Методическое пособие для студентов 2 курса среднего профессионального образования дневной формы обучения

ENGLISH FOR SECONDARY TECHNICAL SCHOOL

PART II

2015

Английский язык: Методическое пособие  для студентов II  курса железнодорожных специальностей. – Оренбург:  ОТЖТ, 2015. –  82 с.

Одобрено на заседании цикловой комиссии общих гуманитарных и социально-экономических дисциплин от  10 сентября 2015 г, протокол № 1.

Данное методическое пособие предназначено для студентов II  курса среднего профессионального образования дневной формы обучения. Благодаря  этому пособию вы сумеете приобрести знания, достаточные для общения на английском языке.  Тексты информативного характера позволяют расширить кругозор студентов и укрепить необходимый лексический минимум.  Пособие содержит разнообразные упражнения, позволяющие закрепить навыки перевода грамматических и лексических явлений.

Составитель:           преподаватель английского языка  -    Л.А. Федюнина

Оренбургский техникум железнодорожного транспорта, 2015

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

Предлагаемое пособие для II курса ставит своей практической целью закрепить знания, полученные на I курсе по темам, которые уже были освоены.  Пособие  помогает лучше освоить, расширить  и применить в разговорной речи предложенные лексические темы и освоить новые грамматические явления.  В пособие включены аутентичные текстовые материалы из газет, журналов, учебных пособий, сети Интернет.  Содержание текстов учебного пособия направлено на активизацию иноязычной деятельности студентов в процессе формирования их профессиональной коммуникативной компетентности.

Учебно-методическое пособие рассчитано на 70 академических часов и 11 часов самостоятельной работы. Для самостоятельной работы студентам могут быть предложены задания следующего типа: выполнить творческую работу,  составить и решить кроссворд, законспектировать грамматическую тему, выполнить презентацию.

В пособие включены задания, основанные на применении активных методов обучения и направленные на активизацию обсуждения проблемы в аудиторию. Тематическое многообразие и  различная степень сложности предлагаемых текстов позволяют преподавателю систематизировать текстовый материал в соответствии с уровнем сформированности базовых компетенций студентов, составить общий методический план и наметить индивидуальные образовательные траектории студентов.

Учебное пособие состоит из 5 модулей, каждый из которых состоит из двух тем, последний модуль состоит из 3 тем. В каждой теме представлены лексическая и грамматическая темы, с определенным набором упражнений.  В последующих модулях комплект состоит из 6 обязательных заданий, плюс дополнительные. Задания со знаком * являются дополнительными.

Contents

		TOPICS	GRAMMAR	PAGES
MODULE 1	UNIT 1	APPEARANCE  AND CHARACTER OF PEOPLE.	TO BE, TO HAVE.	4-9
	UNIT 2	INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.	MODAL VERBS.	10-15
MODULE 2	UNIT 3	EVERYDAY LIFE.	THE PLURAL NUMBER OF A NOUN. ARTICLES.	16-21
	UNIT 4	HEALTHY LIFESTYLE.	THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE.	22-28
MODULE 3	UNIT 5	A CITY AND A VILLAGE.	THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE.	29-33
	UNIT 6	LEISURE TIME.	THE FUTURE SIMPLE.	34-38
MODULE 4	UNIT 7	MASS MEDIA.	THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE .	39-45
	UNIT 8	NATURE AND A MAN.	THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.	46-50
MODULE 5	UNIT 9	EDUCATION ABROAD.	THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.	51-55
	UNIT 10	CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS, HOLIDAYS.	THE PRESENT AND PAST PERFECT.	56-66
	UNIT 11	PROFESSIONAL SCILLS.	THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE.	67-72

MODULE 1  (UNITS 1 & 2)

 

           

Conversational  topic: APPEARANCE  AND CHARACTER OF PEOPLE.

Grammar topic: TO BE, TO HAVE.

People are different

Irene: I think that I am home-loving, kind and patient. I can get on with people well, because I always try to help them and they trust me. But sometimes I am lazy – I don`t want to do anything.

Steve: I am practical I think, because I always try to do the work that will help me in future. I am also honest and I don`t like those people who lie to me, because I always notice it and tell them about it. That is why they say that I am tactless. I am sometimes bossy.

Jane: My mother says that I`m light-minded, because I do everything without thinking. I am really risky. I hate that I am undisciplined. I am really hard-working. I try to do everything when I am asked, but sometimes I just forget about it.

Mark: I am very active, although my parents say that I am lazy, because I don`t like to do things they want me  do. I think I am leading, because I want other people follow me. They get offended with me and say that I am rude. But I think I am just very honest and I tell people what I think about them.

Nataly: I have a lot of friends. But I can say that most of all I enjoy my own company. My brother believes that I am rather self-centered and live only for myself. I think all people are selfish. The most important thing is being hard-working, thorough and ambitious. My friends say that I am very reasonable and trustworthy.

Andrew: You might think that I am boast, but I`d say that I am really clever. I study a lot because I like it and I try to work hard to get results. That`s why I think that I am determined. I am rather critical I`d say, because I like when everything is perfect.

Kate: I am very conservative, they say, I agree with them. I never change anything in my life: ideas, principles, and friends. And the proverb “Old friends and old wines are the best” is my motto. People say that I am shy.

Vocabulary:

home-loving	домосед
patient	терпеливый
to get on with smb.	ладить с кем-либо
to trust	доверять
lazy	ленивый
honest	честный
tactless	бестактный
bossy	распоряжающийся всеми
light-minded	легкомысленный
hard-working	трудолюбивый
to want smb do smth	хотеть, чтобы кто-то сделал что-то
to get offended	обижаться
rude	грубый
to enjoy	наслаждаться, нравиться
self-centered	эгоцентричный
selfish	эгоистичный
thorough	доскональный
reasonable	разумный
trustworthy	надежный
boast	хвастливый
determined	решительный
motto	девиз

PRACTICE.

1.       Find in the opinions the ideas to say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). If it is wrong correct it.

1.       Irene is very shy.
2.       Steve is lazy.
3.       Jane is risky.
4.       Mark is a hard-working person.
5.       Nataly is very self-centered.
6.       Andrew is boastful.
7.       Kate is conservative.
8.       People say that Steve is tactless.
9.       People say that Jane is light-minded.
10.   People say that Kate is unsociable.
11.   People say that Irene is patient
12.   People say that Nataly is selfish.
13.   People say that Mark is very polite.
14.   People say that Andrew is timid.

2.       Prove with the help of the opinions that:

1.    People like Irene very much.

2.    Some people say that Steve is tactless.

3.    Jane`s mother believes that she is light-minded.

4.    Mark`s friends say that he is rude.

5.    People don`t like Nataly, because she is selfish.

6.    People  like Andrew because he is very determined.

7.    People think that Kate is very shy.

8.    Steve is very practical.

9.    Jane tries to be hard-working.

10. Andrew is industrious.

11. Kate is conservative.

12. Nataly is responsible.

3.       Find the equivalents:

1.       I can get on with people well	a.       Я никогда не меняю что-нибудь в своей жизни
2.       sometimes I am lazy	b.       Когда меня спрашивают
3.       people who lie	c.       Я могу хорошо ладить с людьми
4.       because I do everything without thinking	d.       Иногда я ленюсь
5.       when I am asked	e.       Я старюсь усердно работать, чтобы достичь результатов
6.       I want other people  follow me	f.        Старые друзья и старые вина являются лучшими
7.       I try to work hard to get results	g.       Я хочу, чтобы другие люди следовали за мной
8.       I never change anything in my life	h.       Люди, которые лгут
9.       Old friends and old wines are the best	i.        Потому что я делаю все необдуманно

         4.    Fill in the gaps and translate:

 

a)      Irene is  home-…………….., kind and patient.

b)      Steve is practical, because he always tries to do the ……. that will help him  in future.

c)       Jane is  ………-minded, because she does  everything without ………..

d)    Mark is  very honest and ….. tells  people what he ……….. about them.

e)    The most important thing for Nataly is being hard-………., thorough and …………..

f)     You might think that Andrew is boast, but he is  really ………….

g)    Kate is  very ……………., she  never changes anything in her life:  ideas, principles, and friends.

          5.   What kind of person are you? What are the features of character that you like most in yourself and what don`t you like at all?  Describe yourself, using as many sentences from the text, as you can.

I am_____________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I like to be_____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

because_________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

But I hate that I am____________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6.       Do the puzzle.

A person who …

1.    Lives only for himself.

2.    Likes when everything is perfect.

3.    Is very energetic.

4.    Studies a lot and really enjoys it.

5.    Doesn`t behave properly.

6.    Often offends other people

7.    Doesn`t want to do anything.

8.    Everybody can rely on.

9.    Is ready to wait and listen to everybody.

10.  Doesn`t want to change anything.

11.  Is afraid of everything.

12.  Always does what he is asked to do.

13.  Likes to stay at home and doesn`t have a lot of friends.

1.    Enjoys his own company

2.    Has a lot of friends.

3.    Knows a lot.

4.    Does everything without thinking about.

5.    Is always cheerful

6.    Likes to get into dangerous situations.

7.    Tells a lot to everybody.

8.    Takes care of everybody.

9.    Says not very polite things to others.

10. Says very pleasant things to everybody.

To be  -  быть, есть, являться

	Настоящее время Present Simple	Прошедшее время Past Simple	Будущее время Future Simple
I	am — я есть	was	shall / will be
You	are — он есть	were	Will be
He, she, it	is — он, она, оно есть	was	Will be
We	are — ты, вы есть	were	shall / will be
You	are — мы есть	were	Will be
They	are — они есть	were	Will be

To have - иметь

Настоящее время Present Simple		Прошедшее время Past Simple	Будущее время Future Simple
I have	We have	had	shall have Will have
You have	You have
Hе (She, It) has	They have

PRACTICE.

1.  Fill in the gaps with the forms of the verb “to be” and translate:

    A friend of mine ……. a very handsome man.

    Sabrina …… always absent-minded girl and we got used to it.

    ……. you …… my dance partner?

    Alex …….. good for this job, but the place ……… not vacant.

    Last century people ……… more kind and generous.

    …… her mother a conservative woman?

    …… you in  Georgia  last month?

    ……. the students ……. the trainees next summer?

    I …… honest and respectful person and I will try to stay so.

2.  Circle the correct answer:

1. The girls ……. here, they  came early.

1. am              3. was              5. will          7. is  

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

2. The Browns have moved to a new flat.  They ……. lucky.

1. am              3. was              5. will        7.is     

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

3. Jane …… her sister, she ….. older than I……..

1. am              3. was              5. will          7. is  

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

4. I invite her to a party at my place.  I hope she …….. there.

1. am              3. was              5. will            7. is

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

5. I like to visit my friend Kolya. He …… so friendly.

1. am              3. was              5. will            7. is

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

6. Mary and  her  cousin ….. students and they are spending  their holidays in Brighton.

1. am              3. was              5. will            7. is

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

7. Bill takes  guitar lesson on Monday. ... is the only day ... is free.

1. am              3. was              5. will           7. is  

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

8. I don't hear them.  They …….. far from me.

1. am              3. was              5. will           7. is 

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

9. When Roger saw Ann  she  spoke to him. She …… angry.

1. am              3. was              5. will            7. is

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

10. The boys left an hour ago. They ……. In a hurry.

1. am              3. was              5. will          7. is  

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

11. Thank you  for the book . It …. very interesting.

1. am              3. was              5. will            7. is

2. are             4. were             6. will be              

12. I …… happy that my cat found  it’s kitten.

 1. am              3. was              5. will           7. is 

 2. are             4. were             6. will be              

3. Translate the sentences from Russian:

1.    Аня хорошая студентка нашего техникума.

2.    Мы были неразлучными друзьями. (inseparable)

3.    Сью всегда была красивой, высокой, стройной, но легкомысленной.

4.    Джон будет пилотом зарубежных авиарейсов.

5.    Вы были  на этой выставке вчера?

6.    Кейт была трудолюбивой ученицей, но сейчас она ленивая студентка.

7.    Преподаватель -  очень ответственная профессия.

8.    Вы будете в Самаре послезавтра?

9.    Мы не работники этой ненадежной фирмы.

4.  Match the sentences from 2 columns:

1.                  У нас  есть дом и  большой игровой двор.	a.                  We had no domestic animals in the childhood.
2.                  У вас есть диплом по экономике?	b.                  We have a big house and a big play yard
3.                  У меня нет познавательных книг.	c.                   I have all computer science programs.
4.                  У Лизы будут дети?	d.                  Had they vocation?
5.                  У нее не было приступа. У нее был жар.	e.                   Will Stewart have the possibility to get this post?
6.                  У Сэма не было большой семьи.	f.                   Have you a Degree in Economics?
7.                  У нас много друзей.	g.                  I have no cognitive books.
8.                  У меня есть все программы по информатике.	h.                  We have many friends.
9.                  Будет ли у Стюарта  возможность получить эту должность?	i.                    Lyn has everything: beauty, intelligence, richness.
10.               У них были каникулы?	j.                   Will Liza have babies?
11.               У Лин есть всё: красота, ум, богатство.	k.                  She had no an attack, she had heat.
12.               У нас не было в детстве домашних животных.	l.                    Sam had no big family.

5.  Put the verbs in the correct form:

1.  We ……… 5 lessons every day, except  Saturday.

2.  She …… not  a lecture in medicine last Friday.

3. ……. Mike ……. a sport car after graduating college?

4.  Tad ……. not a sister, he was always alone.

5.  …….. you  any vacancy?

6.   She …….. not a new fashion magazine.

7.  …….. you …….. a job  on the railway?

8.  Our mother  …….. a water-machine.

6. Translate the following sentences from Russian:

1. У нас много книг и журналов по этой теме.

2. Первокурсники – это студенты железнодорожного техникума.

3. У её мамы – образование повара.

4. Джейн - стюардесса рейса Москва-Нью-Йорк.

5. У Кейт много кошек, она – ветеринар.

6. Я – железнодорожник, у меня бесплатный проезд в любую точку страны.

7. У детей есть много преимуществ (benefits).

                    

Conversational  topic: INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS.

Grammar topic: MODAL VERBS.

Parents and children relationships.

Everyone says that youth is probably the best time of our life - that being young means love, friendship and romance, new discoveries and so on. But it is also the most difficult time for making some very important decisions which will have influence on all our life. Our time is not the easiest even for adults, but for teenagers who are to find own place in the society, is very difficult, that`s why parents must help their children to solve youth problems and children should be a good and positive example for them showing how it is important to treat other people with respect. I think that all these can really help to construct good relationship between parents and children.
            But in our modern life there is often a lack of communication between parents and their children. Lack of love and attention to children can make them unhappy. One can simply open the daily newspaper to find teenagers committing suicide or various crimes due to stress derived from family issues. These incidents reveal the importance of parents` communication with their children. Love for their children is within every parent, which is frequently revealed through the concern they show. But superfluous control can not in the best way influence on child. Often children at school or in the street begin to mock at this child. Call him nondependent. In result of this pressure child lose his temper and starts be rude, closed. I think parents should not all the time control their children. Sometimes they have to allow freedom.
            As for me, I get on very well with my parents. Whenever I have problems with my friends or with  my schoolwork, I know they  always  listen and give advice. They have taught me a lot. They have got a lot of experience and they are always happy to share their knowledge with me...
“Honour your mother and father and you will live long and be well, if not, you will die” – says the Bible.

Vocabulary:

youth	молодежь, молодость
discovery	открытие
decision	решение
to influence	влиять
adult	взрослый
society	общество
to solve	решать
to treat smb.	обращаться с кем-либо
relationship	взаимоотношения
lack	нехватка
communication	общение
attention	внимание
to commit suicide	покончить жизнь самоубийством
due	благодаря
to derive	получать
issue	вопрос
to reveal	показывать, раскрывать
superfluous	чрезмерный
to mock	издеваться
nondependent	несамостоятельный
pressure	давление

PRACTICE.

1. Which of the adjectives below can describe relations between adults and teenagers?

2. Match the notices (A-G) to the sentences:  (1-5).

   A                                                                      B                                                       C

                   E                                                           F                                           G

1.       Sometimes we can`t make important decisions. 

2.       Our parents always give it if we have problems.

3.       Lack of love and attention to children can make them unhappy.

4.       Children at school mock at a pupil.

5.       Parents must help their children to solve the problems.

6.       It means that you are young.

7.       “Honour your mother and father and you will live long and be well, if not, you will die”.

3. Underline the correct word and translate the right variant:

a)      Everyone says that youth\oldness is probably the best time of our life.

b)      Our time is not the easiest even for adults, but for teenagers\babies who are to find own place in the society, it`s very difficult.

c)       In our modern life there is often a lack\much of communication between parents and their children.

d)      The incidents reveal\hide the importance of parents` communication with their children.

e)       Often children\parents at school or in the street begin to mock at a child.

f)       Parents have got a lot of experience\mistakes and they are always happy to share their knowledge with teenagers.

4. Scan the text and find the English equivalents to the following words:

Лучшее время нашей жизни;  новые открытия; важные решения; взрослые;  место в обществе; решать проблемы молодежи;  обращаться с уважением к другим людям;   хорошие взаимоотношения; недостаток общения; самоубийства подростков;  вопросы семьи;  чрезмерный контроль;  в результате давления;  потерять самообладание;  родители дают советы;  делятся своим опытом и

знаниями.

5. a) Find the synonyms:

communication	grown-up
adult	checking
teenager	tension
concern	connection
control	worry
pressure	self-control
temper	adolescent

1.       romance	teenager
2.       problems	polite
3.       modern	pragmatics
4.       adult	old
5.       youth	success
6.       rude	closing
7.       freedom	oldness

b) Find the antonyms:

c) Choose a proper word in each sentence:

    Youth is probably the best time of our (life, live)

    Youth means (romance, Rome)

    Teenagers must find their own place in our (science, society)

    There is  a lack of communication between   (parents and adults;  parents and their children)

    We can observe teenagers committing suicide or various crimes due to stress derived from (family issues;  family ties)

    In result of the pressure a child lose his temper and starts to be (romantic, rude)

    Our parents always teach us and give us (advice, advantage)

6.  Answer the questions and make the answers as your retelling.

o  Is youth the best time of our life?

o  What is being young?

o  Why do parents must help children to solve their problems?

o  Is there a lack of communication between parents and their children in our modern life?

o  What can make children unhappy?

o  What incidents do reveal the importance of parents` communication with their children?

o  What do children do with a child at school or in the street?

o  What happens in the result?

o  Do you get on well with your parents?

o  Do they help you or give some advice?

o  What does the Bible say?

7*. A) Divide the students into 2 groups and prove what is best: to be young or to be a grown-up:

e.g.  When you are young you have a lot of time to live.

         When you are a grown-up all children obey you.

To be young	To be a grown-up
-	-
-	-

B) Describe the pictures using the phrases from the text:

e.g. Parents give advice and……..

                                        

                                                     

Modal verbs.

PRACTICE.

1. Answer the questions:

1. What is a modal for?

2. What follows a modal?

3. With or without to?

4. Do you put an “s” on the 3-d person singular in present?

5. Is the question order the same or does it change?

6. Does the negation go before or after the modal?

7. Can you see several modals together or should there only be one?

2.    Fill in the gaps with the modal verbs.

1)    You …… listen to your parents to avoid big mistakes.

2)    ……. I come in?

3)    I …… not swim from my birth. I am afraid of water.

4)    You …. consult a doctor, because you are ill.

5)    ….. I see you at 12-30 tomorrow?

6)    They ……. listen to their teacher attentively. He is reading a very important text.

7)    We ………. to do the work in time, as the boss will come soon.

8)    …. I open the window? It is too hot here.

3. Replace the modal verbs with the equivalents: (to be allowed to; to be able to)

1)    Teenagers must find their own place in the society.

2)    Parents must help their children to solve youth problems.

3)    Children must be a good and positive example.

4)    Respect can really help construct good relationship.

5)    Lack of love and attention to children can make them unhappy.

       6)  Superfluous control can not in the best way influence on child.

4.  Complete the following sentences using the most appropriate forms of the verbs.

1. Jack has got a headache. He … sleep well.

a) can’t
b) couldn’t have
c) hasn’t been able to

                                               2. I … sleep for hours when I was a little girl.

a) could
b) am able to
c) can

3. Tom … play tennis well but he … play a game yesterday because he was ill.

a) couldn’t, could
b) can, was able
c) can, couldn’t 

                                               4. I didn’t want to be late for the meeting. We … meet at 5 sharp.

a) were to
b) had to
c) could

5. Where are my gloves? — I … put them on because it’s cold today.

a) can’t
b) have to 
c) needn’t

                                               6. You … take an umbrella today. The Sun is shining.

a) needn’t 
b) mustn’t
c) can’t

7. I’m sorry, you didn’t invite me to your birthday party. You … invite me next time.

a) must 
b) should
c) need to

                                               8. Well, it’s 10 o’clock. I … go now.

a) can
b) has to
c) must

9. You … smoke so much.

a) would 
b) can’t
c) shouldn’t

                                               10. We have got plenty of time. We … hurry.

a) must
b) needn’t
c) should

5.  Translate into English:

a)       Вы можете взять эту книгу, если хотите.

b)      Вы можете взять эту книгу, она не тяжелая.

c)       Я не могу взять эту книгу.

d)      Можете сегодня туда пойти.

e)       Можете сегодня туда не ходить.

f)       Вы должны остаться после уроков.

g)      Вам придется остаться после уроков.

h)      Вам пришлось остаться после уроков.

i)        Вам следует приходить вовремя.

j)        Вам надо навестить ваших родственников.

k)    Как смеете вы приходить без приглашения?

6. Translate the sentences:

1. Shall I get you some water?

2. Shall we dance?

3.  The train is to come in time to the railway station.

4.  We are to learn lessons all the time or we will upset our parents.

5.  I need your advice, help me!

6.  We don’t dare come closer, it is dangerous.

7. She should not read a lot, she has sick eyes.

MODULE 2  (UNITS 3 & 4)

                                                                                                                          

Conversational  topic:  EVERYDAY LIFE.

Grammar topic: THE PLURAL NUMBER OF A NOUN. ARTICLES.

                                                                     School years.

Part I.

School is the traditional place for acculturating children into our national life. In the modern age, the role assigned to our schools is to prepare children for the public culture. Some students like school, others don’t; but they all study for eleven years and gain knowledge by doing different tasks. For students who are doing well in most subjects and who want to get higher education, school is an attractive place. But those who are not successful at school, and who are always pressed by teachers and their parents, school is boring and uninteresting.

I think that the most important role of school is giving knowledge. Most of my teachers have a lot of teaching experience; they understand very well the difficulties of the learning process. They help us to learn all subjects well. They also guide us and advice us on all aspects of our study and life. They share their knowledge and experience with us, and we respond with love. Your parents should understand you and help you when you need their help. We have our school psychologist who also helps us to overcome difficulties and cope with our problems. The main purpose of our school is to create a supportive and caring atmosphere for students.

Part II.

School is not only a place of education; it is a place where we develop our relationships, increasing tolerance and mutual respect of one another among our classmates. At school we can enjoy different cultural activities and demonstrate our individual talents. Everyone has an opportunity to take part in different performances at a school or class party, or to take part in different sport competitions. These activities help us with our education and relationships among our classmates. 

So a teacher plays an important role in our education, and when we remember our school years we usually remember our teachers, if they were fair and intelligent or not. I think that I’m a lucky person – almost all my teachers are very interesting and intelligent. When our teachers criticize us, they follow such rules: they try to correct a student’s action, not him; they do not impress upon him that he has no abilities; they try to contribute to the minds and souls of their students; they try to be a path for their students to go through a dark forest of school rules. But I can’t judge all teachers, because there are as many opinions how to treat a child as there are people. Teachers must choose their methods themselves, but they should remember that they influence and shape the student’s opinion about their school. As for me, I think that in our school almost all teachers understand the students and become like parents to us. They support us and care for us. I’m happy at my school and so are my classmates.

Vocabulary:

age	возраст, эпоха
to assign	предназначать
public	общественный
to gain	получать
knowledge	знания
to do well	справляться
attractive	привлекательный
to be successful	быть успешным
to be pressed	быть подавленным
experience	опыт
subject	предмет
to guide	руководить, направлять
to respond	отвечать
to relax	расслабиться
to support	поддерживать
psychologist	психолог
to overcome difficulties	преодолевать сложности
to cope with	справляться c
purpose	цель
to create	создавать
to develop	развивать
to increase	увеличивать, повышать
tolerance	терпение
mutual	взаимный
opportunity	возможность
supportive	поддерживающий
to get into trouble	попасть в неприятности
fair	справедливый
rule	правило
to impress	впечатлять, влиять
to contribute	вносить вклад
mind and soul	разум и душа
path	тропинка
to judge	судить
to care smb	заботиться о ком либо

PRACTICE.

1. What statements are True or False (T); (F)

1.    School is the traditional place for acculturating children into our national life .

2.    For students who are doing well in most subjects and who want to get higher education, school is an attractive place.

3.    Teachers share their knowledge and experience with us, but we do not respond with love.

4.    The main purpose of our school is to create only working atmosphere.

5.    The standard of education in our school is average.

6.    School is not only a place of education; it is a place where we develop our relationships, increasing tolerance and mutual respect of one another among our classmates.

7.    Everyone has an opportunity to take part in different performances at a school.

8.    When our teachers criticize us, they follow such rules: they try to humiliate a student’s action.

9.    When our teachers criticize us, they follow such rules: they do not impress upon him that he has no abilities; they try to contribute to the minds and souls of their students; they try to be a path for their students to go through a dark forest of school rules.

10. So a teacher plays an important role in our education, and when we remember our school years we usually remember our teachers.

11.  Almost all teachers don`t try to understand the students.

               12. The teachers support us and care for us.

2. Translate into Russian:

a)      traditional place b)      national life c)       modern age d)      public culture e)       different tasks f)       higher education g)      the most important role

h)      social life i)        a supportive and caring atmosphere j)       mutual respect k)      individual talents l)        different sport competitions m)    sensitive teachers

3. Prove with the help of the opinions that:

1)      School is an attractive and a boring place at the same time.

2)      Teachers are good, because they always help us.

3)      School is not only a place for our education.

4)      At school we have different cultural activities.

5)      A teacher plays an important role in our life.

6)      Teachers  follow different rules.

4. Divide the following statements into 2 groups:

SCHOOL ADVANTAGES	SCHOOL DISADVANTAGES

5.  Choose a proper word in each sentence:

1. ………  is the traditional place for acculturating children into our national life. (sport club; school)

2. For students who are doing well in most subjects and who want to get higher education, school is an …………… place. (attractive; boring).

3. The most important role of school is giving …………….. (amusement; knowledge).

4. The teachers ………… (take; share) their knowledge and experience with us.

5. School ………….. (dentist; psychologist)  helps us to overcome difficulties and cope with our problems.

6.  School is a place where we develop our …………….(relationships;  drobegs)

6. Translate from Russian and use it as the retelling.

1.    Школа является традиционным местом для окультуривания детей.

2.    Ученики учатся 11 лет и получают знания, выполняя различные задания.

3.    Самая важная роль школы – это давать знания.

4.    Учителя помогают нам хорошо изучать предметы, также они руководят нами и советуют по всем аспектам в учебе и в жизни, они делятся своими знаниями и опытом.

5.    Родители и школьные психологи помогают нам преодолевать трудности и справляться с проблемами.

6.    Школа- это не только место для образования, это место, где мы развиваем  наши взаимоотношения.

7.    В школе мы можем принимать участие в различных культурных и спортивных  мероприятиях.

8.    Учитель играет важную роль в нашем образовании, и мы всегда помним наши школьные годы и наших учителей.

The plural number of a noun.

 

           REMEMBER! множественное число имен существительных в английском языке образуется путем прибавления окончания –(e)s. Однако есть несколько десятков существительных, форма множественного числа которых образуется несколько иначе.

PRACTICE.

1.       Form the plural number of a noun:

A box, a toy, a man, a fox, a sheep, a shelf, a baby, an advice,  news, a woman, a table, sugar, people, ink, an ox, shorts, a child, a computer, air, water, a tooth, a mouse, a car, a  cat,  snow, scissors,  a woman-seller, a wife, a day, coffee,  a basis,  information,  a ship, a tooth,  contents, money.

2.       Spread the following words into 2 groups: (singular and plural)

People, a map, trees, children, an ox, a street, cattle, fish,  shorts, a cap, forks, a wife, knives, scissors,  a mouse, men, women, a deer, teeth, air, cats, a rose, deer, milk, a table, water, trousers,  two weeks, a key, mice,  a foot,  babies, a toy, parents, oxen, spectacles, geese, a sheep, coffee, money, a year, a pen, plates, news, cheese, a sweet, biscuits,  a book, bags, an animal, a woman-assistant.

 

SINGULAR	PLURAL

3. Fill in the blanks with the correct words from the list:

• fish • mouse • students • teeth • water • woman • feet • scissors •

a) A ……. is a very unpredictable (непредсказуемый) creature.

b)    Some ……………. like school, others don’t.

c)    My ……. are tired very much, because I walked a lot.

d)    I need ………. I must cut the paper into pieces.

e)    There is a ……. in the corner. I am afraid small animals.

f)     She has got a wonderful smile, because her ……… are very white.

g)    I need some ……… I am thirsty.

h)    There are a lot of ……….. in the river. Let`s go fishing.

4.    Give the following female nouns in plural:

An actor	A grandfather
A man	A son
An uncle	A host
A husband	A king
A brother	A boy
A prince	A French man

5.    Put the following sentences in plural:

1.       This is a school subject. 2. This is a desk. 3. This is a teacher. 4. This is a map. 5. This is a pen. 6. This is an English book. 7. This is a copy-book. 8. This is a dictionary. 9. This is a note-book. 10. This is a book-case.  

6.    Make the sentences:

			big	pen (s)
			nice	box(es)
These	are	a	thin	desk(s)
This	is		thick	city(ies)
			red	pencil(s)
			small	bed(s)
			wonderful	car(s)
			comfortable	park(s)

Articles.

PRACTICE.

         REMEMBER! Артикль не употребляется, если перед существительным стоит притяжательное или указательное  местоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже (mother`s), количественное числительное или отрицание “no”, но не “not”.

1.       Put in the article where necessary:

1.               This is ….. book. It is …… my book.  2. Is this your ….. pencil? – No, it is not ….. my pencil, it is my sister`s pencil. 3. I have ….. sister. My …. sister is ….. engineer. 4. My sister`s husband is …. doctor. 5. I have no …. handbag. 6. She has got …. headache. 7. Have they got ….. car? – Yes, they have. Their ….. car is very expensive but reliable. 8. Have you got …… calculator? – No, I haven`t.  9. This …. pen is good, and that …. pen is bad. 10. I can see … pencil on your …. table, but I can see no …. paper.  11. My … friend told me that he was going to be …… millionaire one … day.

 

         REMEMBER! Упоминая предмет впервые, мы  употребляем перед ним неопределенный артикль (a, an) Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль. 

2.       Put in the article where necessary:

1. He hasn`t got ….. car. But he has …. computer. ….. computer  is new. 2. This is …. a copy-book.  ……. copy-book is in English.  3. My …  friend has no …. bicycle.  I have …. bicycle. ……. bicycle is black. 4. We wrote …. dictation yesterday. ……… dictation was long. 5. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at … hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ….. hotel and sometimes in … restaurant. 6. I got ….. letter from my ….. friend yesterday. ….. letter was interesting. 7. She has ….. daughters and one … son.  Her …. son is ….. pupil.

 

     REMEMBER! Неопределенный артикль  может употребляться только с исчисляемыми существительными  в ед.числе. Перед неисчисляемыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опускается. Определенный артикль употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми сущ. в ед. и мн. числе.

3.       Put in the article where necessary:

1. These are pencils. ….. pencils are red. 2. This is ….. soup. …… soup is tasty. 3. In the morning I eat …… sandwich and drink …… tea. 4. She gave me …… coffee and ……cake. …… coffee was hot, …… cake was tasty. 5. He never eats ….. meat. He always eats …..vegetables. ….. cereals, ……fruit, …..nuts. 6. She bought …. meat, …….butter and …… potatoes yesterday.  7. She also bought …. cake. …… cake was tasty. 8. Do you like …. Ice cream? 9. We bought …..apples. ……. apples are good. 10. We ate …… cake with ….. tea. …… tea was pleasant.

 

     REMEMBER! Запомните словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:

at school –   в школе

at home –  дома

at work -  на работе

4.       Put in the article where necessary:

1. We are  at…. home. 2. My ….. brother is not  at ….. home, he is at …… school. 3. is your father at ……. home? 4. Where is your ……… brother? He is at ….. home.  5. I have two ….. sisters. My ….sisters are at …… home. 6. She has …. two  children.  Her children are at  ….. school!. 7. My….. father is at …. home.  He is not at ….. work.

5.                  Put in  "a/an" in the sentences and translate:

a)    What …… wonderful idea to meet at this restaurant.

b)    My stepmother is ……. English interpreter at the ABB University.

c)    Usually we meet once …. week after the lessons.

d)    It is rather …… bad solution to get money in such …. way.

e)    …. apple was damaged, I didn`t want it.

f)     …. Embassy is situated near our school.

g)    Uncle Paul is ……. engineer at the Construction engineering Company.

h)    What …… surprise!!!!

i)     We moved 10 miles …. hour.

6.   Put in a/the or -  in the sentences:

a.     They have a book.  …… book is very interesting.

b.    These buildings are situated on …… north.

c.     …… Ivanovs are very communicative people.

d.    It was …… best film I have ever seen.

e.     …….sugar is very harmful  in big  quantity.

f.     There were several shipcrashes in … Pacific Ocean.

g.    ….. Euro is a strong currency.

h.    Ann`s dream was to visit …..Paris.

i.      My parents are at …. work, so you may come to me.

j.      At this training coarse there is …. new subject.

Conversational  topic:  HEALTHY LIFESTYLE.

Grammar topic:  THE PRESENT SIMPLE TENSE.

Sport and a healthy lifestyle.

Sport and health are closely connected. Generally speaking health has several components and sport is one of them. Others are healthy diet, hasteless and calm lifestyle, being in harmony with yourself and with others and positive attitude, of course.

 Sport is regarded more as a component of physical health. However, everybody knows that healthy body means sound mind. Sport is mostly associated with young people, but that’s a false opinion. Many old people also regularly exercise.

 Nowadays, there are several ways to keep fit. First is to do regular morning exercises. Second is to exercise during the day through cycling, roller-skating, walking in the park, jogging, swimming, ice-skating etc. And the third way is to attend specialized fitness – centers, which can be found nearly everywhere now. They offer wide opportunities for people with different needs. They are often combined with swimming-pools or ice-rinks.

People of different ages can design exercises that will fit them. Running, jumping, swimming, aerobics,   stretching are among the most popular exercises. Many people prefer jogging, which is the cheapest and the most accessible sport. Walking is a very popular activity too. For example, popular running competitions are now held everywhere.  The big city marathons have become sporting events. Television and newspapers report about them in detail. In order to keep fit some people do aerobics or yoga, karate, belly dancing, others prefer body building, weightlifting, and a simple work out in the gym.    People can easily learn more about fitness through popular books and videos that are sold almost everywhere. A healthy body becomes a fashion, an ideal of the life of today

Children also have numerous opportunities to keep fit. Every school offers physical education as a compulsory subject. Some schools even offer swimming lessons in summer and skiing lessons in winter.

Many sports activities have become a part of daily Russian life. Football has always been the most popular sport among boys. Playing football is healthy; football also brings people close because in order to win people have to work as a team. Bicycling is very popular in Russia. Skiing, skating, fishing and hunting are wide spread in our country.  Another activity that is popular in our country is roller-skating. Today it has reached its peak in our country.

Everybody can choose the type of sport they want to do. Some people even become professionals; some simply do it as an amateur in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

Vocabulary:

to connect	связывать, соединять
health	здоровье
hasteless	размеренный
lifestyle	образ жизни
attitude	отношение
to be regarded	считаться
cycling	велоспорт
jogging	бег
Ice-rink	каток
to offer	предлагать
stretching	растягивание
accessible	доступный
competition	соревнование
to hold	проходить
in order	чтобы
to keep fit	поддерживать в форме
belly dancing	танец живота
fashion	мода, модный
compulsory	обязательно
to bring smb close	сближать
skiing	катание на лыжах
skating	катание на коньках
hunting	охота
to spread	распространяться
to reach	достигать
amateur	любитель
to maintain	поддерживать

PRACTICE:

1.    Match the notices to their meanings. Fill in the table:

Healthy diet	A.     Положительное отношение
Physical health	B.      Различные потребности
False opinion	C.      Спортивные мероприятия
Regular morning exercises	D.     Чтобы поддерживать
Healthy body	E.      Здоровая диета
Hasteless  lifestyle	F.      Доступный спорт
Sound mind	G.     Ошибочное мнение
Positive attitude	H.     Физическое здоровье
Accessible sport	I.        Регулярные утренние упражнения
sporting events	J.        Здоровый ум
Different  needs	K.     Обязательный предмет
work out in the gym	L.      Многочисленные возможности
numerous opportunities	M.    Тренировка в спортзале
compulsory subject	N.     Размеренный образ жизни
in order to maintain	O.     Здоровое тело

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15

2. Insert the proper word from the brackets:

1.    Sport and …………. are closely connected. (здоровье)

2.    Health has several components:  healthy diet, hasteless  ……………, being in harmony with yourself and with others and ………….. attitude. (образ жизни, позитивный)

3.    Healthy body means ………… mind. (здоровый)

4.    First is to do regular morning ……………. (упражнения)

5.    Second is to exercise …………… the day through cycling, roller-skating, walking in the park, jogging, swimming, ice-skating etc.  (во время)

6.    And the third way is to attend ………………………., which can be found nearly everywhere now.(специализированные фитнес-центры)

7.    People can easily learn more about fitness through ………………. and videos that are sold almost everywhere.  (популярные книги)

8.    Every school offers ………………….. as a compulsory subject. (физическое образование)

9.    Football has always been the most popular sport among …………….. (мальчики)

       10.  Some people even become ………….., some simply do it as an …………… in order to maintain a healthy             lifestyle. (профессионалы, любители)

3. Find and correct mistakes:

A.   Health has several components: sport, healthy diet, being in tense and positive attitude.

B.   Healthy body means intelligent mind.

C.   There are several ways to keep fit. First is to do athletic exercises.

D.   Second is to exercise during the day through playing chess or piano.

E.   The third way is to attend specialized fitness – parks.

F.    In order to keep fit some people do aerobics or yoga,  disco dancing.

G.   A healthy body becomes not popular point of the life  today.

H.   The most popular kind of sport in our country is baseball.

4.  Read the sentences given here and decide which of the given meanings is the correct one.

1.    People of different ages can design exercises that will fit them.

a.     People of different ages can not do the  exercises that will fit them.

b.    People of different ages can do the exercises they want  to do.

c.     People of the same ages can do the same exercises.

2.    Television and newspapers report about sport city marathons in detail.

a.     Mass media always report about sport events in a city.

b.    Radio is supposed to be the only source of sport information.

c.     Television and newspapers don`t say about sport city marathons in detail.

3.    Playing  football is healthy; football also brings people close because in order to win people have to work as a team.

a.     Playing  soccer is useful, you can work as a good team  during the game.

b.    It is very funny to play football, because you can enjoy your friends` communication.

               c.    Playing football is good, but it demands a lot of efforts.

5.  Look at the pictures. What kind of sport is it? Do you go in for it? What is your favorite? Why?

e.g.  It is morning exercises. Sometimes I go in for it.  My favorite kind of sport is swimming, because I like water.

1.   2.  3.  4.

.5.     6.   7.  8.

6.    Translate from Russian the following sentences:

1)    Здоровье имеет несколько компонентов:  здоровая диета, размеренный образ жизни,  находиться в гармонии с самим собой и позитив.

2)    Все знают, что в здоровом теле здоровый дух.

3)    Считается, что спорт является компонентом физического здоровья.

4)    Существует несколько способов поддерживать себя в форме, во первых – делать  регулярно утреннюю зарядку, во-вторых – заниматься в течении дня любым видом спорта, в третьих – посещать фитнесс-центры.

5)    Люди различных возрастов могут придумывать себе упражнения, которые им подойдут.

6)    Люди могут узнать о фитнессе через популярные книги, журналы, телевидение.

7)    В школе физ-ра является обязательным предметом, поэтому у детей есть возможность поддерживать себя в форме.

8)    Некоторые люди становятся профессионалами, другие остаются любителями.

*7.  Answer the questions:

A)

1. What is the most popular sport in Russia?	Roman Abramovich	2. What is the most popular sport in the USA?
3. How many players are there in a football team?	David Bakham	4. Who is the most popular actor- body-builder in the USA?
5. What`s the name of the well-known basketball-player of Orlando Magic team?	Arnold Schwarzenegger	6. Who is the owner of football club “Chelsea”
7.  What is the meaning of the word “fitness”?	Approximately an hour and a half	8. Name one of the most popular Russian football team.
9. What is one of  the most popular sport in Great Britain?	Spartak	10. Who is the most popular football player in Great Britain?
11.  How much time does the hockey match last?	Eleven	12.  What is the most useful food product?
13. Who is the most popular football player in Portugal?	Shaquille  O'Neal	14. What do sportsmen shouldn`t eat?
	baseball
	berries
	football
	Cristiano Ronaldo
	Physical exercises and a healthy lifestyle
	golf
	A hamburger

B) Spread the following words into 2 groups:

1. What food is useful or not?

Milk, meat, chocolate, juice, nuts, oranges, butter, fish, caviar,  pork, white bread, beef, berries, ice-cream, mayonnaise, tomatoes, pasta, eggs, potato, cakes, sausages, cheese, a fried chicken, a burger, chips, a cucumber, shrimps, tea, coffee, beans, water, tinned fish, ravioli.

YES	NO

2.What activities are sportive or not?

Walking in a park, cycling, reading, bodybuilding, jumping, watching TV, talking on the phone, swimming, running, stretching, dancing, wrestling, washing, eating, jogging, city marathons, playing computer games, doing morning exercises, joggling, boxing, belly-dancing, chess, athletics, cooking, studding, skiing, roller-skating, roller-coasting.

YES	NO

3.What football and hockey teams are Russian or not?

Zenit, Rubin, Toronto,  Maple Leafs,  Arsenal, Terek, Avangard, Amur, Dynamo, Chelsea, Detroit Red Wings Diesel,  CSK, Real Madrid, Los-Angeles Kings, Metallurg, Barcelona, Manchester United, CSK BBC, Milan, Locomotive, Bavaria.

YES	NO

The Present Simple Tense.

 

REMEMBER!

С местоимениями 3 л. ед. ч. (he, she, it) используется вспомогательный глагол DOES, а с местоимениями I, you, we, they используется вспомогательный глагол DO. Вспомогательные глаголы DO, DOES не переводятся и нужны для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений. При образования вопроса вспомогательные глаголы ставятся на первое место.

PRACTICE.

1.    Put the following sentences into negative and interrogative form:

	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
ü  I cook  useful dish
ü  We think sport is good
ü  They play tennis every weekend
ü  She prefers stretching
ü  He likes box
ü  Andrew goes to the gym in evenings
ü  The students play baseball every Thursday

2.    Put in the right auxiliary verb and translate:

a)    ……. you go in for sport?

b)   ……. she keep a healthy diet?

c)    ……  the sportsmen follow the certain rules?

d)   I …… not like skating, I prefer roller-skating.

e)    My elder sister ….. not watch sports news, she watches only fashion programs.

f)     Where …… you usually train to keep fit?

g)    When ….. my brother usually jogging?

h)   We ….. not need a ball, we need a tennis racket.

i)     Ann likes aerobics, she …. not like basketball.

j)     …… your mother keep hasteless lifestyle?

3.    Translate the sentences:

1.       The sportsmen of Russian national team usually win a lot of golden, silver and bronze medals every Olympic games.

2.       Don`t eat sweets, if you want to be healthy and keep fit.

3.       Does Ann read books about sport and a healthy life?

4.       Many people go in for sport because they consider it to be fashionable.

5.       Do you keep a diet? What do you usually eat?

6.       My friends do not like watching programs about sports event, but I do.

7.       Our grandfather is old enough, that`s why I always help him about the house, I do shopping, I cook food, I wash, I wash dishes, I clean his flat once a week and I even help him to go in for sport.

8.       We don`t like to watch football on TV, we sometimes go to sports stadiums.

9.       Do you speak any foreign languages?

4.    Make up sentences:

I			like (s)	for his team
You			fight (s)	different subjects
He, she, it	do		help (s)	to overcome with illness
We, they	does	not	read (s)	in a ring
Ann, John, Steve			study (ies)	sport
Students, doctors, sportsmen			go in for (es)	books and magazines
A football player, a boxer			play (s)	to cook tasty dishes

5.    Fill in the correct word.

∙ knows ∙ does ∙ becomes ∙ means ∙ does not ∙ do ∙ prefer ∙attends ∙ offer ∙ attend∙

1.    Jane …….. the rules of this game.

2.    …… you enjoy this football match?

3.    Healthy body …….. healthy mind.

4.    Steve …… not eat useful food.

5.    Many people …… specialized sports-clubs.

6.    Caroline ……. swimming pool regularly.

7.    A healthy body …….. a fashion, an ideal of the life of today.

8.    I ……. jogging, it is the cheapest kind of sport.

9.    Mary …..   ……  maintain a healthy lifestyle.

10. Fitness centers …… wide opportunities.

6.    Underline the correct item.

1.    We do not\does not like hard athletics.

2.    Do\does your father play chess?

3.    She prefer\prefers yoga more than aerobics.

4.    My sister Alice go\goes in for tennis.

5.    I do\does not follow the healthy diet, I can`t imagine my life without ice-cream.

6.    Do you eat\eats many sweets?

7.    When they exercise\exercises regularly, they feel better.

8.    When you plan\plans your study well you are sure  to avoid stress.

9.    Do\does a sportsman relax between the work out?

10.  Every school offer\offers a physical education as a compulsory subject.

MODULE 3      (UNITS 5 & 6)

                           

Conversational  topic: A CITY AND A VILLAGE.

Grammar topic:  THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE.

Advantages and disadvantages of life in a city and in a village.

Mary: I live in the city and I don`t even want to think about changing my place of living.  Actually the city life is more comfortable, there are a lot of facilities for people in the city to make money. Besides, children living in the city can get a good education, because there are better schools in town than in the country.

Jane: You are absolutely right! To my way of thinking, when a person falls ill there are good government and private hospitals in the city to get treatment. Then, there are lots of shops, complexions, banks, offices, cinemas, hostels, clubs, hospitals etc. in and around the city. Besides people in the city have better transport facilities than in the village. There is electricity, highway, communication, telecommunication in the city. So people can lead a comfortable and enjoyable life in the city.

Mike: But to my mind, living in the city has some disadvantages too. First, the cost of living is very high in the city. Most goods are very expensive. There is no fresh air and pure water. The environment is polluted with dust, smoke, garbage and dioxide gases from factories. Most of the people who live in the city are corrupted. So there are lots of crimes there. Many thefts and murders often take place in the city. The city is always busy and noisy. There are a lot of vehicles and people in the road. The streets are dusty and unclean. So it is hard to lead a healthy life in the city.

Susan: I would like to tell you about advantages in the village life. Mainly the people of the village live in unity and peace. The villagers earn money very hard and enough for life. The village people always try to preserve their traditional habits and culture. There’s clean air and the environment is very beautiful. The village has less noise and rush. So the pollution is less. The village has not a lot of vehicles. So roads are less dangerous for driving and cycling. They can get fresh vegetables and fresh fruits.

Linnet: Let me say my point of view. The village has not only good points, but also it has bad points. The village has intelligent people, but many people are not educated. Villagers children go to the village’s school. They do not go to the city’s school. They have some difficulty to keep up with new developments in their field or profession. Village people have to face many difficulties for their lives. They have to go to the city to supply their needs.

Nowadays young people are moving from the peaceful hills, mountains, rivers and streams of the countryside to the busy world of traffic, streets and crowds. And the oldsters  enjoy  fresh air, fruits and vegetables , clear water and view of the nature.

Vocabulary:

advantage	преимущество
disadvantage	недостаток
facility	возможность
to fell ill	заболеть
to get treatment	получить лечение
highway	шоссе, автострада
expensive	дорогой
pure	чистый
environment	окружающая среда
to pollute	загрязнять
dust	пыль
garbage	мусор
dioxide gas	Диоксидный газ
to corrupt	коррумпировать
theft	кража
murder	убийство
vehicle	транспортное средство
unity	единство
to earn	зарабатывать
to preserve	сохранить
habit	привычка
noise	шум
rush	cпешка, ажиотаж
to keep up	идти в ногу
development	развитие
to supply	запасаться
countryside	сельская местность
traffic	движение
crowd	толпа
nature	природа

PRACTICE.

1.    Match the notices to their meanings. Fill in the table:

1.       Смена места жительства	A.     Dust, smoke, garbage
2.       Городская жизнь	B.      Traditional habits
3.       Зарабатывать деньги	C.      Government and private hospitals
4.       Хорошее образование	D.     Mountains, rivers, streams
5.       Государственные и частные больницы	E.      Village people
6.       Магазины, комплексы, банки, офисы	F.      Cost of living
7.       Лучшие транспортные приспособления	G.     Comfortable and enjoyable life
8.       Комфортная и замечательная жизнь	H.     Fresh air
9.       Стоимость проживания	I.        Shops, complexes, banks, offices
10.   Свежий воздух	J.        City life
11.   Чистая вода	K.     Changing place of living
12.   Кражи и убийства	L.      Unity and piece
13.   Единение и мир	M.    Thefts and murders
14.   Традиционные привычки	N.     Better traffic facilities
15.   Пыль, дым, мусор 16.   Идти в ногу с новыми развитиями 17.   Деревенские люди 18.   Горы, реки, ручьи	O.     To earn money P.      Good education Q.     Pure water R.      To keep up with new developments

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18

2.    Find in the opinions  the ideas to say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). If it is wrong correct it.

1.    Actually the city life is more comfortable, there are a lot of facilities for people in the city to make money.
2.   Children living in the city can get a bad education, because there are worse schools in town than in the country. 3.   There are lots of shops, complexions, banks, offices, cinemas, hostels, clubs, hospitals etc. in and around the city.
4.   There is electricity, highway, communication, telecommunication in the village.
5.   The cost of living is very high in the city.
6.   The environment is polluted with dust, smoke, garbage and dioxide gases from factories in the village.
7.   Mainly the people of the village live in unity and peace.
8.   The village has less noise and rush.
9.    Villagers have some difficulty to keep up with new developments in their field or profession.

3.    Insert the proper word from the brackets:

a)    I live in the city and I don`t even want to think about ……… my place of living. (смена)

b)    Actually the city life is more comfortable, there are a lot of …………… for people in the city to make money.  (возможности)

c)    When a person falls ill there are good ……………. and ……………. hospitals in the city to get treatment. (государственные и частные)

d)    Besides people in the city have better transport ……………… than in the village.  (возможности)

e)    So people can lead a comfortable and ………….. life in the city. (замечательная)

f)     Most goods are very ……………...  (дорогие)

g)    There is no fresh …….. and pure water. (воздух)

h)    The environment is polluted with dust, smoke, ………….. and dioxide gases from factories. (мусор)

i)     Many ……….. and murders often take place in the city. (кражи)

j)      The villagers earn   …………… very hard and enough for life. (деньги)

k)    The village has not a lot of ……………….. (транспортное средство) 

4.    Read the opinions and say which ones do you agree with:

 

5.    Circle the odd one out:

ü  shops, tables, offices, cinemas

ü  electricity, communication, television, house

ü  gold, dust, smoke, garbage

ü  village, city, town, road

ü  fresh air, fresh pie, pure water, fresh fruit

ü  environment, pollution, noise, school

6.    Answer the questions on the text:

1)    Is the city life more comfortable?

2)    What do people have in the city to make money?

3)    Can children living in the city get a good education?

4)    Are there lots of shops, complexions, banks, offices, cinemas, hostels, clubs, hospitals  in and around the city?

5)    Is there electricity, highway, communication, telecommunication in the city?

6)    What can you say about cost of living in the city?

7)    What is the environment polluted with in a city?

8)    What can you say about crimes in a city?

9)    How do people live in a village?

10)              Is there clean air in a village?

11)              Do the villagers keep up with the new developments?

The Past Simple Tense.

 

REMEMBER! В английском языке существует 2 вида глаголов: правильные и неправильные. В зависимости от этого прошедшее время образуется по-разному. К правильным глаголам прибавляется окончание –ed, у неправильных используется 2 форма.

e.g. We translated a text yesterday.

        We came home yesterday.

PRACTICE.

1.    Put the following verbs into Past Simple Tense:

To translate, to give, to get, to work, to open, to fight, to receive, to like, to forget, to learn, to give, to play, to say, to build, to travel.

2.    Put the following sentences into negative and interrogative form:

	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
ü  I prepared a surprise for him
ü  We thought about this film
ü  They played tennis last weekend
ü  Mary preferred to live in a city
ü  He liked fresh air
ü  They went to the village last Friday
ü  The students studied History of our town last semester

3.    Make up sentences:

I			like (ed)	-fresh air of nature.
You			come (came)	-different subjects.
He, she, it			help (ed)	-to live in a village.
We, they	did	not	read	-to your place a month ago.
Kate, John, Mark			study (ied)	-chess last Sunday.
Students			play (ed)	books and magazines yesterday.
				-to cook tasty dishes.

4.    Open the brackets and translate the following:

a)         I (not to want) to go to a city last summer.	g)         My father (to watch) TV yesterday.
b)        You (to like) Black Sea?	h)         We (to visit) Rome last spring?
c)         We (to travel) last year.	i)          I (not to open) the window 2 minutes ago.
d)        They (to finish) the school 2 months ago.	j)          What you (to buy) in a shop?
e)         She (to read) this novel last week?	k)         Jeremy (to talk) to the teacher 3 hours ago.
f)         I (not to translate) a text about my family.	l)          Students (to write) lecture yesterday?

5.    Underline the correct item.

1.    We did not\ not like to rest in a river last summer.

2.    Did\does your father work at village school 10 years ago?

3.    She preferred\prefers going to the shop yesterday than to the cinema.

4.    My brother go\went to the library 2 hours ago.

5.    I do\did not fish last year.

6.    Did you eat\ate many fruit last week?

7.    When did you plan\planned to move to a village?

8.    Kate did\do not help me to solve my problems.

6.    Translate from Russian:

1.    Мы  купили дом в деревне в прошлом году.

2.    Вы перевели статью о загрязнении воды на прошлом уроке?

3.    Я не принёс вчера новые книги.

4.     Они ходили в кино 3 дня назад?

5.    Кого вы видели вчера в магазине?

6.     Его родители вернулись с поездки неделю назад.

7.    Мой папа сменил несколько профессий, когда был молодым.

8.    Аня не сдала экзамены на прошлой неделе.

9.    Позавчера они  видели их новую соседку.

10. Николай не приходил вчера ко мне.

Conversational  topic: LEISURE TIME.

Grammar topic:  THE FUTURE SIMPLE.

The interests of today's youth.

Internet. Almost all young people "hang" in virtuality. Boys and girls live in several worlds. And, as it is not sad, virtual reality replaces the real life. Forums, social networking, entertainment portals .... They are able to keep people in computer monitors and laptops almost round the clock. Sometimes it seems that the boys and girls, "living" in the online mode, too lazy to go out into the real world. Virtuality is very convenient because you can say a lot, comment, discuss, and are not afraid condemning views.
Clubs. It is not a life without clubs for today`s youth. Club is a place for acquaintances, relaxing and enjoyable pastime. Many modern persons do not know how to relax on different way.
Fashion. Just do not rush to say that the concept of "fashion" is more about the girls. A lot of guys like to dress in the latest fashion. They are even ready to spend a paycheck on new things. And they do not believe that there is something shameful. Men also love to look great, just to keep up with fashion trends.
Music. To live without music means to live without air. The new generation tries to pass emotions, feelings, sentiments   with the help of the music.
Movies. Nowadays tickets are sold out in the movies to escape velocity. There are various video formats. Format 3D gained popularity.  Youth try to surprise themselves and combine watching a movie with romance. Last rows are places for kisses. A movie is a nice background and reason.
Mobile phones. Do you agree if I say that they have conquered the world? No one can imagine his life without  a mobile phone. There is a great variety of cell-phones, it is even very difficult to choose the best one.
Sport. Despite technological progress, the sport is not dead, and in the modern world. The most popular of its kind: football, hockey, volleyball, basketball, bodybuilding, fitness, swimming.
Books. What books are maddening youth?  "Horror", books about different vampires and werewolves, blockbusters, ironic detective novels are very popular. Also young people prefer compact booklets or books in electronic form.
Computer games. They are so devoted to magazines, articles, and websites .... CDs are bought on the eyes. Especially those games where the guys and girls find themselves. Games are successive  that are created on the plot of favorite movies or TV shows. Neither the girls nor the boys do not think about gambling addiction. And, unfortunately, it can appear suddenly.
Generally, young people like to live. Learn something new, be determined. Especially life is interesting when it has sense. A lot of the negative associated with boys and girls who live in our time. But only they can determine who they will become in this life.  Only they can understand and plan what they will do.

Vocabulary:

1.         youth	1.    молодежь
2.         virtual reality (virtuality)	2.    виртуальная реальность (виртуальность)
3.         social network	3.    социальная сеть
4.         entertainment portal	4.    развлекательный портал
5.         a laptop	5.    ноутбук
6.         lazy	6.    ленивый
7.         convenient	7.    удобный
8.         condemning	8.    осуждающий
9.         acquaintance	9.    знакомство
10.     relaxing	10.   расслабление
11.     pastime	11.   время провождения
12.     to rush	12.   спешить
13.     concept	13.   понятие
14.     fashion	14.   мода
15.     a guy	15.   парень
16.     to spend a paycheck	16.   потратить заработную плату
17.     shameful	17.   постыдный
18.     to keep up	18.   идти в ногу
19.     generation	19.   поколение
20.     sentiment	20.   ощущение
21.     to escape velocity	21.   с космической скоростью
22.     to gain	22.   достичь
23.     background and reason.	23.   фон и повод
24.     To conquer	24.   завоевать
25.     Cell-phone	25.   cотовый телефон
26.     horror	26.   ужас
27.     a werewolve	27.   оборотень
28.     to devote	28.   посвящать
29.     plot	29.   сюжет
30.     gambling addiction	30.   зависимость от азартных игр
31.     determined	31.   решительный
32.     sense	32.   смысл

PRACTICE.

1.    Prove with the help of the opinions that:

a)        Almost all young people "hang" in virtuality.

b)        It is not a life without clubs for today`s youth.

c)         A lot of guys like to dress in the latest fashion.

d)        No one can imagine his life without a mobile phone.

e)         Neither the girls nor the boys do not think about gambling addiction.

2.    Find the equivalents:

потратить заработную плату	a)      young people "hang" in virtuality
большое количество сотовых телефонов	b)      places for kisses
места для поцелуев	c)      club is a place for acquaintances
не боятся осуждающих взглядов	d)      the concept of "fashion"
виртуальная реальность замещает реальную жизнь	e)      forums, social networking, entertainment portals
понятие «мода»	f)       to pass emotions, feelings, sentiments
книги о различных вампирах и оборотнях	g)      are bought on the eyes
форумы, соц. сети, развлекательные порталы	h)      to gain popularity.
хороший фон и повод	i)       virtual reality replaces the real life
молодые люди «висят» в виртуальности	j)       are not afraid  condemning views
почти круглосуточно	k)      a great variety of cell-phones
клуб-это место для знакомств	l)       to spend a paycheck
зависимость от азартных игр	m)    almost round the clock
выйти в реальный мир	n)      a nice background and reason
заработать популярность	o)      to go out into the real world
раскупаются на глазах	p)      books about different vampires and werewolves
передавать эмоции, чувства, ощущения	q)      just to keep up with fashion trends
несмотря на технологические процессы	r)       gambling addiction
идти в ногу с модными трендами	s)      despite technological progress

3.    Spread the following statements into 2 groups:

Almost all young people "hang" in virtuality;  virtuality is very convenient because you can say a lot, comment, discuss;  club is a place for  relaxing and enjoyable pastime;  youth like to dress in the latest fashion;  they are even ready to spend a paycheck on new things;  the new generation tries to pass emotions, feelings, sentiments   with the help of the music;  a movie is a nice background and reason for romance;  cell-phones conquered the world;  sport is not dead;  "Horror", books about different vampires and werewolves, blockbusters, ironic detective novels are very popular;  young people prefer compact booklets or books in electronic form;   computer games take a lot of time

POSITIVE	NEGATIVE
e.g. Club is a place for acquaintances

4.    Choose a proper word in each sentence:

·      Almost all youth …….. in virtual world. (stand, hang)

·      Forums, social networking, entertainment portals can keep ……….. (youth, police) in computer monitors and laptops almost round the clock.

·      Night clubs attract ………… young people. (a few, many)

·      Guys like to look great, they follow …….. (prescriptions, fashion)

·      Youth ………. movie and romance. (keep, combine)

·      You can not imagine your life without ………. (cell-phones, TV )

·      Youth like ……….. books about horror, detective stories. (to listen, to read)

·      Young people are not afraid of ……………. (gambling addiction, sweets addiction)

5.    Match the pictures and the items:

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8

A)  Young people like to play computer games

B)  Young people are going in for sport

C)  Young people follow fashion trends

D)  Young people prefer fantastic books

E)  Young people can not live without mobile-phones

F)   Young people are fond of music

G)  Young people always “hang” in social network

           

         

6.    Answer the questions:

1.    Is virtuality convenient and why?

2.    What is club?

3.    What is man`s attitude toward fashion?

4.    What does new generation try to pass with the help of music?

5.    Why is movie so popular?

6.    Is there a great variety of cell-phones?

7.    Do young people prefer electronic books?

8.    What can you say about computer games?

The Future Simple Tense.

 

               REMEMBER! В разговорном британском английском языке при образовании форм будущего времени в 1-м лице единственного и множественного числа глагол will под влиянием американского английского вытесняет глагол shall. При этом shall сохраняется в вопросах (просьбах) дать указание, совет или разрешение, а также в случаях, когда говорящий вызывается сделать что-либо.

1.    Fill in the gaps and translate:

1.         Young people …… go to the cinema next week.

2.         My elder sister …… buy me a new computer game in several days.

3.         I …… not help you to spend your money next summer.

4.         …… she come to my place tomorrow?

5.         ….. they play football the day after tomorrow?

6.         My friend …… not read this book next week as he ….. go to Miami.

2.    Make the sentences negative:

1.         A bride and a bridegroom will come in 10 minutes.

2.         I will show you a house for sale tomorrow.

3.         Nancy will return home in 3 days.

4.         People maybe will become better in several centuries.

5.         My cousin will be a genius scientific worker.

3.    Make the sentences interrogative:

1.    I will buy a laptop tomorrow.

2.    We will go in for sport next year.

3.     Students will pass exams in a week.

4.    Kat will present you with a new cell-phone.

5.    You will go to a night club tonight.

4.              Make the right word order:

a)    I, write, a, will, tomorrow, at 3 p.m., test.

b)    My parents, go, to, the South, will, week, next?

c)    She, not, come, will, home, in time.

d)    Peter, you, help, will, not, he, as, is, busy.

e)    Susan, buy, a, will, new, the day after tomorrow, dress?

f)     In, 2 hours, will, not, they, come.

5.    Fill in:

tomorrow, next year, in a day, in several months, the day after tomorrow, next week

1.    We will translate this difficult text …….. at the lesson.

2.    Will you return my magazine ……..?

3.    Samanta will not go to Paris …….., she will go to London ……….

4.    Will the students have practice ……….?

5.    My brother will not buy a new car ……… as he has no money.

6.    Translate the sentences:

a)    Мы будем поступать в ж.д. техникум в следующем году.

b)    Вы пойдете к ней на день рождения завтра?

c)    Мама не приедет послезавтра, она приедет через неделю.

d)    Я не пойду в этот спортивный клуб через пару недель, я пойду завтра в бассейн.

e)    Мы купим новые игровые диски через 2 часа.

f)     Твои родственники навестят вас на следующей неделе?

g)    Mэри принесет новые диски с фильмами завтра.

MODULE 4 (UNITS 7 & 8)

 

Conversational  topic:  MASS MEDIA.

Grammar topic: THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

Is TV good for us or not?

Everywhere, everyday, exciting things are happening. Each day is filled with news. People learn news and views. While reading newspapers and magazines, talking over the telephone, watching TV or listening to the radio they are kept informed. TV dominates the life of the family most of the time. The TV set isn't just a piece of furniture. It's someone who is "one of the family." TV is one of the best inventions the man ever made. We are really beginning to forget what the world was without TV. Everybody knows what a great force is TV in the world today. Thanks to TV we get a great amount of information. It gives wonderful possibilities for education. It enriches our intellect. We become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs, discussions and political issues of the day. TV gives us opportunities to see the best actors, sport matches, to meet famous people.  We see people in our country and in other lands and learn of their customs, occupations, opinions, problems. We become more cultured people by learning more of the arts. TV helps us to relax after a hard days work.

 Besides there is a considerable amount of TV programs (News, Current affairs, Musical Reviews, Sports Review, Travellers Club, Good Night Kids. etc) and they gather big audience. They provide useful topics for conversation, wise heated discussions. Current Affairs, News -  these programs deal with political and social problems of modern society. Their aim is to give an analyze of the problems and to show different viewpoints. They are concerned with the countries, national events. They show meetings with famous political analysts, discussing the most topical political problems of today. Musical reviews present  songs, pop groups, folk songs. It's very popular with TV reviews.

But tastes are different. Some people are against TV. They say that TV is doing a lot of harm. It occupies a lot of spare time, our free time is given to TV. For instance, people used to have hobbies, to meet friends, to go to the cinemas or to the theaters and sporting events, to read books or to listen to the music. Nowadays whole generations are growing addicted to the television. Children sit down watching TV hour after hour. They don't do their homework, they don't play in the fresh air, they don't read good books and they ruin their eyesight, besides, it can be very inconvenient to those who don't want to watch TV. The radio is turned on the most of the time. It doesn't interfere with your activities. You can listen to the radio while doing some work about the house, reading books or driving a car. On the radio we can hear music, plays, news and various commentary and discussions. Such broadcasts are popular with the listeners as they can hear various opinions. There is a lot of advertising on TV and radio. Advertising promotes business and businessmen but always annoys general public.

Vocabulary:

to fill	наполнять
exiting  things	захватывающие события
to learn	узнавать
view, event	событие
viewpoint	точка зрения
invention	изобретение
force	сила
great amount	большое количество
possibility	возможность
to enrich	обогащать
science program	научная программа
political issue	политический вопрос
opportunity	возможность (благоприятный случай)
occupation	занятие
art	искусство
considerable	значительный
current affairs	текущие события
sports Review	спортивное обозрение
musical Review	музыкальный обзор
travelers Club	клуб кинопутешественников
good Night Kids	спокойной ночи малыши
to provide	снабжать, обеспечивать
to gather big audience	собирать большую аудиторию
useful  topics  for conversation	полезные темы для разговора
wise heated discussion	мудрая жаркая дискуссия
to deal with	иметь дело с
to do a lot of harm	много вредить
used to	привыкать, иметь обыкновение
generation	поколение
to be addicted	быть зависимым
broadcast	передача
advertising	реклама
to promote	продвигать
to annoy	раздражать
eyesight	зрение

PRACTICE.

1.       Find in the opinions the ideas to say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). If it is wrong correct it.

2.       Everywhere, everyday, nothing is happening.
3.       While reading newspapers and magazines, talking over the telephone, watching TV or listening to the radio people are kept informed.
4.       TV is one of the best inventions the man ever made.
5.       TV is a member of a family.
6.       Thanks to TV we get a little amount of information.
7.       TV helps us to relax after a hard days work.
8.       There are only several TV programs.
9.       People are never against TV.
10.   TV occupies a lot of spare time.
11.   Nowadays whole generations are growing addicted to the televisions
12.   You can listen to the radio while doing some work about the house, reading books or driving a car.
13.   Advertising on TV or radio never annoys people.

2. Match the notices to their meanings. Fill in the table below:

1)      people are kept informed	a)         захватывающие события
2)      while reading newspapers and magazines	b)        значительное количество ТВ программ
3)      TV set isn't just a piece of furniture	c)         во время чтения газет и журналов
4)      exiting  things	d)        обсуждения и политические вопросы
5)      customs, occupations, opinions, problems	e)         замечательные возможности для образования
6)      a considerable amount of TV programs	f)          различные точки зрения
7)      TV is a great force in the world today	g)         люди информированы
8)      wise heated discussion	h)        поколение становится зависимым
9)      different viewpoints	i)          телевидение даёт нам возможности
10)  wonderful possibilities for education	j)          телевидение – большая сила в мире сегодня
11)   generation is  growing addicted	k)        телевидение обогащает наш интеллект
12)  to ruin  eyesight	l)          телевизор – это не просто предмет мебели
13)  TV enriches our intellect	m)      мудрая жаркая дискуссия
14)  discussions and political issues	n)        обычаи, занятия, мнения, проблемы
15)  TV gives us opportunities	o)         разрушать зрение

1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15

3. Divide the following statements into 2 groups. Fill in the table using alphabet letters:

TV advantages	TV disadvantages
d	e
g	j

              e.g. 

a)       People learn news and views from TV.

b)      TV programs provide useful topics for conversation, wise heated discussions.

c)       TV is doing a lot of harm.

d)      TV gives wonderful possibilities for education

e)       There is a lot of advertising on TV and radio.

f)       Thanks to TV we get a great amount of information.

g)      Nowadays whole generations are growing addicted to the television.

h)      Children sit down watching TV hour after hour.

i)        Children don't do their homework, they don't play in the fresh air, they don't read good books and they ruin their eyesight.

j)         We become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs, discussions and political issues of the day.

k)      We become more cultured people by learning more of the arts from TV.

TV advantages	TV disadvantages

4.Insert the proper words  in the sentences and translate:

·         Each day is ……  (filled/full) with news.

·         …… (TV/newspapers) dominates the life of the family most of the time.

·         Everybody knows what a great ….. (weakness/force) is TV in the world today.

·         We become better informed by watching documentaries,  …….. (fiction/science) programs, discussions and political issues of the day.

·         TV programs are:  News, Current affairs, ………. (Political/Musical) Reviews, Sports Review, Travellers Clubs, Good Night ………. (Adults/ Kids).

·         Some people are against TV, they say that TV is doing a lot of ………… (profit/ harm).

·         People  …………  (used to/ used for)  have hobbies, to meet friends, to go to the cinemas or to the theaters and sporting events, to read books or to listen to the music.

·         The radio is turned on the most of the time, you can do everything listening to the ……… (TV programs/ radio).

·         Advertising promotes business and businessmen but always ……… (please/annoys) general public.

5.Scan the text and find the English equivalents to the following words:

1.       каждый день наполнен	2.       замечательные возможности	3.       расслабиться после тяжелой дневной работы	4.       люди привыкли иметь хобби
5.       во время чтения газет и журналов	6.       ТВ обогащает интеллект	7.       полезные темы для разговоров	8.       целые поколения становятся зависимыми
9.       телевидение доминирует в нашей жизни	10.   документальный фильм	11.   текущие события	12.   радио не вмешивается в вашу жизненную деятельность
13.   просто часть мебели	14.   политические вопросы	15.   современное общество	16.   такие передачи
17.   лучшее изобретение	18.   лучшие актеры, спортивные матчи, знаменитые люди	19.   политические аналитики	20.   много рекламы на ТВ и радио
21.   большое количество информации	22.   обычаи, занятия, мнения	23.   занимает много свободного времени	24.   общественность

6.Answer the questions and make the answers as your retelling.

1.    What is happening every day and everywhere?

2.    When are  people kept informed?

3.    Does TV dominate the life of the family?

4.    When do we become better informed?

5.    What opportunities does TV give?

6.    Is there a great amount of TV programs? What are they?

7.    Why are people against TV?

8.    What don`t children do while watching TV?

9.    Is radio good? Why?

7.* Read the dialogue and translate:

Steve: Hi Jane! Haven`t seen you for ages, how are you?

Jane:  Oh, hi! I am so glad to see you! I`m fine thank you so much! How are you keeping?

Steve: Perfectly, thank`s. Did you hear the last news on TV?

Jane:  Unfortunately not! Frankly speaking I had a vocation and I didn`t watch TV. What`s the matter? What rubric do you mean?

Steve: You can`t even imagine! I mean News and Current affairs. As a matter of fact one well-known politician suddenly died. His name was Mark Neel.

Jane:  You don`t say so!!!! It`s a pity! What`s new in Sports Review?

Steve: Competition on cycling finished 2 days ago. Our team was the best one!

Jane:  Well done!!!

Steve: There is some news in Musical Review. There was the song contest last week; it had lasted for 3 days! It was a brilliant event! So many good songs and music!

Jane:  Oh, I  know! In fact I like to listen to the radio, we heard about this contest on the radio and listened to it!! I fully agree with you! It was really a great pleasure to enjoy it!

Steve: Oh, yeah! Well, I was glad to see you! Have a good time, bye-bye!

Jane:  Thank`s a lot! Remember me to your family! Bye!!!!!

The Present Continuous Tense.

 

REMEMBER!  Глаголы, не имеющие формы длительного времени:

v  Состояние сознания, мышления

Agree - advise - believe - believe in – forget – know – mean – imagine – recognize – suppose – remember – doubt – understand -think

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: глагол think в значении «размышлять» может быть использован в длительном времени.

e.g. What are you thinking about? I`m thinking about my sister.

v  Эмоции и чувства

Dislike – like – hate – prefer – love – want – care – feel – don`t mind - can`t stand

REMEMBER! когда за этими глаголами следуют еще глаголы, к ним добавляются - ing

e.g. I prefer speaking about fashion.

v  Пять чувств

See – smell – taste – hear - feel

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: smell, taste, feel могут употребляться в значении длительного действия.

e.g.  What are you doing? I`m smelling the new perfume. (в процессе действия)

         Where is your brother? He is not feeling well. (в момент речи)

REMEMBER! LOOK AT, LISTEN TO – не относятся к глаголам, не имеющим формы длительного времени.

v  Обладание чем-либо

Have – own - belong

ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЕ: когда за have следует существительное и вместе они выражают действие, глагол может употребляться в длительном времени.

e.g. Where is John? He is having lunch.

v  Другие глаголы, не имеющие формы длительного времени:

Cost (в значении «стоить», а не «подсчитывать», contain – depend – consist of – seem – need - be)

PRACTICE.

1.     Put the following sentences into negative and interrogative form:

	NEGATIVE	INTERROGATIVE
ü  I am cooking  useful dish
ü  We are watching TV
ü  They are playing tennis now
ü  She is translating a difficult article
ü   He is working at his book
ü  Andrew is going to the gym now
ü  The students are playing baseball

2.    Make up the sentences in English:

a.    Человек занят тем, что смотрит политическую программу. (he – watch – political program)

_________________________________________________________________________________

b.    Человек занят тем, что обсуждает новости и текущие события. (she – discuss – News – Current Affairs)

________________________________________________________________________________

c.     Я занят тем, что смотрю музыкальный обзор, но не смотрю спортивные новости. (I – watch – Musical Review – not -  Sport Review)

_________________________________________________________________________________

d.     Двое заняты тем, что слушают по радио музыку. (they – listen to – music – on the radio)

__________________________________________________________________________________

e.     Люди заняты тем, что анализируют социальные проблемы общества. (we – analyze –social – problems – of a society)

__________________________________________________________________________________

3.    Use the correct form of the verb to be:

1.I …… passing a history exam. 2. Bill …… trying to improve the situation. 3. Clare …… writing another article. 4. Mike and Mary …… talking on the phone. 4. It ….. not raining, it …… snowing. 5. What ……. you doing? 6. ……. she cooking a tasty dinner? 7. Ann ….. listening to the music. 8. They ….. travelling in the South of Africa. 9. Why ….. we watching this program? 10. The reporter ….. telling breaking news.

4.    Answer the questions using the given words:

              e.g.  What am I doing with a book? (to read)

                       I am reading a book.

ü What is teacher doing at the lesson? (to explain new rules)

ü What are you doing in the shop? (to buy clothes)

ü Why is not she sleeping? (wait for his call)

ü What are we doing at the railway station? (to meet friends)

ü What is Ann doing with the dress? (to try on)

ü Why are the children making such noise? (to fight)

ü What are the students doing at the seminar? (to discuss a project)

5.    Translate from Russian:

Я слушаю музыку.	Они разговаривают на уроке.	Я согласен.
Мой брат читает интересный журнал.	Я верю в Бога.	Мы сейчас пишем тест по химии.
Мне нравятся шоколадные пирожные.	Я сейчас кушаю шоколадные пирожные.	Мама готовит на кухне.
Они путешествуют сейчас.	Ты слышишь меня?	У нас есть дом.
Мои родители смотрят новости.	Мне не нравятся музыкальные программы.	Я ненавижу врунов.
Я люблю своего брата.	Я смотрю на тебя.	Мы слушаем музыку.

 REMEMBER! Настоящее длительное время используется, когда речь идет о запланированных  человеком на будущее действиях. Выражение to be going to - собираться  часто используется в этих случаях.

6.    Do the quiz. Find out what type of person are you?

Are you a party animal or a home bird?

1. A classmate is having a party on Sunday. What are you going to do?

A.  You`re going to stay in. There is a great film on TV.

B.   You`re going , but you are not crazy about the idea.

C.   You`re definitely going to go. You can`t wait.

2. You`re going to a wedding reception and you don`t know how many people. How  do you feel?

A.    Horrible. You really don`t want to go.

B.     A bit nervous, but you are going to be communicative.

C.     Great! You love meeting new people.

3. Your parents are going away this weekend.

A.    You`re going to rent DVDs and relax at home.

B.     A few friends are coming and you are having a BBQ (barbeque)

C.     You`re going to dance with friends.

4. Your friends call to invite you out for coffee but you`re comfortable on the sofa and tired. What are you going to do?

A.    You`re not moving. You don`t want to go out.

B.     You`re inviting your friends over for coffee at home.

C.     You`re going.

YOUR SCORE:

Mostly As: Just because you like staying in, it does not mean you can`t have company. Share your sofa with friends some time or go out for a cozy meal!

Mostly Bs: You are friendly and popular, but sometimes you just want to stay at home. Good for you! you don`t always have to go out to have a good time!

Mostly Cs: You`re the life and soul of the party and everyone`s best friend. Just be careful not to tire yourself out. Why not relax at home once in a while or invite friends over to your house?

Conversational  topic:  NATURE AND A MAN.

Grammar topic: THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.

Environmental Protection.

Man has  always wanted to make his life easier. He invented machines and mechanisms which have been working and polluting the world we live in.  In fact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with water, timber, minerals, oil, etc. And some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources.

There are many consequences of damaging the environment. One of them is acid rain.  Waste gases cause acid rain, this leads to forest damage and reduces the resources of forestry industry. Another one is water shortage. It comes from abuse of lands in agriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth one is damage to water and soils. The fifth one is damage to wildlife: many species of plants and animals can disappear. The sixth one is the greenhouse effect and global warming — that is, an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans. Global warming can lead to rises in sea levels, and extreme weather events such as floods, droughts, and hurricanes, and global climate change. Lastly, the most serious danger is the result of all these consequences. This is the danger for the life and health of the man.

The territories of the former Sovie

t Union are suffering many environmental problems. Many of these problems have been caused by economic activities. Apart from the effect of the Chernobyl disaster, the worst problem is that with the Aral Sea. Cotton growing in the region has used large amounts of water, and the sea level has fallen, this destroyed fishing and led to a damage in soils, crops, and wildlife. Many forests in the Far East and in the north of European Russia are under threat. A system of dams on the Volga damaged fish.

If we cannot learn to use the environment carefully, very soon we'll have no world to live in. In my opinion, pollution can be stopped or at least reduced by using fuels which are low in pollutants, to use alternative forms of power such as wind power, electricity or solar energy and banning the use of nuclear power. Industry and transport are the most important sources of all chemical pollution of air, water and soil. Banning the use of nuclear power will destroy the danger of radioactive contamination. The most important thing common people could do is to change their attitude towards the environment.

Vocabulary:

to pollute, pollution, contamination	1.       загрязнять, загрязнение
environment	2.       окружающая среда
to relate	3.       связывать
to supply	4.       снабжать
timber	5.       древесина
to damage, damage	6.       повреждать, повреждение
consequence	7.       последствие
acid rain	8.       кислотный дождь
waste gas	9.       выхлопной газ
to cause	10.   причинять
water shortage	11.   нехватка воды
abuse	12.   злоупотребление
species	13.   разновидность
greenhouse effect	14.   парниковый эффект
global warming	15.   глобальное потепление
average temperature	16.   средняя температура
rise in sea level	17.   повышение уровня моря
extreme weather event	18.   экстремальный погодный случай
flood	19.   наводнение
drought	20.   засуха
hurricane	21.   ураган, буря
danger	22.   опасность
disaster	23.   катастрофа
cotton	24.   хлопок
soil	25.   почва
crops	26.   зерновые культуры
threat	27.   угроза
to reduce	28.   сокращать
fuel	29.   топливо
wind power	30.   cила ветра
solar energy	31.   cолнечная энергия
nuclear power	32.   атомная энергия
industry	33.   промышленность
to destroy	34.   разрушать
attitude	35.   отношение

PRACTICE.

1.    Scan the text and find the English equivalents to the following word-combinations:

Сделать жизнь проще	Злоупотребление земли	Чернобыльская катастрофа	Пользоваться заботливо  окружающей средой
Машины и механизмы, которые работали и загрязняли	Многие разновидности растений	Рост хлопка	Топливо, которое не сильно загрязняет
Окружающая среда снабжает	Увеличение средней температуры	Большое количество воды	Ветряная сила, солнечная энергия, атомная энергия
Загрязнение повреждает ресурсы	Атмосфера Земли	Уровень моря	Запрет использования ядерной энергии
Последствие повреждения	Наводнение, засуха, ураган	Дальний восток	Самые важные источники
Повреждение леса	Жизнь и здоровье человека	Система дамб	Радиоактивное загрязнение

2. Circle the odd one out:

a)    Contamination, pollution, abbreviation

b)   average temperature, rise in sea level, abuse of drugs

c)    hurricane, sunshine, flood

d)   nuclear power, wind power, steam power

e)    flow of thoughts, global climate change, damage of the environment

f)     Chernobyl disaster, Aral Sea, Channel

g)    Danger, disaster, solution

3.    Find the hidden words:

W	I	N	D	P	O	W	E	R	K
Y	T	A	R	X	D	P	S	L	S
J	I	P	O	F	L	O	O	D	H
C	M	L	U	V	O	L	Z	A	O
R	B	A	G	A	S	L	O	N	R
O	E	N	H	B	M	U	N	G	T
P	R	T	T	V	Y	T	E	E	A
S	O	F	U	E	L	I	F	R	G
E	A	R	T	H	S	O	I	L	E
T	H	R	E	A	T	N	D	R	A

4.    Spread the following statements into 2 groups, fill in the table:

Consequences of damaging the environment	Reasons of pollution stopping
e.g. flood	e.g.to reduce using fuels which are low in pollutants

To reduce using fuels which are low in pollutants; hurricane; acid rain; water shortage; banning the use of nuclear power; destroying the ozone layer; damage of water and soils; flood; to use alternative forms of power such as wind power, electricity or solar energy; banning the use of nuclear power; damage to wildlife; to change people`s attitude towards the environment;  global warming; droughts.

5.    Match the words, then use them to complete the sentences:

1		1.       damaging	a)      the ozone layer
2		2.       acid	b)      plants
3		3.       abuse of	c)      effect
4		4.       destroying	d)      lands
5		5.       damage of	e)      power
6		6.       species of	f)       the environment
7		7.       greenhouse	g)      water and soil
8		8.       droughts and	h)      rain
9		9.       wind	i)       to live in
10		10.   no world	j)       hurricane

1.    There are many consequences of ……………………...

2.    One of them is ………………, waste gases cause acid rain, this leads to forest damage and reduces the resources of forestry industry.

3.    Another one is water shortage. It comes from …………….. in agriculture.

4.    The third one is ………………… of the Earth through pollution from factories and plants.

5.    The fourth one is damage ……………..

6.    The fifth one is damage to wildlife: many ……………. and animals can disappear.

7.    The sixth one is the………………….. and global warming — that is, an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans.

8.    Global warming can lead to rises in sea levels, and extreme weather events such as floods, ……………….., and global climate change.

9.    We must stop pollution by using fuels which are low in pollutants, to use alternative forms of power such as ………………, electricity or solar energy and banning the use of nuclear power. 

10. If we cannot learn to use the environment carefully, very soon we'll have …………….

The Past Continuous Tense.

 

             REMEMBER! Прошедшее длительное употребляется  для выражения действия, протекавшего в указанный момент в прошлом.

1.    Translate the following:

v It was raining yesterday at 5 a.m.

v She was cooking a wonderful fish pie at noon.

v We were doing grammar exercises the day before yesterday from 12 till 2 o`clock.

v Two days ago at this time I was lying on the beach in the sun.

v What were you doing at that moment?

v They were not watching that film yesterday in the evening.

2.    Make the sentences negative ant interrogative:

a)    We were writing the test in English at 2 o`clock yesterday.

b)    Bob was working in the garden at noon 2 days ago.

c)    Kate and Mark were travelling the whole June last summer.

d)    I was cooking yesterday the whole evening.

e)    They were drawing last week from 2 till 6 p.m.

f)     My friends were repairing their car early in the morning.

 

      REMEMBER! Прошедшее длительное употребляется  для выражения действия, протекавшего с другим прошедшим действием, выраженным глаголом в Past Simple:

3.    Translate the following:

v When I came my parents were having tea.

v He was doing his hometask when I entered the room.

v They were playing  computer games when mother came.

v Was I reading when you returned?

v Children were not sleeping when the storm started.

v Were you translating articles when the teacher called you?

        REMEMBER! иногда сама форма Continuous употребляется в придаточном предложении, когда длительное действие служит лишь фоном для главного события. Обычно в таких случаях употребляются союзы: when когда, while пока, в то время как, as пока, когда, just as как раз:

4.    Translate the following:

v While we were driving from Rome to Milan, our bus broke down.

v When I was cooking, my younger brother fell asleep.

v As we were writing a dictation, another students passed a credit.

v While you were reading a book, I washed the dishes.

v As Ann was learning English, her friends watched the film.

v As I was coming here, I met your sister.

 

REMEMBER! Также форма Continuous употребляется в обоих придаточных и главных предложениях, так протекают одновременно:

5.    Translate the following:

v While he was speaking to the teacher I was waiting for him.

v We were doing exercises while she was watching at us.

v They were painting the walls while I was resting.

v While mother was sweeping the floor I was washing up.

v While her sister was feeding dogs she was tiding up the house .

v Our friends were having dinner, while I was sleeping.

6.    Translate into English:

1.    Мы сдавали экзамен вчера в 5 часов.

2.    Он работал на даче позавчера с утра и до вечера.

3.    Вы писали тест по математике вчера на 2 паре?

4.    Когда мы вошли в дом, кто-то шумел в зале.

5.    Когда я увидел вас, вы переходили улицу.

6.    Когда мы ехали в автобусе, я увидел своего давнего друга.

7.    Мама приготовила ужин, пока я делал уроки.

8.    Я отправляла почту по интернету, пока мой младший брат играл с игрушками.

9.    Они собирали грибы, пока мы с родителями добирались до места.

MODULE 5 (UNITS 9,10,11)

 

Conversational  topic:  EDUCATION ABROAD.

Grammar topic: THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.

Education in Great Britain.

Twelve million children attend about 40.000 schools in Britain. Education in Great Britain is compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16. There are many children who attend a nursery school from the age of 3, but it is not compulsory. In nursery schools they learn some elementary things such as numbers, colours, and letters. Apart from that, babies play, have lunch and sleep there. Whatever  they do, there is always someone keeping an eye on them.

Compulsory education begins at the age of 5 when children go to primary school. Primary education lasts for 6 years. It is divided into two periods: infant schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years old). In infant schools children don't have real classes. They mostly play and learn through playing. It is the time when children just get acquainted with the classroom, the blackboard, desks and the teacher. But when pupils are 7, real studying begins. They don't already play so much as they did it in infant school. Now they have real classes, when they sit at desks, read, write and answer the teacher's questions.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms: a form to each year. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign language and have lessons of Physical training. Religious education is also provided. English, Mathematics and Science are called "core" subjects. At the age of  7, 11 and  14 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.

After five years of secondary education, at the age of 16, pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination. When they are in the third or in the forth form, they begin to choose their exam subjects and prepare for them.

After finishing the fifth form pupils can make their choice: they may either leave school and go to a Further Education College or continue their education in the sixth form. Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A' (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which are necessary to get a place at one of British universities.

After leaving secondary school young people can apply to a university, a polytechnic or a college of further education. There are 126 universities in Britain. The best universities are The University of Oxford, The University of Cambridge, London School of Economics, London Imperial College, London University College.

After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering. Many students then continue their studies for a Master's Degree and then a Doctor's Degree (PhD).

Vocabulary:

1.      compulsory	1.      обязательный
2.      free	2.      бесплатный
3.      nursery school	3.      детский сад
4.      to keep an eye on smb.	4.      присматривать за кем-либо
5.      primary school	5.      начальная школа
6.      infant school	6.      младшая школа
7.      junior school	7.      начальная школа
8.      to get acquainted	8.      познакомиться
9.      to divide	9.      делить
10.   “core” subjects	10.   основные предметы
11.   choice	11.   выбор
12.   ether …or	12.   или ….. или
13.   to apply	13.   поступать
14.   further	14.   дальнейшее
15.   a graduate	15.   выпускник
16.   degree of Bachelor	16.   степень бакалавра
17.   master`s Degree	17.   степень магистра
18.   doctor`s Degree	18.   доктор наук
19.   to select	19.   выбирать

PRACTICE:

1.    Find in the opinions  the ideas to say whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). If it is wrong correct it.

2.     Education in Great Britain is compulsory and not free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16.
3.     In nursery schools they learn some elementary things such as numbers, colours, and letters.
4.     Compulsory education begins at the age of 6 when children go to primary school.
5.     It is divided into two periods: infant schools (pupils from 5 to 7 years old) and junior schools (pupils from 7 to 11 years old).
6.     In infant schools children mostly play and learn through playing.
7.     Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 10 years.
8.     Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign language and have lessons of Physical training.
9.     After 10 years of secondary education, at the age of 16, pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination.
10.     Those who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A' (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three subjects which is necessary to get a place at one of British universities.
11.     There are 300 universities in Britain.
12.     After three years of study a university graduate gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering.

2.    Match the two columns:

1.     Education in Great Britain	A.     Поступать в университет
2.     a nursery school	B.     Доска, парты
3.     numbers, colours, and letters.	C.     Читать, писать и отвечать на вопросы учителя
4.     compulsory education	D.     Младшая школа
5.     infant schools	E.     Выбирать свои экзаменационные предметы
6.     junior schools	F.      Обязательное образование
7.     the blackboard, desks	G.     Наука и строительство
8.      To read, write and answer the teacher's questions.	H.     Образование в Великобритании
9.     "core" subjects.	I.       Детский сад
10. to choose their exam subjects	J.       начальная школа
11. to apply to a university	K.     Степень бакалавра
12. degree of a Bachelor of Arts	L.     Главные предметы
13. science and Engineering	M.   Числа, цвета и буквы

3.  Fill in the gaps and translate:

 

1.    Twelve million …………. attend about 40.000 schools in Britain.

2.    Education in Great Britain is ………… and ………….. for all children between the ages of 5 and 16.

3.    There are many children who attend a ……………. from the age of 3.

4.    Primary …………. lasts for 6 years.

5.    In infant schools children don't have ……… classes.

6.    Secondary school is traditionally ………….. into 5 forms.

7.    At the age of  7, 11 and  14 pupils take ……………..  in the core subjects.

8.    At the age of 16, pupils take the …………………………………...

9.    Those pupils who stay at school after GCSE, study for 2 more years for "A' (Advanced) Level Exams in two or three …………………… which is necessary to get a place at one of British universities.

10. After three years of study a university …………. gets the Degree of a Bachelor of Arts, Science or Engineering.

4.  Scan the text and find the English equivalents to the following words:

1.    12 миллионов детей посещают	2.    образование обязательное и бесплатное	3.     детский садик с трехлетнего возраста	4.     числа, цвета, буквы	5.     обязательное образование
6.    начальное образование длится 6 лет	7.    младшая и начальная школа	8.     дети просто знакомятся с кабинетом	9.      средняя школа традиционно делится	10.  английский, математика  -основные предметы
11.  они начинают выбирать и готовиться к своим экзаменам	12. ученики могут делать свой выбор	13.  дальнейшее образование в колледже	14.  экзамены продвинутого уровня	15.  поступать в университет
16. выпускник  получает степень Бакалавра	17. степень Магистра	18.  степень Доктора наук

5.  a) Find the synonyms:       

children	A school for the beginners
compulsory	A lesson
An Infant school	kids
A subject	graduating school
to study	obligatory
leaving school	to learn

 b) Find the antonyms:

A baby	Russian
A state school	A grown-up
English	A secondary education
A primary education	A private school
Advanced level	A beginner
A graduate	A primary level

6. Answer the questions and make it as your retelling:

1.    Is  education in Great Britain compulsory and free for all children between the ages of 5 and 16?

2.    At what age do children attend nursery school?

3.    What do they learn in nursery school?

4.    When does compulsory education begin?

5.    Into what periods  is primary school divided?

6.    What do children in infant school?

7.    At what age does secondary education begin?

8.    What do children study  in a secondary school?

9.    When do pupils take the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) examination?

10. What choice do the pupils have  after finishing the 5 –th form?

11. Can young people apply to a university after leaving secondary school can?

12. What are the best Universities in great Britain?

 The Future Continuous Tense.

PRACTICE:

1.         Put the verbs in brackets in Future Continuous Tense:

a)         At this time tomorrow we (to have) an English class.

b)        At this time the day after tomorrow we (to swim) in the Black Sea.

c)         Don`t go away. We (to have) tea in a few minutes.

d)        She (not to pass) exams at 12 p.m. tomorrow.

e)         When my parents come I (to cook) supper.

f)         You (to write) test tomorrow at noon?

g)        Ann (to look) for a job next Friday from 9 till 6 o’clock.

h)        Jack (to take part) in a competition from Monday till Friday?

2.         Match the two columns:

1.         I will be studying in the library	a)        My daughter will be washing up
2.         They will be flying over the ocean	b)        at 3 p.m.
3.         tomorrow evening.	c)         at the moment
4.         At 9 p.m. in the evening	d)        Mr. Walker will be watching the football match
5.         from 12 till 5 tomorrow	e)         tomorrow the whole day.
6.         She will be talking to the boss	f)         It will be raining
7.         The students will be listening to the lectures	g)        tomorrow after the business meeting.

3.    Put the sentences into negative and interrogative form:

Positive	Negative	Interrogative
1.           He will be going to the meeting at this time tomorrow.
2.           Mary will be doing this work from 10 till 12 o`clock.
3.           Father will be watching football this evening.
4.           It will be snowing tomorrow the whole day.
5.           The teacher will be explaining the new rule at 2 o`clock.

4.    Answer the questions using F.C.:

1.    What will you be doing tomorrow at noon? (to study at the library)

2.    Where will she be tomorrow at this time? (to drive a car in a country)

3.    Can I see you next Monday at 2 p.m? (no, I work at this time)

4.    What will you be doing at the cinema this evening? (to watch the new film with my friends)

5.    May I come to your relatives tomorrow at 5 o`clock? (yes, they to play golf)

6.    Will they be translating this article from 12 o`clock? (yes, they to translate this article from 12)

5.    Find the ending of the sentences:

Reading a book; cooking tasty dinner;  doing during;  watching TV at this time; writing; coming back home;  washing the dishes

1.      We will be ………….

2.      They will be ……….. in the kitchen.

3.      Mother will be ………. when we come.

4.      Will you be ………..  the  French lesson?

5.      What will the students be ………… at the seminar in math’s?

6.       She will not be ……… when we come.

7.      At what time will you be …….. from the theatre?

6.    Translate from Russian:

1.    Мы будем сдавать зачет завтра с 2 до 3.

2.    Я не буду ждать тебя завтра в 5, я буду занята.

3.    Вы будите готовиться к экзаменам в полдень?

4.    Маша не будет давать концерт завтра в 10.

5.    Я не буду учиться в институте в это время.

6.    Они будут отдыхать на море следующим летом в это время?

Conversational  topic: CULTURAL TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS, HOLIDAYS.

Grammar topic: THE PRESENT AND  THE PAST PERFECT TENSE.

Russian Cuisine

To my mind, delicious food is one of the greatest pleasures in our life.  However, first of all I'd like to share some secrets of typical Russian cuisine with you.

Russian cuisine is indeed original. It reflects a certain way of life. Russian people usually have meals three times a day. In the morning they have breakfast, in the afternoon — dinner and in the evening it's time for supper.

Let us start with breakfast. This meal doesn't usually take much time to prepare, due to the fact that people, as a rule, are in a hurry for work, school or somewhere else. It may include just sandwiches, fried or scrambled eggs, corn flakes or muesli and various kinds of porridges. It can be cream, wheat, oatmeal porridge, rice or buckwheat porridge. It is more common for Russian people to drink black tea with jam or honey but there are ones who prefer coffee in the morning.

Have you ever tried traditional Russian sirniki? I'm sure, if you live in Russia, at least once in your life your grandmother or mother prepared them for you. Nothing can be compared with sirniki, made of fresh village cottage cheese and fried on a pan. They are usually served with sour cream and sugar. Perhaps, the only dish which is as delicious as sirniki is blini or pancakes.  Blini are served rolled with a variety of fillings but the most delicious ones are pancakes with jam, honey and sour cream.

A traditional Russian dinner consists of three courses. It is the main meal of the day. First of all snacks are served. It can be caviar, herring, salt cucumbers and sauerkraut. All these salt dishes are served in order to excite the appetite. In general Russian cuisine is famous for its pickles.

Then comes the first course — soup. There is a great variety of different soups in Russia but the most famous is "borsch". Shchi, rassolnik, shchaveleviy soup and cold soup — okroshka are also cooked in Russia. Of course, it is not the whole list of traditional Russian soups, but these are the most popular ones.

After the soup the second course follows. It usually includes meat or fish and garnish. The Russians prefer freshwater fish like carp and pike. As for meat, it may be pork, beef, veal, lamb, turkey or chicken. The most famous meat dishes in Russia are zharkoye (stewed beef with potatoes, onions, carrots and garlic seasoned with salt and pepper), beef Stroganoff (the dish consists of pieces of beef served in a sauce with sour cream) and cutlets (the dish made of minced meat). The main course is usually served with garnish — mashed, baked or fried potatoes, pasta or vegetables. Russian people often eat pelmeni (meat dumplings) for the second course. Pelmeni are often cooked by the whole family.

The Russians eat everything with bread but sometimes pies are served instead of bread. These pies may be stuffed with various fillings: fish, spring onions and eggs, meat, chicken, potatoes and mushrooms. Sweet pies are served for tea. They are usually stuffed with different fresh berries or jam. Every housewife has her own cooking secret.

As for the third course, it is usually a drink — compote, kissel or mors. In old Russia there existed another popular drink — Medovukha which is derived from the word "honey" (in Russian it sounds as "mjod"). .

Supper is the longest meal of the day, since it is time when the whole family can gather at one table and discuss some news. Russian people usually have a substantial meal for supper. It may be fried potatoes, potatoes in their skin with herring, fried fish or chicken. But there are also people who prefer light supper such as cottage cheese with sugar or milk and jam, an apple cake called "sharlotka", or a potato cake, or some vegetables.

Russian cuisine is famous for its natural products. Russian people are fond of gathering, drying and using mushrooms and all kinds of forest berries in their dishes.

In my opinion, Russian cuisine is one of the most varied and delicious in the world but tastes differ. As far as I know, people from other countries consider Russian people heavy eaters not only because of the amount of food we eat per day, but also due to its fat content. Anyway, if you are not keen on Russian cuisine, it is up to you to choose any other food.

 Vocabulary:

1.         Delicious  food	изысканная еда
2.         pleasure	удовольствие
3.         cuisine	кухня
4.         to reflect	отражать
5.         meal	трапеза
6.         due to	благодаря
7.         to be in a hurry	спешить
8.         fried  eggs	жареные яйца
9.         scrambled eggs	омлет
10.     porridge	каша
11.     to compare	сравнивать
12.     pan	сковорода
13.     to serve	обслуживать, сервировать
14.     sour cream	сметана
15.     sugar	сахар
16.     pancakes (blini)	блины
17.     filling	начинка
18.     honey	мед
19.     course	блюдо
20.     snack	закуска, перекус
21.     caviar	икра
22.     herring	сельдь
23.     salt cucumbers	соленые огурцы
24.     sauerkraut	квашеная капуста
25.     to excite the appetite.	возбуждать аппетит
26.     pickles	соленья
27.     to include	включать
28.     garnish	гарнир
29.     freshwater fish	пресноводная рыба
30.     pike	щука
31.     pork	свинина
1.         beef	говядина
2.         veal	телятина
3.         lamb	баранина
4.         turkey	индейка
5.         stewed	тушеный
6.         onion	лук
7.         spring onion	зеленый лук
8.         carrot	морковь
9.         garlic	чеснок
10.     seasoned	приправленный
11.     salt and pepper	соль и перец
12.     minced meat	фарш
13.     mashed, baked or fried potatoes	пюре, запечённый и жареный картофель
14.     potatoes in their skin	картошка в мундире
15.     meat dumplings, pelmeni	пельмени
16.     bread	хлеб
17.     pie	пирог
18.     to stuff	наполнять
19.     mushrooms	грибы
20.     berry	ягода
21.     To derive	происходить
22.     dessert [di`ze:t]	десерт
23.     ice-cream	мороженое
24.     baked apples	запеченные яблоки
25.     substantial meal	основательная трапеза
26.     cottage cheese	творог
27.     To depend	зависеть
28.     person's preference	предпочтение человека
29.     heavy eater	человек, предпочитающий тяжелую еду
30.     fat content	жирность пищи
31.     to be keen	быть заинтересованным
32.     it is up to you	вам решать

PRACTICE.

1.    Complete the sentences from the text and translate:

a)         Delicious food is one of the greatest …………………..

b)        Russian people usually have meals ……………………

c)         Breakfast may include just …………………

d)        Porridge can be ……………….

e)         A traditional Russian dinner consists of ……………………..

f)         Snacks are ………………………..

g)        There is a great variety of different soups in Russia but ………………………

h)        Second course usually includes ……………………………

i)      As for meat, it may be ………………………..

j)      The Russians eat everything with bread but sometimes …………………….

k)        Supper is the longest meal of the day, since it is time when ……………………..

l)      It may be ……………………

m)      Russian people are fond of gathering …………………..

2.    Match the two columns:

delicious food	a)      Жареные яйца и омлет
the greatest pleasure	b)     гарнир
people, as a rule, are in a hurry for work	c)      Свинина, говядина, телятина, баранина, индейка и курица
fried or scrambled eggs	d)     Секреты приготовления
corn flakes or muesli	e)      Изысканная еда
oatmeal porridge	f)       Если вы не заинтересованы
to excite the appetite	g)      Квашеная капуста
fresh village cottage cheese	h)     Вкусы отличаются
sauerkraut	i)       Главная трапеза
buckwheat porridge	j)       Основательная трапеза на ужин
a great variety of different soups	k)     Самое большое удовольствие
main meal	l)       Люди, как правило, спешат на работу
pies may be stuffed with various fillings	m)   Сбор, высушивание  и использование грибов и всех видов ягод в  блюдах
«Medovukha» is derived from the word "honey"	n)     Кукурузные хлопья и мюсли
garnish	o)      овсянка
a substantial meal for supper	p)     Свежий деревенский творог
pork, beef, veal, lamb, turkey or chicken	q)     «Медовуха» произошла от слова «мед»
cooking secret	r)      Гречневая каша
gathering, drying and using mushrooms and all kinds of forest berries in  dishes	s)      Большое количество различных супов
tastes differ	t)       Возбуждать аппетит
heavy eaters	u)     Пироги могут быть наполнены различными начинками
if you are not keen	v)      Тяжелые едоки

3.    Choose the correct word:

·      Breakfast/dinner doesn't usually take much time to prepare, due to the fact that people, as a rule, are in a hurry for work, school or somewhere else.

·      It is more common for Russian people to drink black tea/green tea with jam or honey.

·      Sirniki, made of fresh village cottage cheese and fried on a pan/grill.

·      Blini are served rolled with a variety of fillings but the most delicious/not tasty ones are pancakes with jam, honey and sour cream.

·      The main course is usually served with garnish — mashed, baked or fried potatoes/cucumbers, pasta or vegetables.

·      Supper/breakfast is the longest meal of the day, since it is time when the whole family can gather at one table and discuss some news.

·      Russian/English people are fond of gathering, drying and using mushrooms and all kinds of forest berries in their dishes.

·      Russian cuisine/traditions is one of the most varied and delicious in the world but tastes differ.

4.    Spread the following words in groups:

Snacks	Main course	Garnish	Dessert	Breakfast meal

A sandwich, mashed potatoes, eggs      and spring onions pies, honey,  a turkey or chicken,  fried or scrambled eggs, fried fish, veal, corn flakes or muesli,  cream porridge,  caviar,  pork, lamb, zharkoye , baked or fried potatoes, pasta, coffee,  buckwheat porridge, herring, pelmeni, juice,  meat, chicken, potatoes and mushrooms pies, fried potatoes, wheat porridge,  potatoes in their skin with herring, fried fish or chicken, rice,  cottage cheese, cucumbers and sauerkraut,  oatmeal porridge, beef Stroganoff, vegetables,  beef, cutlets,  jam, tea,  pancakes.

5.    a) Scan the text and give English equivalents:

 

b) Circle the odd word out.

1. bread, salt, onion, dress

2. beef, pork, swine, lamb,

3. carrot, milk, potato, onion,

4. tea, coffee, water, fuel

5. dinner, snack, supper, lobster

6. honey, garlic, chocolate, ice-cream

7. pelmeni, shchi, rassolnik, shchaveleviy soup

c)  Translate the following sentences into English and make it as your retelling:

1. На мой взгляд,  изысканная еда является одним из самых больших удовольствий в нашей жизни.

2. Русские, как правило, питаются три раза в день.

3. Завтрак обычно не занимает много времени,  в связи с тем, что люди, как правило, спешат на работу, в школу или в другое место.

4. Завтрак может включать просто бутерброды, жареные яйца или омлет, хлопья или мюсли и различные виды каш. Это может быть манная каша, овсяная каша, рисовая или гречневая каша.

5. Традиционный русский обед состоит из трех блюд. Прежде всего это закуски. Это может быть икра, сельдь, соленые огурцы и квашеная капуста.
6. Затем идет первое блюдо  - суп. Это может быть  "борщ", щи, рассольник, суп и щавелевый суп,  окрошка.
7. Второе блюдо  обычно включает мясо или рыбу и гарнир. Россияне предпочитают пресноводную рыбу,  карп и щука. Что касается мяса, это может быть свинина, говядина, телятина, баранина, индейка или курица.

8. Основное блюдо обычно подают с гарниром - пюре, запеченный  или жареный картофель, макароны или овощи.

8. Что касается третьего блюда, как правило, это напиток - компот, кисель или морс.

9.  Русские обычно обстоятельно ужинают. Это может быть жареная картошка, картошка в мундире с селедкой, жареная рыба или курица.

6. А) Label the pictures:

           

1.  F……….. e…………                         2. P………………………..           3. C………………….

                          

7. P……………………………..                  5. B……………….                6. C……………………….

                  

   7. T ………………………..      8. F……………….. p…………..          9. M……………..p………………

B) Match the items and  the pictures and fill in the table:

                       

                               1                                                           2                                                                   3

       

                                                                                                                                                 6

                     4                                                          5

1	2	3	4	5	6

                                  A) Mushrooms -  B) Berries  - C) Garlic – D) Baked apples – E) Bread

                                                                             F)- Spring onion

The Present Perfect Tense.

PRACTICE.

 

         REMEMBER!

Настоящее совершенное время употребляется во-первых для констатации факта совершения действия, без указания времени.

1.    A) Translate the following word-combinations:

Ø have served the guests

Ø have tasted  new  dishes

Ø have cooked mashed potatoes

Ø have finished breakfast

Ø have decided to leave the city

Ø have finished  to cook delicious dinner

Ø have changed his behavior

Ø have offered her his help

Ø have made a mistake

Ø have returned home

Ø have had dinner

   B)  Put in the right auxiliary verb and translate:

Ø The children …….. eaten their breakfast in a nursery school.

Ø Jane ….. written a receipt.

Ø Bob and Mary ….. cooked an apple pie.

Ø  The waiter ….. served the table.

Ø Megan …… tasted strawberry ice-cream.

Ø We ……. fried potatoes for supper.

Ø Mother ……. boiled meat for the main course.

C) Make the sentences negative and interrogative:

	Negative	Interrogative
My mom has cooked fried eggs, sandwiches and coffee for breakfast.
Mark has finished serving.
We have prepared everything for his birthday party.
Waiters have laid down the tables.
They have had their dinner.
Mary has poured tea occasionally.

         REMEMBER!

Настоящее совершенное время употребляется  с указанным периодом времени, который еще не закончился (e.g. this week, month, year , today and etc.)

2.    Put the verb in Preset Perfect Tense and translate:

a.     Patrick  (to apply)  to a college this year.

b.    Many students (to attend) a lecture  today.

c.     Mr. Stone (to write) a wonderful article in a Science magazine this month.

d.    Megan (to prepare) an interesting report in Mathematics this week.

e.     My elder brother (to graduate) Medical college this summer.

f.     Phil  (to find)  a good  job  today.

 

         REMEMBER!

  Настоящее совершенное время употребляется  cнаречиями неопределенного времени (e.g. never, ever, just,  already, yet and etc.)

3.    Translate the following sentences:

a.     We have done our task already.

b.    Have you ever been to Paris?

c.     We have not  tasted this delicious dish yet.

d.    I have not seen you for ages.

e.     Mr. Tomson has started his work already.

f.     Caroline has just  baked a chocolate pie.

g.    She has not eaten yet.

h.    Mom has never been  inthis expensive restaurant.

i.      Has Annever grilled meat?

          REMEMBER!

         Настоящее совершенное время употребляется  c обстоятельствами времени, указывающими на период, в течение которого происходило или могло происходить действие, начиная с какого-то момента в прошлом и до настоящего. (e.g.  lately, for a long time, so far, up to now, for the past 2 hours, since, for and etc.)

4.    Translate the sentences from English:

1.    I have washed dishes for the past 2 hours.

2.    She has known me for a long time.

3.    The teacher has explained the new rules up to now.

4.    My parents have met since school years.

5.    I have learned a poem so far.

6.    We have cooked BBQ (barbeque)  since morning.

7.    I have not seen him since childhood.

8.    Have you been in Spain lately?

9.    Has her aunt seen this new film about war in France?

            

         REMEMBER!

Запомните следующие выражения:

I have never been to France. – я никогда не был в Париже.

Have you ever been to London? - Вы когда-нибудь были в Лондоне?

I have not seen you for ages. – Я не видел тебя целую вечность.

I have not been to Paris since last year. – Я не был в Париже с прошлого года.

5. Match the 2 columns:

a)      Мы никогда не были в театре.	1.       Our grandfather have not read newspapers for ages.
b)      Я не видел его с прошлого года.	2.       My parents have never been to Europe.
c)      Мои родители никогда не были в Европе.	3.       This cock has not cooked since last summer.
d)      Вы когда-нибудь пробовали этот торт?	4.       I have not seen him since last year.
e)      Вы когда-нибудь видели этот фильм?	5.       We have never been to theatre.
f)       Этот  повар не готовил с прошлого лета.	6.       Have you ever tasted this cake?
g)      Маша никогда не пекла блины.	7.       We have not seen you for ages.
h)      Мы не видели вас целую вечность.	8.       I have not eaten sweets for ages.
i)       Наш дедушка не читал газет целую вечность.	9.       Have you ever seen this film?
j)       Я не ела сладости целую вечность.	10.   Masha has never baked for ages.

6.    Translate from Russian:

1.    Мы купили новый дом недавно.

2.    Вы когда-нибудь ели омаров? (a lobster)

3.    Я только что выпил чашечку кофе.

4.    Майк никогда не был в опере.

5.    Сюзан еще не прочитала этот роман.

6.    Мы не были за городом с прошлого лета.

7.     Ник и Кейт знают друг друга с детского сада.

8.    Мы успешно сдали экзамены на этой неделе.

9.    Ты видел его сегодня?

10. Вы когда-нибудь были в Мадриде?

11. Аня никогда не встречала таких интересных людей.

The Past Perfect Tense.

 

      REMEMBER!     Прошедшее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончилось к определенному моменту в прошлом.

1.    Put the verbs in the Past Perfect and translate:

1)    Professor Benton (to finish) the operation by 3 o’clock.

2)    The birds (to fly) before winter.

3)    Mother  (to cook) dinner before we came.

4)    We (to read) E. Hemingway by the beginning of the semester. 

5)    They (to eat) their breakfast by 8 `o’clock.

6)    By the time we came she (to translate) this difficult text.

7)    I (to cook) a potato pie by dinner time.

2.    Make the sentences negative:

1)    I had written a letter by 7 o`clock yesterday.

2)    I had finished my work when you came.

3)    Pete had completed his work by 4 o`clock.

4)    Diana had changed her mind by the end of the evening.

5)    The guests had eaten everything by the end of the party.

6)    My elder sister had fried wonderful scrambled eggs by the time we got up.

7)    By 5 p.m. we had tidied up our flat totally.

3.    Make the sentences interrogative:

1)    Mike had taken all exams by May.

2)    Mary had drunk her tea by the time we came.

3)    Mrs. Stone had written a successful novel by the beginning of summer.

4)    Sarah had translated the article by the beginning of a lesson.

5)    We had prepared a present for our teacher by her birthday yesterday.

6)    Ann had left home by 1 o`clock.

7)    They had bought a house by last September.

4.    Match the 2 columns:

1.    Grandmother had baked honey pancakes by breakfast yesterday.	a)    Сестра вымыла посуду ко времени, когда вернулись наши родители.
2.    Sister had washed dishes by the time our parents came.	b)   Папа закончил ремонтировать свой автомобиль к 8 часам вечера?
3.    I had boiled potatoes before we began to cook main course.	c)    Мы не просмотрели этот фильм ужасов, до их прихода из ресторана.
4.    Megan had served the table before her relatives came to a  party.	d)   Анна закончила стирать к 3 часам вчера.
5.    Ann had finished washing up by 3 p.m. yesterday.	e)    Меган накрыла на стол  перед тем, как ее родственники пришли на вечеринку.
6.    We had not watched this horror film, before they returned from a restaurant.	f)     Я сварил картошку перед тем, как мы начали готовить главное блюдо.
7.    Had father finished to repair his car by 8 p.m.?	g)    Бабушка испекла медовые блины вчера к завтраку.

5.    Choose the right tense:  the Preset Perfect or  the Past Perfect:

a.     My father (to work) at the railway station since 1998.

b.    We (not to see) our English teacher for the past 2 hours.

c.     They (to eat) their breakfast by 8 `o’clock yesterday.

d.    She  (to know) me for a long time.

e.     You ever (to visit) Italy?

f.     I  (not  to  taste) this delicious dish yet.

g.    Boys (to run) the distance before the clock struck 12 o`clock.

h.    We (not to finish) to write the composition before the bell.

i.      Many students (to attend) a History seminar  today.

j.      We  (to do ) our task already?

6.    Translate the following sentences from Russian into English:

a)    Студенты закончили писать контрольную к концу пары.

b)    Мы не прочитали текст к 12 часам вчера.

c)    На прошлой неделе к  2 часам дня мы переехали в новую квартиру.

d)    Мама не приготовила обед к часу, она приготовила обед к 2 часам дня.

e)    Вы попали (to get in) на концерт к началу?

f)     Вы нашли необходимую(necessary) информацию к началу конференции?

g)    Мои  друзья не прибрали(to tidy up) комнаты к их прибытию.

Conversational  topic:  PROFESSIONAL SCILLS.

Grammar topic: THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

My future profession is connected with the railroad.

Railroad is a complex transport company, which has all the technical means for transportation of passenger and freight traffic. An important part of the railway is a complex system of technical support of a rolling stock, because without this the uninterrupted movement of trains is impossible.
The world's first steam locomotive was invented and built in 1803 by an English mining engineer Richard Trevikom. In 1825, George Stephenson built the world's first public railway with steam traction between the cities of Stockton and Darlington in England.

Russia's first public railway length of 27 kilometers was built in 1837 between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo. It served for both business and pleasure trips, and the king did not have much economic impact. 

Railwayman is the name of a railway employee or a railway worker. Railway transport is engaged in transportation of goods and passengers. There are railway professions as a locomotive driver, a mechanical signaling, a lineman, a duty officer at the station, a tracklayer,  a train dispatcher, a conductor, a rolling stock mechanic, a logistic manager and etc.
             Work on the railway is quite diverse - from hard labor for repair and railway laying down to a highly skilled driver, an employee of Railways Ministry, and even the head of the train station. All specialties are paid in different ways, and the higher the skill level and the level of professional knowledge, the higher the salary. Railroad employees have free travel on trains.
             Work on the railway is at any time and under any weather conditions. Railroad work in any field is extremely responsible, as it is related to the safety of a large number of people who have chosen railway as a means of transportation. To avoid traffic disruption and damage to vehicles, you have to be careful, vigilant, and above all responsible. Communication with a large number of passengers requires from certain employees  communication, goodwill and stress.

Vocabulary:

railroad, railway	железная дорога
freight	грузовой
traffic	движение
company	предприятие
support	поддержка
rolling stock	подвижной состав
uninterrupted movement	непрерывное движение
impossible	невозможный
steam locomotive	паровоз
to invent	изобретать
to build	строить
mining engineer	горный инженер
public railway	ж.д. общего пользования
traction	тяга
impact	значение
employee	служащий
to be engaged in -	быть вовлеченным
goods	товары
a locomotive driver	машинист
a mechanical signaling	механик СЦБ
a lineman	обходчик
a logistic manager	логист
a train dispatcher	поездной диспетчер
tracklayer	путеукладчик
a conductor	проводник
a rolling stock mechanic	слесарь подвижного состава
a duty officer at the station,	дежурный по станции
hard labor for repair	тяжелый труд по ремонту
laying down	укладка
highly skilled	высококвалифицированный
an employee of Railways Ministry	сотрудник ведомства РЖД
specialty	специальность
level	уровень
salary	заработная плата
field	поле деятельности, область, сфера
extremely	чрезвычайно
responsible	ответственный
safety	безопасность
to avoid	избегать
disruption	нарушение
damage	повреждение
vehicle	транспортное средство
careful	внимательный
vigilant	бдительный
to require	требовать
goodwill	доброжелательность
stress	стрессоустойчивость

PRACTICE.

1.         Find the English equivalents in the text:

v сложное транспортное предприятие;	v паровоз;	v начальник ж.д. станции;	v доброжелатель-ность и стрессоустой-чивость;	v слесарь подвижно-го состава;
v технические средства перевозок;	v паровая  тяга;	v уровень умений;	v машинист;	v дежурный по станции;
v пассажирское и грузовое движение;	v ж.д. служащий;	v бесплатный проезд;	v логист;	v поездной диспетчер
v техническая поддержка;	v перевозка товаров;	v погодные условия;	v проводник;
v подвижной состав;	v тяжелый труд;	v чрезвычайно ответствен-ный;	v обходчик;
v непрерывное движение;	v укладка железной дороги;	v чтобы избежать нарушение;	v механик СЦБ;

2.         Complete the sentences and translate:

a)        Railroad has all the technical means for transportation of …………. and ………… traffic.

b)        The …………………. was invented and built in 1803 by an English mining engineer Richard Trevikom.

c)         In 1825, George Stephenson built the world's first public railway with …………… traction.

d)        Russia's first public railway  was built in 1837 between ………….. and ………………...

e)         ………………… is the name of a railway employee or a railway worker.

f)         There are railway …………… as a locomotive driver, a mechanical signaling, a lineman, a duty officer at the station, a train dispatcher, a conductor, a rolling stock mechanic, a logistic manager and etc.

g)         All specialties are ……….. in different ways, and the higher the skill level,  the ……….. the salary.

h)        To avoid traffic …………….. and damage to vehicles, you have to be careful, vigilant, and above all responsible.

3.         Underline the correct adjectives:

§   Railroad is a complex/simple transport company.

§   An important/insignificant part of the railway is a complex system of technical support of a rolling stock.

§   Russia's first private/public railway  was built in 1837 between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.

§   Sea/railway transport is engaged in transportation of goods and passengers.

§   Work on the railway is quite diverse/monotonous.

§   The higher the skill level and the level of professional knowledge, the lower/higher the salary.

§   Communication with a large number of passengers requires from certain/all employees  communication, goodwill and stress.

4. Find the hidden words:

T	R	A	F	F	I	C	A	E	W
S	U	P	P	O	R	T	L	T	H
P	A	S	S	E	N	G	E	R	K
R	S	Y	S	T	E	M	V	A	Y
A	Z	M	G	C	V	J	E	I	F
i	S	T	O	C	K	S	L	N	R
L	O	C	O	M	O	T	I	V	E
R	Q	S	D	P	A	R	T	X	I
O	E	T	S	O	D	E	A	D	G
A	L	A	B	O	R	S	U	R	H
D	A	M	A	G	E	S	Y	P	T

5. Match the pictures and the items, fill in the table below:

                          

                        

1. A TRACKLAYER
2. A CONDUCTOR
3. A DUTY OFFICER AT THE STATION
4. A ROLLING STOCK MECHANIC
5. A LOCOMOTIVE DRIVER
6. A MECHANICAL SIGNALLING

1	2	3	4	5	6

6.    Translate into English:

1.    Железная дорога – сложное транспортное предприятие.

2.    Первый паровоз в мире был изобретен и построен в 1803 году английским горным инженером Ричардом Тревиком.

3.     В 1825 Джордж Стефенсон построил первую железную дорогу на паровой тяге.

4.     Первая российская ж. дорога была построена в 1827 между Санкт-Петербургом и Царским Селом.

5.    Существуют следующие железнодорожные профессии: машинист, механик СЦБ, обходчик, дежурный по станции, путеукладчик, поездной диспетчер, проводник, механик подвижного состава. Логист и т.д.

6.    Железнодорожная работа в любой области чрезвычайно ответственная.

7.    Чтобы избежать транспортного нарушения и повреждения транспортных средств вы должны быть  внимательным, бдительным и прежде всего ответственным

The Future Perfect Tense.

         REMEMBER!

 Будущее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое закончится к определенному моменту в будущем.

1.    Put the verbs in brackets into Future Perfect Tense:

1.    I (to finish) the railway technical school by 2015.

2.    Workers (to lay down) the railway track by the end of September.

3.    The train Samara-Moscow (to arrive) by 6 p.m.

4.    You (to come) home by evening?

5.    She (not to finish) her composition in Literature by tomorrow.

6.    Sam (to decide) this problem by the evening.

7.    We (not to come) to your place by noon.

2.    Make the sentences negative and interrogative:

Jane			come	the work by Friday.
The students			eaten	their breakfast by 9 a.m.
His mother			translated	a tasty pie by father`s coming.
My children	will (not)	have	cooked	the exams by July.
I			built	to us by week-end.
Bob			passed	an article by evening.
Relatives			finished	a house by September.

3.    Match the sentences from the two columns:

1.    Мы вернем эти книги к полудню.	a)    Our teacher will not have checked the tests by the beginning of the lesson.
2.    Вы сделаете этот проект к сентябрю?	b)    Will they have prepared everything by our arrival?
3.    Ребята не придут к нему.	c)    I will not have passed exams by June.
4.    Мама приготовит ужин к вечеру?	d)    We will have returned these books by noon.
5.    Я не сдам экзамены к июню.	e)    Will you have done this project by September?
6.    Они подготовят всё к нашему приезду?	f)     Guys will not have come to his place.
7.    Наш учитель не проверит тесты к началу урока.	g)    Will mother have cooked dinner by evening?

4.    Circle the correct item and translate:

1.    We …………… by the end of summer.

a)                                          Will come back          B. will have come back         C. have will come back

2.    The railwaymen ……….. the track by the beginning of the year.

B.   Will has laid down     B. will have lay down             C.  will have laid down

3.    Ann ………………. her diploma work by the time you returned from the South.

A.   Will have finish           B. will finished                        C. will have finished

4.    I …………….. the text by 2 o`clock tomorrow.

A.   Will have translated   B. will have translate             C. have will translated

5.    Sophie ……….. peach cakes by the time her friends come.

A.   Will have bake          B. will have baked         C. will has baked

5. Use the verbs in the list in the Future Perfect Tense to complete the sentences:

Change  · construct  · move  · read  · choose  · watch

1.    I …………… this book by the first of May.

2.    She ………. a new profession by the certain time.

3.    We ………. our opinion about this situation by the end of the conference.

4.    The builders …….. a house by the end of the year.

5.    They ……… to a new city by August.

6.    He ……not …….. a horror film by the time they come.

6. Translate from Russian:

v Мы придем домой к 5 часам вечера.

v Родители не приготовят сюрприз ко времени, когда мы придем.

v Я не прочитаю эту книгу к началу года.

v Вы придете к нам к полудню?

v Ты сдашь экзамен по истории к 2 часам?

v Они не переведут этот текст к концу урока.

v Вы принесете новые журналы к вечеру?

Irregular verbs table
Глагол по-русски Verb in Russian	Неопределенная форма Infinitive  (В алфавитном порядке)	Простое прошедшее  Past simple	Причастие II  Past participle
пребывать, терпеть, соблюдать	abide	abode (abided)	abode (abided)
возникать, появляться	arise	arose	arisen
быть	be	was/were	been
нести, рожать	bear	bore	born / borne
бить	beat	beat	beaten
становится	become	became	become
начинать	begin	began	begun
гнуть	bend	bent	bent
держать пари	bet	bet	bet
предлагать цену	bid	bade/bid	bidden/bid
связывать	bind	bound	bound
кусаться	bite	bit	bitten
кровоточить	bleed	bled	bled
дуть	blow	blew	blown
ломать	break	broke	broken
выращивать	breed	bred	bred
приносить	bring	brought	brought
вещать по радио, телевидению	broadcast	broadcast (broadcasted)	broadcast (broadcasted)
строить	build	built	built
гореть, жечь	burn	burnt (burned)	burnt (burned)
взрываться	burst	burst (bursted)	burst (bursted)
покупать	buy	bought	bought
бросать, проводить кастинг	cast	cast	cast
ловить	catch	caught	caught
выбирать	choose	chose	chosen
цепляться, липнуть	cling	clung	clung
одевать(ся)	clothe	clad (clothed)	clad (clothed)
приходить	come	came	come
стоить	cost	cost	cost
ползти	creep	crept	crept
резать	cut	cut	cut
(по)сметь	dare	durst (dared)	dared
вести дела	deal	dealt	dealt
копать	dig	dug	dug
нырять, погружаться	dive	dove (dived)	dived
делать	do	did	done
рисовать, тянуть	draw	drew	drawn
мечтать, грезить	dream	dreamed (dreamt)	dreamed (dreamt)
пить	drink	drank	drunk
водить автомобиль	drive	drove	driven
обитать, останавливаться	dwell	dwelt	dwelt
есть	eat	ate	eaten
падать	fall	fell	fallen
кормить	feed	fed	fed
чувствовать	feel	felt	felt
бороться	fight	fought	fought
находить	find	found	found
подходить, подгонять (по размеру)	fit	fit (fitted)	fitted
сбежать	flee	fled	fled
швырять, бросать	fling	flung	flung
летать	fly	flew	flown
запрещать	forbid	forbade (forbad)	forbidden
предсказывать, предугадывать	forecast	forecast	forecast
забывать	forget	forgot	forgotten
простить	forgive	forgave	forgiven
предвидеть	foresee	foresaw	foreseen
предсказывать, прогнозировать	foretell	foretold	foretold
оставлять, покидать	forsake	forsook	forsaken
застывать, замерзать, замораживать	freeze	froze	frozen
получать	get	got	got (gotten)
давать	give	gave	given
идти	go	went	gone
точить, молоть	grind	ground	ground
расти	grow	grew	grown
висеть	hang	hung / hanged	hung / hanged
иметь	have / has	had	had
слышать	hear	heard	heard
вырубать, прорубать	hew	hewed	hewn / hewed
прятать	hide	hid	hidden
попадать, ударять	hit	hit	hit
держать	hold	held	held
причинять боль	hurt	hurt	hurt
содержать, поддерживать	keep	kept	kept
становиться на колени	kneel	knelt (kneeled)	knelt (kneeled)
вязать, плести	knit	knit (knitted )	knit (knitted )
знать	know	knew	known
класть, стелить	lay	laid	laid
вести, лидировать	lead	led	led
скакать, прыгать	leap	leaped / leapt	leaped / leapt
учиться, узнавать	learn	learnt (learned)	learnt (learned)
покидать, оставлять	leave	left	left
давать в займы	lend	lent	lent
позволять	let	let	let
лежать	lie	lay	lain
зажигать, освещать	light	lit	lit
терять	lose	lost	lost
делать, мастерить	make	made	made
значить, иметь ввиду	mean	meant	meant
встречать, знакомиться	meet	met	met
внушать недоверия, опасения	misgive	misgave	misgiven
ослышаться	mishear	misheard	misheard
промахнуться	mishit	mishit	mishit
класть не на место	mislay	mislaid	mislaid
ввести в заблуждение	mislead	misled	misled
неправильно истолковывать (или читать)	misread	misread	misread
писать с ошибками	misspell	misspelt (misspelled)	misspelt (misspelled)
неправильно понимать	misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood
ошибаться	mistake	mistook	mistaken
косить	mow	mowed	mown
возмещать, компенсировать,	offset	offset	offset
перебивать цену	outbid	outbid	outbid
превосходить	outdo	outdid	outdone
перегонять, опережать	outrun	outran	outrun
преодолеть, победить	overcome	overcame	overcome
превышать кредит, перерасходовать	overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn
платить	pay	paid	paid
умолять, просить о помощи	plead	pled (pleaded)	pled (pleaded)
класть, ставить	put	put	put
выходить, покидать, бросать	quit	quit (quitted)	quit (quitted)
читать	read	read	read
возвращать, делать сброс	reset	reset	reset
избавлять	rid	rid	rid
ездить верхом	ride	rode	ridden
звонить	ring	rang	rung
восходить, подниматься	rise	rose	risen
бежать	run	ran	run
сказать	say	said	said
видеть	see	saw	seen
искать	seek	sought	sought
продавать	sell	sold	sold
посылать	send	sent	sent
сажать, устанавливать	set	set	set
шить	sew	sewed	sewn (sewed)
трясти	shake	shook	shaken
бриться	shave	shaved	shaven (shaved)
стричь	shear	sheared	shorn (sheared)
проливать	shed	shed	shed
светить, сиять	shine	shone (shined)	shone (shined)
стрелять	shoot	shot	shot
показывать	show	showed	shown
сжиматься	shrink	shrank / shrunk	shrunk / shrunken
закрывать, затворять	shut	shut	shut
петь	sing	sang	sung
погружаться, опускаться	sink	sank / sunk	sunk
сидеть	sit	sat	sat
убивать (тж. переносн.)	slay	slain (slayed в переносном смысле)	slain (slayed в переносном смысле)
спать	sleep	slept	slept
скользить	slide	slid	slid
бросать, швырять	sling	slung	slung
пахнуть, нюхать	smell	smelt	smelt
разбить, сразить	smite	smote	smitten
говорить	speak	spoke	spoken
мчаться	speed	sped (speeded)	sped (speeded)
читать по буквам	spell	spelt (spelled)	spelt (spelled)
тратить, проводить	spend	spent	spent
разлить	spill	spilt (spilled)	spilt (spilled)
крутить, прясть	spin	spun	spun
плевать	spit	spat	spat
разделять, раскалывать	split	split	split
портить	spoil	spoilt (spoiled)	spoilt (spoiled)
распахнуть, распространять	spread	spread	spread
прыгать, скакать	spring	sprang	sprung
стоять	stand	stood	stood
воровать	steal	stole	stolen
втыкать, прилепить	stick	stuck	stuck
жалить	sting	stung	stung
вонять	stink	stank	stunk
бастовать, ударять	strike	struck	struck
нанизать, натянуть	string	strung	strung
клясться, ругаться	swear	swore	sworn
подметать	sweep	swept	swept
разбухать, надуваться	swell	swelled	swollen (swelled)
плавать	swim	swam	swum
качать	swing	swung	swung
брать	take	took	taken
обучать	teach	taught	taught
рвать	tear	tore	torn
рассказывать	tell	told	told
думать	think	thought	thought
бросать	throw	threw	thrown
толкать, совать, колоть	thrust	thrust	thrust
ступать	tread	trod	trodden / trod
подрезать; сбивать цены	undercut	undercut	undercut
подвергаться, претерпевать	undergo	underwent	undergone
понимать	understand	understood	understood
отменять, уничтожать, расстегивать	undo	undid	undone
поддерживать, утверждать	uphold	upheld	upheld
опрокинуть, расстроиться	upset	upset	upset
будить	wake	woke (waked)	waked (woken)
перехватывать, подстерегать	waylay	waylaid	waylaid
носить, одевать	wear	wore	worn
ткать	weave	wove (weaved)	wove (weaved)
жениться, выходить/выдавать замуж	wed	wed	wed (wedded)
плакать, запотевать	weep	wept	wept
мочить, увлажнять	wet	wet (wetted)	wet (wetted)
побеждать	win	won	won
заводить (часы), наматывать	wind	wound	wound
противостоять	withstand	withstood	withstood
скрутить, сжимать, выжимать	wring	wrung	wrung
писать	write	wrote	written