Готовимся к ОГЭ по английскому. Тема: "Животные. Домашние питомцы"

Animals /pets

ЧТЕНИЕ

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами А–G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1.  King of the wild 2.  Different from the others 3.  Early years 4.  Hunting habits 5.  A big family 6.  Team work 7.  The lion’s responsibilities 8.  Their essential diet A.  Lions have caught people’s imagination for centuries. They are stars in documentary movies and books; their images can be found on emblems, coats of arms and shields.  Lions live in the jungle, open woodlands or thick grasslands where they hunt. In their environment, lions are at the top of the food chain - adult lions have no natural enemies. If we call a person ‘a lion’, it means he is strong, aggressive and important. B.  Lions do not look the same as other members of the large group of cats: tigers, leopards, and jaguars. Adult male lions are much larger and have thick brown hair around their neck, which is called a mane. No other cats have manes. The mane makes the lion look more impressive and protects the animal in fights with other lions for territory.  C.  Lions live in large social groups called ‘prides’. A pride can have up to thirty female lions and their children. Inside the pride there are mothers, sisters, and cousins. The pride has a close relationship and never accepts a stranger. They mark their territory by scent.  There are very strict rules in the pride and everyone has to observe them. D.  Lions and lionesses have different roles in the pride. Females do most of the hunting. Together, lionesses guard and look after their cubs. The little ones feel safer and more confident with so many ‘nannies’ around. It also reduces the chance that they are left hungry. The females usually exchange their hunting and home duties during the day. E.  Male lions spend most of their day sleeping or relaxing. While it may look like the lionesses do all the work in the pride, lions play an important role too. Though they bring less food and hunt less, they mark their territory and protect it from strangers. A lion from outside the pride is very dangerous for cubs. If he gets into the pride, he may kill all the little ones there. F.  When new lions are born, they are not shown to the rest of the pride for a month, until the cubs become strong enough. Later they start playing together and have a lot of playmates. If needed, any lioness becomes their nurse and teacher. Small lions have to learn hunting and survival skills. When they are two years old, male lions leave the pride to live on their own. The females may stay with their mothers for the rest of their lives. G.  In the wild, lions eat mainly meat. That’s why they greatly depend on hunting. Their favourite dishes are zebras, deer, and even young elephants and rhinos. When hungry, they eat mice, birds and reptiles. Very rarely they may eat fruit and vegetables, but it is never their first choice. In zoos and national parks, where the lions cannot hunt, they are offered special meals made of beef and chicken.

Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между текстами и их заголовками: к каждому тексту, обозначенному буквами A–G, подберите соответствующий заголовок, обозначенный цифрами 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1.  Four-legged guards 2.  He had several lives 3.  A trip to the sky 4.  A bilingual animal 5.  In memory of a devoted friend 6.  A long way home 7.  The first pet with a name 8.  Doing more than was expected A.  Barry worked as a rescue dog in the mountains of Switzerland. Barry saved at least 40 people who got lost in the Alps during heavy snow. Once Barry discovered a child and started barking loudly for the monks to find them (which he was trained to do). The monks couldn't climb the cliff and the dog carried the boy all the way down the mountain (which he was not trained to do). B.  The powerful ancient horse Bucephalus carried Alexander the Great into many victories. Bucephalus’ head looked like a bull’s head. That is where Bucephalus got his name; it means ‘ox’s head’ in ancient Greek. When Bucephalus died, Alexander founded an entire city in his honour and named it Bucephala. This city is in modern-day Pakistan. C.  Long ago and far away lived a pet cat. He was the pet cat of Pharaoh Thutmose III. This cat got the name of Nedjem. While it was an honour to be the friend of a Pharaoh, this cat had a greater honour yet. He is the world’s earliest pet cat on record with his own proper name. Before Nedjem, history records that cats were just called ‘cats’. D.  St Petersburg's State Hermitage Museum is one of the largest and most reputable museums in the world. Few visitors, however, know what lies beneath its magnificent halls. There, dozens of Hermitage cats protect the museum’s collection from mice and rats. The history of the cats dates back to the tsar, Peter the Great, who brought the first cat to the Winter Palace on his return from a trip to Holland. Later, the palace cats received official status. E.  In 1923, Bobbie, a two year-old Scotch Collie, travelled with his family from Oregon to Indiana, USA. Unfortunately, during the vacation, Bobbie got lost. Six months later, in February of 1924, Bobbie appeared on the doorstep of his home. He was extremely skinny, dirty, and weak. Bobbie had walked 4,105 km across the United States to return home. His story quickly spread around the country and the dog was featured in newspaper articles, books, and films. F.  Pope Leo X received a white elephant, named Hanno, as a gift on his coronation from the King of Portugal. Hanno was well trained and extremely intelligent, able to understand and obey orders given to him in both Indian and Portuguese. Hanno quickly became the Pope’s favorite pet; and he was paraded during the most important ceremonies in Rome. G.  When the warship, Bismark, sank in 1941, Sam the cat was the only survivor picked up by the British battleship the HMS Cossack. However, the same year the HMS Cossack was damaged by a torpedo and sank. The cat again survived this shipwreck. He had earned his fame as Unsinkable Sam, and started to live on the HMS Ark Royal, which was also torpedoed. Luckily, the crew members were safe, and Sam was found, floating on a plank in an ‘angry but unharmed’ condition. After that, Sam stayed away from ships and died peacefully in 1955. Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10–17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа. Hermitage cats Hermitage cats have been officially kept in the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia, since its foundation. The cats prevented intensive breeding of rats and mice in the State Hermitage Museum. The director of the Hermitage, Mikhail Piotrovsky, said, “cats have become a very important part of our Hermitage lives and a significant part of Hermitage Legends.” It is believed that the history of the Hermitage cats started with a cat that was brought from Holland by Peter the Great. In the XVIII century there were lots of rats in the Old Winter Palace. The history of cats continued due to Empress Elizaveta Petrovna. Visiting Kazan she noticed that there were no rats and mice in the city because of the large number of cats. The Empress ordered to bring some Kazan cats to St Petersburg, to the old Winter Palace. The cats had done their job, and almost all the rats disappeared from the palace. After the construction of the Winter Palace, the cats settled down in the new building too. The founder of the Hermitage, Empress Catherine II gave the cats the status of ‘gallery guards’. Cats in the Hermitage existed for a long time, during the war with Napoleon, and after the revolution, under the Soviet regime. In 1941, when the Great Patriotic War began, the works of art were evacuated to the Urals, in Sverdlovsk. After the war, two cars brought new cats to the Hermitage. The rats, that had invaded the building during the war, stepped back. However, in the 1960s it was decided that the cats were not needed any more. Employees of the museum caught the cats and took them away. But, soon after, rats invaded the building. Since then, the museum has never got rid of its cats. Today, about seventy cats live in the Hermitage to protect it from mice and rats. Each cat has its own passport and a veterinary card. They live comfortably in the basement. The place where they live is always warm and dry, and all the rooms of the basement are equipped with small holes, to let the cats move freely. The Hermitage employees regularly buy food for cats. They try to make their meals healthy and diverse. Each cat has its own bowl, tray and basket to sleep. In summer, cats are more often outside on the lawns and courtyards than in their basement. To control the number of cats in the Hermitage, employees sometimes give away their cats to residents of the city. The new owner has to present their passport and leave their contact details. The adopted animals are accompanied by a certificate from the Hermitage. Начало формы According to its director, the Hermitage is the only museum in Russia where cats are kept officially. Конец формы Начало формы Kazan cats met the expectations of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы Начало формы During the reign of Empress Catherine II the cats received official status.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы Начало формы During the Great Patriotic War the Hermitage cats were taken to Sverdlovsk to guard the works of art.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы Начало формы Nowadays all the cats are settled in the attic of the Hermitage.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы Начало формы The Hermitage cats live on a strict diet of rats and mice.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы Начало формы The cats are allowed to leave the building of the museum.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы Начало формы The new owner of a Hermitage cat can visit the museum free of charge.  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated Конец формы   ЯЯ  1)  True  2)  False  3)  Not stated

Языковой материал

Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 20–28, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 20–28.

Tim liked going to the zoo. One day his mother said:
“We’re going to a different place today, Tim. It’s an animal shelter. I’m sure you ______LIKE______ it.”
The place was much _____SMALL_____ than a zoo, but clean and well kept. There were volunteers in special uniforms. One of them showed Tim and his mum round the shelter. Lots of animals _____KEEP_____ there. Cats and dogs made up most of the population, but there were also horses, monkeys, _______FOX_____ and other animals. Each of the animals had its own story written on a sign next to its cage or enclosure. All the stories were sad –  the animals had either been abandoned by ____THEY______ owners or saved by the animal police from cruel treatment. 
‘If people ______BE______ more responsible for their pets, we wouldn’t have so much work here,” the volunteer remarked.
“But unfortunately some people _____NOT/UNDERSTAND____ that animals are not toys.” 
Tim’s mother thanked the volunteer and ______MAKE______ a donation. Shelters always needed money to pay for the animals’ food and medical care. On the way home Tim told his mother that he ____WANT____ to go to the shelter again, not only to watch but also to help the volunteers. 

2/ The camel was very thirsty. His last drink had been weeks ago. His feet sank in the hot sand and he _________CAN_________ hardly move. "When will I reach water?" he thought. "And I _________NOT/EAT_________ for ages." It was obvious that if the camel didn’t find any water and food soon, he _________DIE_________. He made a few steps toward another dune. It was ________EASY__________ to walk along the top of a hill, than along the bottom.  At last he _________SEE_________ something green in the distance. Was it a mirage or an oasis? He hoped for the best and the hope helped _________HE_________ move faster. Soon, that distant green colour turned into real trees and grass. There _________BE_________ a small stream of water and some palm trees that gave shade. Their wide _________LEAF_________ could protect the camel from the sun's rays. Though the sun __________SHINE________, it didn’t burn anymore. Unfortunately, it was impossible to stay there forever. A short rest and the camel had to move on towards his destination. 

3. This story happened long ago. My son was six and we lived in an old house near a large park. There ____BE_____ lots of people in the park at weekends and we enjoyed walking and playing there too. One day, my son _____BRING____ an injured bird from the park. It was a crow. Its wing ____BREAK____ and the bird could not fly. I didn’t know what to do with the crow, but my son said that he _____TAKE_____ care of it.
“If you were a couple of years ___OLD_____, you could manage it. But I doubt you can do it now,” I tried to talk him out of keeping the crow but finally agreed to take the bird home.
The next day we took the crow to the vet. The vet fixed and bandaged the wing and explained to ____WE_____ what medicines we should give to the bird. 
“Ok,” he said, as we left, “I ____DO______ everything I can. There’s no need to bring this crow here any more. The bird is young and strong, and I think it ____RECOVER____ soon. This is the good news. The bad news is that it will never be able to fly again.”
“We’ll see,” my son ____NOT/WANT___ to agree with this fact too easily. 

4. Lucky, a big black cat, went missing shortly after our family moved to a new house. He was curious and enjoyed exploring the environment. It often made us worry about ____HE______. 
Mum often said “I wish our Lucky ______BE______ less curious. I feel better when he is in the house, safe and lazy.”
As we ______NOT/CAN_____ keep him at home, we made him wear a special tag. Our address ____WRITE_____ on it in large printed letters.
Mum said: “If one day Lucky gets missing, the tag ____HELP____ us find him”. 
Lucky disappeared on the ____THREE____ day after moving house. We looked for the cat everywhere. We asked all our new neighbours about him. We even asked all the _____POLICEMAN____ in our district if they had seen him. But nobody had seen a cat that looked like our Lucky. In the end, we ______LOSE_____ hope. Two weeks later I was passing by our old house. On the porch there was a cat that looked strikingly like Lucky. And it was Lucky!
I grabbed him and brought him home.
“Mum, look who I _____FIND____!” I cried to mum. “The new owner told me the cat had been waiting for us in our old house. Nobody could inform us about him because the address on the cat’s tag is our old address.”

5/  was a nice sunny day and mum decided to take us to the zoo. My younger sister, Wendy, was delighted. She enjoyed books and films about animals but she had never been to the zoo. 
“How many animals live in the zoo? Can we give ____THEY___ some food? Are there any crocodiles? Who __TAKE_____ care of the lions?” my sister was very excited and asked a lot of questions. She kept talking all the time and ___NOT/MIND___ that nobody was answering her questions. When we __ARRIVE____ at the zoo, it was midday. There ___BE_____ a lot of people everywhere. The territory of the zoo was large, and the animals ___KEEP____ in large enclosures that imitated their natural environment. When we went up to the enclosure that had a family of Indian elephants, they ____HAVE________ their lunch. They were focused on their food and didn’t pay much attention to the visitors. “They are the __LARGE____ animals I’ve ever seen” said Wendy in an impressed voice.  “I wish we ___CAN________ keep a baby elephant as a pet.” 
Mum said nothing and we proceeded to the pool that had the seals and penguins.

Начало формы Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 29–34 так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию 29–34. Конец формы

6/ Sam went to the giant aquarium near his house at least three times a week. He liked the fish and crabs, but the most ____WONDER____ creatures there were sharks. Sam could watch them for hours. He took photos through the glass and collected ____INFORM_____ about them. It surprised him how fast a massive shark could be. Before the aquarium opened, Sam thought it was ___POSSIBLE____ for sharks to be so quick and graceful. He knew that sharks were _____DANGER____ but they seldom attacked people. Many people, however, had hunted them and sharks had become endangered. ____FORTUNATE___, now there were laws protecting sharks. In the future, Sam wanted to be a ____SCIENCE_____  and study sharks in the wild.

7/ In Moscow, there are approximately 35,000 dogs living on the streets. Some of these ____HOME____ animals were born there. Others are just _____LUCKY____ pets that have been abandoned by their owners. For many dogs the city may be a ____DANGER___ place to live in. However, scientists were surprised to find out how ____EASY____ some animals can adapt to urban life. Some dogs have even learnt to use the city’s metro system! We still don't know how the dogs find out when to get off the train. One ___SUGGEST___ is that they use their excellent sense of smell to recognise the scents of their favourite destinations. Another idea is that they are able to remember the design of ___DIFFER___ stations and find the station they need.

8/ Koalas are cute animals. _____FORTUNATELY_______, it causes them lots of problems. There are people who want to keep the cute exotic animal as a pet which may put the koala in a really ____DANGER_____ situation. The problem is that the koala’s diet is very specific. To stay ______HEALTH______ they should only eat eucalyptus leaves. The leaves need to be young and fresh, which means a person who keeps a koala should also have a lot of eucalyptus trees. Andrew Page, a ___SCIENCE_______ who has been studying koalas for years, says that it’s a bad idea to keep this animal as a pet. According to him, people who try to do it usually have very little _____INFORM________ about koala’s lifestyle. And their ignorance can often cost the ___BEAUTY______ animal its life.

Письмо

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ben:

From: [e-mail]

To: [e-mail]

Subject: Pets

… My cat is big, white and furry. He is such fun! I can’t understand people who prefer to live without pets. … Why don’t some people want to have any pets? Do you approve of keeping exotic pets like spiders or snakes and why? What pets are popular in your country? …

Write a message to Ben and answer his 3 questions.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ben:

From: [e-mail]

To: [e-mail]

Subject: Zoo

… I’ve just been to the zoo. What lovely animals are there! … Which do you think is better for animals – to live in the zoo or in the wild, and why? What animals are common in your region? Have you ever seen any animal in the wild? …

Write a message to Ben and answer his 3 questions.

Write 100–120 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Kate:

From: [e-mail]

To: [e-mail]

Subject: Pets

… My friend has an unusual pet, a hedgehog. He found a small hedgehog in the forest and took it home. … What pets are most popular in your country? Do you approve of keeping wild animals as pets, why or why not? What pet do you have or would you like to have?…

Write a message to Kate and answer her 3 questions.

Write 100–120 words.

Remember the rules of email writing.

Task 3. You are going to give a talk about pets. You will have to start in 
1.5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences).

Remember to say:

·         why people keep pets

·         what pets are most popular in big cities

·         whether having pets is a big responsibility, and why

You have to talk continuously.