America, the world's first mechanically ventilated vehicular tunnel, more
than 12,000 yellow cabs and an aerial tramway that transports commuters between
Roosevelt Island and Manhattan
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