Текст и задания по теме "Обычаи и традиции"

Customs and Traditions

HOLIDAYS IN GREAT BRITAIN

There are fewer public holidays in Great Britain than in other European countries. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday and Summer Bank Holiday. Public holidays in Britain are called bank holidays, because the banks as well as most of the offices and shops are closed.

The most popular holiday is Christmas. Every year the people of Norway give the city of London a present. It's a big Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Central streets are beautifully decorated.

Before Christmas, groups of singers go from house to house. They collect money for charity and sing carols, traditional Christmas songs. Many churches hold a carol service on the Sunday before Christmas.

The fun starts the night before, on the 24th of December. Traditionally this is the day when people decorate their trees. Children hang stockings at the end of their beds, hoping that Father Christmas will come down the chimney during the night and fill them with toys and sweets.

Christmas is a family holiday. Relatives usually meet for the big Christmas dinner of turkey and Christmas pudding. And everyone gives and receives presents. The 26th of December, Boxing Day, is an extra holiday after Christmas Day. This is the time to visit friends and relatives or perhaps sit at home and watch football.

New Year's Day is less popular in Britain than Christmas. But in Scotland, Hogmanay is the biggest festival of the year.

Besides public holidays there are some special festivals in Great Britain. One of them takes place on the 5th of November. On that day, in 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to blow up the Houses of Parliament and kill King James I. He didn't succeed. The King's men found the bomb, took Guy Fawkes to the Tower and cut off his head.

Since that day the British celebrate the 5th of November. They burn a dummy, made of straw and old clothes, on a bonfire and let off fireworks.

This dummy is called a "guy" (like Guy Fawkes) and children can often be seen in the streets before the 5th of November saying, "Penny for the guy." If they collect enough money they can buy some fireworks.

There are also smaller, local festivals in Britain.

Names

Christmas ['krismas] Day - Рождество (25 декабря)

New Year's Day - Новый год

Boxing Day - второй день Рождества, день рождественских подарков (в этот день принято дарить подарки)

Good Friday - Великая пятница (пятница на страстной неделе)

Easter [1:sta] Monday - первый понедельник после Пасхи

May Day - майский праздник, праздник весны (отмечается в первое воскресенье мая)

Spring Bank Holiday - весенний день отдыха (в мае или начале июня)

Summer Bank Holiday - летний день отдыха (в августе или сентябре)

Trafalgar Square - Трафальгарская площадь

Norway ['nowei] - Норвегия

Father Christmas - Рождественский дед, Дед Мороз

Hogmanay ['hogmanei] - хогманей, канун Нового года

King James I - Джеймс I (король Англии с 1603 no 1625г.)

the Tower - Тауэр

Vocabulary

Christmas tree - рождественская елка

to decorate ['dekareit] - украшать

charity ['tfaeriti] - благотворительность

carol ['kaeral] - кэрол (рождественская песня религиозного содержания, славящая

рождение Христа)

service ['saivis] - служба (церковная)

to hang (hung) - развешивать

stocking - чулок

chimney - труба

relative - родственник

turkey - индейка

Christmas pudding - рождественский пудинг (с изюмом, цукатами и пряностями)

festival - празднество, праздник

to blow up - взорвать

to succeed - достигнуть цели, добиться

bomb - бомба

to cut off smb's head - отрубить кому-либо голову

to celebrate ['selibreit] - праздновать, торжественно отмечать

to burn] - жечь, сжигать

dummy - кукла, чучело, манекен

straw [stro:] - солома

bonfire ['bonfaia] - костер

to let off fireworks ['faiawarks] - устроить фейерверк

local ['laukl] - местный

Questions

1. Are there many holidays in Great Britain?

2. What is a "bank holiday"?

3. What is the most popular holiday in Britain?

4. When is Christmas celebrated?

5. What are the traditional Christmas songs called in Britain?

6. What do children leave at the end of their beds and why?

7. What do the British do on Boxing Day?

8. What is the name of New Year's Eve in Scotland?

9. When is Guy Fawkes Night celebrated?

10. What do you know about Guy Fawkes?