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    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
    

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    Geographical Position
    

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    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe
    

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    The country’s shores are washed by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea and the Irish Sea.
    
    The English channel separate Great Britain from the continent.
    Seas
    Atlantic Ocean
    

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    There are 3 things that chiefly determine the climate of the United Kingdom:
    the position of the islands in the temperate belt;
    the fact that the prevailing winds blow from the west and south-west
    and the warm current — the Gulf Stream. 
    All these features make the climate more moderate.
    It is not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer.
    Climate of the United Kingdom
    

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    There are many mountains in Scotland, Wales and northwest of England but they are not very high.
    
    Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain.
    Mountains
    

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    Scotland is also famous for its beautiful lakes, which are called Lochs.
    
    
    
    
    
    
    There are many rivers in G.B., but they are not very long.
    
    The Thames is the deepest, the longest and the most important river in England.
    Lakes and Rivers
    

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    English is the official language in the UK.
    
    But some people speak Gaelic [ˈgeɪlɪk] (the speech of ancient Ireland) in western Scotland
    
    and Welsh [wɛlʃ,] (the Celtic language of Wales) – in parts of northern and central Wales.
    http://indoeuro.bizland.com/tree/celt/cel.html
    Languages
    

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    GB consists of four parts:
    London
    Edinburgh
    Cardiff
    Belfast
    England (London)
    
    
    Scotland (Edinburgh)
    
    
    Wales (Cardiff)
    
    
    Northern Ireland
    (Belfast)
    

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    The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses.
    
    The upright red cross is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England.
    The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland.
    The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.
    The Flag
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    +
    England
    Scotland
    Original Union Flag (1606)
    Ireland
    The United Kingdom
    

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    The total area of the U.K. is 244.00 square kilometers with a population of 56 million.
    
    It is one of the most populated countries in the world. 
    Population
    

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    Major UK cities are Birmingham, Manchester, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Bristol, Belfast, Cardiff
    University of Birmingham
    University of Manchester
    University of Leeds
    University of Sheffield 
    University of Glasgow
    University of Edinburgh
    University of Liverpool
    University of Oxford
    

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    The Political System
    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy.
    The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II.
    Prince Charles (the eldest son)
    

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    Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws.
    
    There are 3 main parts of laws:
    1. Statute Law
    2. Common Law
    3. Constitutional conventions
    
    Constitution
    English Bill of Rights of 1689
    

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    Parliament is the most important authority in Britain.
    
    Technically Parliament is made up of three parts:
    
    the House of Lords;
    and the House of Commons.
    
    
    In reality the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power.
    Parliament
    

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    There are 650 Members of Parliament in the House of Commons. They are elected by secret ballot. General elections are held every five years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies. All citizens, aged 18 and registered in a constituency, have the right to vote.
    Speaker of the House of Commons - John Bercow (elected June 22, 2009).
    The House of Commons
    

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    The House of Lords comprises about 1,200 peers. It is presided by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no real power. It acts rather as an advisory council.
    
     Christopher Stephen Grayling - the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice since 2012
    
    House of Lords  
    

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    London is situated upon both banks of the River Thames, it is the largest city in Britain and one of the largest in the world. Its population is about 7 million people.
    

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