Презентация на тему: "Basic Elements of Geometry."

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  Basic Elements of Geometry.
  Geometric Figures and Bodies.
  

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  She sells the sea-shells on the sea-shore.
  The shells that she sells are sea-shore shells,
  I am sure.
  

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  New words and word-combinations
  knowledge - знания
  needs - нужды
  in ancient times - в древности
  to measure - измерять
  distance - расстояние
  spear - копье
  arrow - стрела
  to compare - сравнивать
  length - длина
  farming - фермерство
  geometrical value - геометрическое значение
  volume - об*ем
  construction - строительство
  to appear - появляться
  a bit later - немного позже
  approximately - приблизительно
  the Pythagoras theorem - теорема Пифагора
  further development - дальнейшее развитие
  dimension – величина
  bases - основы
  edges - грани
  
  
  

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  "The History of Geometry"
  The first geometrical knowledge was originated from the practical needs of people in ancient times.
  People measured distances, made straight spears and arrows, compared their length, etc.
  Farming and constructing played a very important role in the development of geometry. People worked out the new rules of comparing figures, calculating some geometrical values and volumes and the rules necessary for the construction of buildings. These rules appeared in Egypt and a bit later in China and India approximately in the 12th century B.C. In other words the age of geometry is no less than 4 or 5 thousand years
  Originally geometry was not a mathematical science though ancient Egyptians knew some facts of geometry such as the volume of a sphere, the Pythagoras theorem and some others. Geometry as a science got its further development in ancient Greece in the 7-5 century B.C.
  
  Тест на понимание текста :
  1.The first geometrical knowledge appeared in ;
  a] Greece;
  b] Egypt ;
  c] Japan.
  2. Geometry was originated from;
  a] the practical needs of people;
  b] theoretical knowledge.
  3. Geometry dates back to the
  а] 15 century B.C.
  b]15th century B.C.
  c] 12th century B.C.
  4. The most important role in the development of geometry the following peoples’ activities played
  a] fishery;
  b] farming and construction;
  c]cattle - breeding.
  5. Geometry got its further development in
  a] Greece;
  b] Middle Asia;
  c] Arabic Countries
  
  

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  A triagle
  is a flat figure with three corners or a vertices and three sides or edges which are line segments.
  

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  A circle
  
  is a simple shape of  consisting of those points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point, the centre. 
  
  

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  A square
  
  is a geometrical figure that has four equal sides and four equal angles.
  

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  A rhomb
  
  is a convex quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length.
  
  

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  A trapezium
  
   is convex quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides.
  
  

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  A parallelogram
   
  is a convex
  quadrilateral
  with two pairs of parallel sides.
   
   
  
  

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  A cylinder
  
   
  is a solid object with: two identical flat ends that are circular and one curved side.
  
  

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  A cone
  
   it is the solid figure formed by the locus of all straight line segments that join the apex to the base.
  
  

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  A sphere
  
  is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball.
  
  

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  A cube
  
   
  is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by six square  sides, with three meeting at each vertex
  
  

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   A prism
   
  is a polyhedron with a 
  n-sided polygonal base.
  
  

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  A pyramid
  
  its outer surfaces are triangular and join to a single point at the top.
  
  

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  Выберите правильный ответ:
  

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  По горизонтали:
  It is convex quadrilateral with at least one pair of parallel sides
  A cone is a geometric …
  its outer surfaces are triangular and join to a single point at the top
  it is the solid figure formed by the locus of all straight line segments that join the apex to the base
  It is a convex quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length
  6. It is a convex
  quadrilateral
  with two pairs of parallel sides
  По вертикали:
  It is a flat figure with three corners or a vertices and three sides or edges which are line segments
  It is a solid object with: two identical flat ends that are circular and one curved side
  It is a science of the geometric figures
  It is a simple shape of  consisting of those points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point, the centre
  It is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space, such as the shape of a round ball
  
  

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