Дополнительные материалы по английскому языку на тему "Образование" ( 10 класс)

Module3. Education

school — школа
primary school — начальная школа
secondary school — средняя школа
gymnasium — гимназия
lyceum — лицей
an English language school — школа с углубленным изучением английского языка
boarding school — школа-интернат
state (maintained) school — государственная школа (финансируется с государственного бюджета)
private school частная школа — (финансируется частными лицами или организациями)
headmaster (headmistress) — (так говорят британцы) директор школы
Principal — (так говорят американцы) директор школы
(school) teacher — учитель (учительница)
class (form) teacher — классный руководитель
schoolchildren — школьники
school boy (girl) — школьник, школьница
pupil — ученик
grade — (все параллельные классы) класс
class, lesson — урок (занятие)
10А form (class) — класс 10 «А»
to go to school — учится в школе
to leave school / graduate from — заканчивать школу
school-leaving certificate — аттестат зрелости
to attend school — посещать уроки
to miss school — прогуливать уроки
curriculum — программа обучения
GCSE (General Certificate ) — Аттестат о среднем образовании
of Secondary Education) school- leaving exams — выпускные экзамены

school- leaving party-  выпускной вечер to call the roll — вызывать по списку                                                             №2 to explain — объяснять to ask — спрашивать to make a mistake указать на ошибку to correct a mistake — исправить ошибку to test — контролировать to give a mark — поставить оценку to put down homework — записать домашнее задание to respond — откликнуться to understand — понимать to answer — отвечать to write a test — писать контрольную to get / receive a mark — получить оценку to do homework / task (assignment Am.) — выполнять домашнюю работу student — студент to recall — помнить, припомнить to decide — решать to think — думать to discuss — обсуждать to retell — пересказывать to recite — читать на память to prepare — приготавливать to calculate — считать to do sums — решать задачи to remember помнить

Maths / mathematics — математика                                                          №3 Algebra — алгебра Geometry — геометрия                                        Subjects Physics — физика Chemistry — химия Biology — биология Botany — ботаника Geography — география History — история Literature — литература Native — родной Foreign language — иностранный язык English — английский Russian — русский Ukrainian — украинский French — французский German — немецкий Linguistics — лингвистика Art — изо Technical drawing — черчение Computering — информатика Sport — физкультура Labour training — труд classroom — класс

№4 grade, mark — оценка (to) grade — ставить оценку, оценивать A — оценка «отлично» F — оценка «удовлетворительно» (to) submit (documents) — подавать (документы) (to) apply for admissions — подавать заявку на поступление ( в колледж и др.) (to) take a test — сдавать экзамен (тест) (to) pass a test — сдать экзамен (тест) (to)fail a test — провалить экзамен (тест) (to) administer a test — проводить экзамен (тест)

A (100%) — отлично                                                                            №5 A- (90-99%) — очень хорошо B+ (80-89%) — хорошо B (70-79%) — довольно хорошо B- (60-69%) — пристойно C+ (50-59%) — удовлетворительно C (40-49%) — довольно слабо C- (30-39%) — слабо D (<30%) — очень слабо                                                              Marks/grades

Education in Great Britain

Twelve million children visit about 40.000 schools in Britain. Education in Great Britain is compulsory. All British children must study at school between the ages of 5 and 16. Many of them stay longer and take school-leaving exams when they are 18. But before that age of 5 many children can go to a nursery school, also called a play school.

In Primary School and First School children learn to read and write and the basis of arithmetic. In the higher classes of Primary School (or in Middle School) children learn geography, history, religion and, in some schools, a foreign language. Then children go to the Secondary School.

Compulsory secondary education begins when children are 11 or 12 and lasts for 5 years. Secondary school is traditionally divided into 5 forms: a form to each year. Children study English, Mathematics, Science, History, Art, Geography, Music, a Foreign language and have lessons of Physical training, Religion. At the age of 7, 11 and 14 pupils take examinations in the core subjects.

At the age of 16 pupils take General Certificate of Secondary Education exams in several subjects. After that they can try to get a job, go to college of further education, or stay at school for another 2—3 years.

If they stay at school after 16, or go to a college of further education, they take school-leaving A-level exams at the age of 18. After that, they may choose to go to a university or a college of higher education.

In England there are 47 universities, including the Open University which teaches via TV and radio, about 400 colleges and institutes of higher education. The oldest universities in England are Oxford and Cambridge. Generally, universities award two kinds of degrees: the Bachelor’s degree and the Master’s degree.

Students may receive grants and loans from their Local Educational Authorities to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. However, most students should pay these loans back after they get a job.

Most students in Great Britain live away from home, in flats or halls of residence. To pay for education, many students have to work in the evening and during their summer vacations.

Some parents choose private schools for their children. They are very expensive but considered to provide a better education and good job opportunities.

Перед чтением текста проверьте себя, знаете ли вы слова: compulsory, primary education, secondary education, comprehensive, ability, entrance exams, specialized schools, profound knowledge, academic subjects, higher education, enter a university, take exams, pass exams, fail exams.

Education in Russia

1. academic subjects – учебные предметы
2. competition – зд. конкурс
3. fierce — жесткий
4. public — государственный
5. bachelor’s degree – диплом бакалавра
6. specialist’s degree – диплом инженера
7. master’s degree – диплом магистра
8. higher education — высшее образование
9. institutions of higher education — высшие учебные заведения

All Russian children have the right to education, but it is not only a right, it is a duty, too. Education in our country is compulsory and now lasts eleven years. It consists of primary education and secondary education.

Primary education starts at the age of 6 or 7 and continues for four years. After finishing primary school pupils go on to secondary school. The school year starts in September and ends in May. Generally there are 4 school terms with holidays up to 10 days between them. The summer holidays last from June to September.

Most schools in Russia are comprehensive, which take pupils of all abilities without entrance exams. As a rule, students go to school 5 days a week. But there are also specialized schools, lyceums and gymnasiums, which give profound knowledge in various academic subjects. In lyceums and gymnasiums students study 6 days a week.

After finishing the 9th form students must take 4 examinations. Then young people can choose to stay at school, enter a college or a technical school. But to enter a university they have to study for two more years (either at school or at college).

Higher education in Russia.
There are many colleges and universities in our country, but it is not easy to enter a university or college as the competition is rather fierce. Most of the colleges and universities are public and students do not have to pay for their education.

After 4 years of study students can pass examinations and get a bachelor’s degree, after 5 years a specialist’s degree and after 6 years a master’s degree.

There are a lot of institutions of higher education in our country:

• the Moscow State University (Московский Государственный Университет)
• the Linguistic University, known as Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages (Лингвистический Университет, известный как Институт иностранных языков имени Мориса Терезы)
• People’s Friendship University of Russia (Российский Университет Дружбы Народов)

They are well-known not only in Russia but also abroad.

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Задание. Retell the text to make sure that you have remembered the words:

1. study academic subjects
2. there is a fierce competition
3. take entrance exams
4. enter a university
5. get profound knowledge
6. get a bachelor’s degree
7. get higher education — высшее образование
8. various institutions of higher education — высшие учебные заведения