Презентация на тему "The strategy of an interpreter" (5 класс)

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  The strategy of an interpreter
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Introduction
  Translation is a means of interlingual communication.
  The translator makes possible an exchange of information
  Between the users of different languages by producing
  In the target language a text which has an identical
  communacative value with the source text.
  As a kind of practical activities translation is a set of actions are largely
  Intuitive and the best results are naturally achieved by translators who are
  Best suited for the job, who are well-trained or have a special
  Aptitude, a talent for it.
  Masterpieces in translation are created by the past masters
  Of the art, true artists in their profession. At its best
  Translation is an art, a creation of a talented ,
  High- skilled professional,
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  Some of the legendary figures of interdicting include Jean Herbert, Andre Kaminski and Prince Constantine Andronicus, who was personal interdictor to General de Gaulle and one of the founders of AIIC, which was established in 1953
  A brief history of interpretation
  In mid-fifties of the last century conference interdictor was still in its infancy with the first simultaneous interdictation having been used after World War II at the Nuremburg Trials ( English, Russian and German. The fisrt interdictors were not trained but entered the profession on the strength of their mastery languages.
  

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  Characteristic features of oral translation
  Psycho psychological discomfort caused by the necessity to listen and to speak simultaneously
  Psycho psychological strain connected with irreversibility of that the reporter has said into the microphone, the reporter wont be stopped and asked to repeat
  Psychological strain connected with big audience and irreversibility of the translation. It is impossible to excuse and to correct
  Psycho psychological strain caused by quick speech. The simultaneous interdictor must always speak quickly without pauses otherwise he will be left behind
  The specialists pay attention to the following factors which determine the difficulty of simultaneous translation
  Difficuilt linguistic task of tying up the utterances in the language which have different structure during the simultaneous translation
  

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  Language and its usage
  .The interpreter should keep on improving his linguistic knowledge of both the source language and the receptor language through reading and/or listening to discourse genres available from different sources of information, like books, the Internet, television, radio, etc. (either English or Russian can be a source language or a receptor language).
  The interpreter should search for an appropriate, accurate, and natural way of using both the source language and the receptor language by asking and observing how nativeto interpret on stage speakers using their language in real-life situations.
  The interpreter should agree with the speaker on how : statement by statement or giving a summary after the talk. If the interpreter is to interpret statement by statement, he must use the first-person personal pronoun "I"to refer to the speaker; when giving a summary after a talk, particularly in a debate or a discussion, the interpreter must use the third-person personal pronoun "he"or "she"or "speaker's name
  Occasions and Stakeholders
  
  Face-to-face meeting between the Project and individuals (village leaders, religious leaders, tribal leaders, local government leaders, contractors, sub-contractors)
  Teleconference / telephone between the Project and individuals (government leaders and contractors)
  Formal meeting between the Project, government authorities, and agents of private institutions (district leaders, domestic and foreign NGO leaders, universities, etc)
  Opening and/or closing ceremony of a new project outdoors (in the
  field) between the Project, the contractors, the government leaders, and the communities.
  Contentious meeting on labor issues between the Project and the demonstrators
  Formal meeting between the Project and the villagers in the Village Hall
  Formal interview for new recruitments at LNG Tangguh
  Working procedure meeting (
   
  
  
  Logistical preparation
  
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  The interpreter should to carry his own small tape-recorder or cellphone/recorder with him at all times to record his actual interpreting work for his own performance assessment. Remember, interpreting work is not always in a very well-organized formal situation. It may take place anywhere and anytime. This small extra work may improve his performance and bring the interpreter up to a more professional level. Make sure to let the speaker or the organizer know of this recording by asking their permission to do it for personal improvement, rather than for commercial or political purposes.
  The interpreter should have a pen and a small notebook on him to put down certain points during a session of discussion if the audience is given a chance to comment and raise questions (in a discussion situation).
  The interpreter should ask the speaker if he has a hard copy of the talk and review it before going on stage. This will help the interpreter to find out new terms that he needs to clarify with the speaker or a friend to avoid misinterpreting. If the speaker is invited to deliver a speech without written notes, the interpreter should ask the speaker to brief him on the main points.
  

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  Some Strategies
  The interpreter should keep eye contact with the audience or with an individual when sitting or standing in front of them.
  The interpreter should speak up to ensure that the message is clearly heard and understood by the audience.
  The interpreter should ask the speaker to raise the volume of his voice when he speaks too softly. This is to avoid asking for repetition of unclear words or missing the point when the environment is polluted by external noises.
  The interpreter should listen to the speaker with full concentration while performing the job. He must not bring any psychological burden with him that might interfere with his work. He must refuse to do the job if he has a psychological problem or a bad mood on that day.
  

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  -The interpreter should ask the speaker to repeat an important point if the interpreter has missed it. He does not have to feel that the speaker or the audience may think he is stupid if he asks for clarification or repetition.
  -The interpreter should sit or stand close to the speaker so as to interpret what the first speakers say if it's an event (e.g. opening ceremony of a new project) where several speakers are invited to deliver their speeches, or comments may be made or questions asked by individuals from the audience.
  -The interpreter should not look at the written version of the speech if the speaker provides him with one, because this will interfere with his concentration. He has to put it aside right away and concentrate on the verbal message, because the process of listening to and interpreting incoming messages in the Short Term Memory is faster than reading. In addition, some good speakers usually do some improvisation and adaptations while delivering their speeches because of new information received from previous speakers or new ideas occurring to them spontaneously.
  -The interpreter should put down some particular points during a discussion, especially if the speaker is flooded with comments and questions from different people attending the meeting.
  

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  The interpreter should select the appropriate language and acceptable forms of addressing when talking to the audience or a particular individual.
  Apart from a hand phone on a teleconference or a telephone meeting, the speaker-phone button on an office telephone must be pressed when interpreting so both the speaker and the interpreter can clearly hear the comments, questions, and answers from the speaker at the other end. The interpreter should stop the speaker at the other end when he speaks too fast. This usually happens when the speaker at the other end does not realize that interpreting is in progress The interpreter should remind the remote speaker to adapt to the pace of the speaker on his side.
  When interpreting a speech outdoors, e.g. at the project site, the interpreter should raise his voice to reach the audience standing far from the speaker if there is no a battery-operated loudspeaker available (in the Indonesian tradition, several speeches are usually delivered prior to cutting a ribbon or laying the first brick to signal the beginning of a new project in an opening ceremony)
  

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  Conclusion
  Oral translation plays very important part in the world. Russian and foreign businessmen,scientists and politicians work side by side at different countries and therefore they need translation during commercial talks,signing of contracts and everyday communication.
  Each new interpreter must make an effort to improve his interpreting skill and knowledge in different fields of science and technology. Such skills and knowledge can only be acquired by learning before stepping up on stage, experiencing while on stage, and learning from the experience after performing on stage so as to perform much better in future assignments.
  The process of LEARNING à EXPERIENCING à LEARNING is an on-going process each interpreter goes through once he has chosen interpreting either as a part-time or as a full-time career.
  

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  Thank you for your attention!!!