Доклад ученика 7Г класса Рахматуллаева Марата на тему: "Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy"

Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy was an outstanding Russian novelist and short story writer. He also wrote many plays and essays. He was born in 1828 and lived at the times of social crisis. This has greatly influenced his works and turned him into a social reformer and moral thinker. His literary works were world-famous and had a profound impact on many other writers and reformers, among them Martin Luther King, Mahatma Gandhi and other famous figures.

Leo Tolstoy was born in Yasnaya Polyana, the family estate in Tula region. His family belonged to the Russian nobility. There were five children in the family and Leo Tolstoy was the fourth. His parents died when he was young, so he and his siblings were brought up by their relatives. In 1844 he studied law and oriental languages at Kazan University but soon decided to leave. He spent some time in Yasnaya Polyana, Moscow, and Saint Petersburg.

Then went with his older brother to the Caucasus and joined the army. It was the time when he started writing. After the defense of Sevastopol he travelled around Europe and met Victor Hugo, the author of the novel “Les Miserables”. Hugo’s works greatly influenced Tolstoy’s political views and had an impact on his further writing career. Returning from Europe, Tolstoy had short educational experience.

Based on democratic and non-violent principles, he established a school and taught children in Yasnaya Polyana. In 1862 Tolstoy married Sophia Andreevna Behrs, who was the daughter of a court physician. They had thirteen children. Sophia Behrs was not only Tolstoy’s beloved wife, but also his secretary, proof-reader and financial manager, when he was composing his most renowned novels “Anna Karenina” and “War and Peace”.

These books are especially important in the world literature and were translated into many languages. Tolstoy died in 1910, at the age of 82 because of pneumonia. His grave is at Yasnaya Polyana. He was undoubtedly one of the giants of Russian literature.

Many critics and novelists admired his subtle works, including Fyodor Dostoevsky, Anton Chekhov, Virginia Wolf, Thomas Mann, Vladimir Nabokov and others.