The alloemic theory and classification of lingual units on the basis of this theory The method of ‘distributional analysis’ and three types of morphemes

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  The alloemic theory and classification of lingual units on the basis of this theory
  The method of ‘distributional analysis’ and three types of morphemes
  

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  The alloemic theory
  
  
  Allo-terms: Eme-terms:
  
  Allophones Phonemes
  Allomorphs Morphemes
  
  

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  The aim of distributional analysis is to fix and study the units of language in relation to their textual environments, i.e. the adjoining elements in the text
  

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  The environment of a unit
  
  
  
  “right” “left”
  
  e.g. : un- pardon- able
  

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  ‘distributional analysis’
  I. The analysed text is divided into recurrent segments consisting of phonemes (morphs)
  e.g. The/boat/s/were/gain/ing/speed
  II. The environmental features of the morphs are established and the corresponding idetifications are effected
  

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  Types of distribution
  
  
  Contrastive Non-contrastive Complementary
  The suffixes “free alternants” the allomorphs
  - (e)d,-ing - (e)d, -t of the plural
  in the verb-forms learned, morpheme /s/, /z/, /iz/
  returned,returing leant the plural allomorph
  -en, oxen, children
  

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  Classification of morphemes
  On the basis of the degree of self-dependence
  
  
  free bound
  
  e.g. Handful hand (free) + ful (bound)
  

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  Productive bound morphemes
  1. The segments – (e)s [-z,-s,-iz]: the plural of nouns, the possessive case of nouns, the third person singular present of verbs
  2. The segments -(e)d [-d,-t,-id]: the past and past participle of verbs
  3. The segments – ing: the gerund and present participle
  4. The segments – er, est: the comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives and adverbs
  

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  Classification of morphemes
  On the basis of formal presentation
  
  
  Overt Covert
  

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  Classification of morphemes
  On the basis of segmental relation
  
  
  segmental supra-segmental
  

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  Classification of morphemes
  On the basis of grammatical alternation
  
  
  additive replacive
  look+ed dr-i-ve/dr-o-ve/dr-i-ven
  small+er m-a-n/m-e-n
  
  

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  Classification of morphemes
  On the basis of linear of characteristic
  
  
  continuous (linear) discontinuous
  
  Be...ing – for the continuous verb forms (e.g. Is going); have...en - for the perfect verb forms (e.g. Has gone); be...en – for the passive verb forms (e.g. Is taken)
  

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