Key ICT development directions.ICT Standartization.Definition of ICT. Subject of ICT and its objectives.

Lecture № 1

Key ICT development directions.ICT Standartization.Definition of ICT.

Subject of ICT and its objectives.

The objective of the lesson: To introduce role of ICT in key sectors of development of society

Tasks:

a) educational: To provide students with main terms as Information and communication technologies, ICT development, appropriate technology, innovative technologies.

b) developmental: to master professional and personal competencies of students that willenable the use of modern information technologies in various areas of professional activity, scientific and practical work, self-education and for other purposes.

c) pedagogical: to help to expand the outlook of students, improve their general culture and education.

At the end of the lesson students will

know: The basics of distance learning and ICT development prospects

be able to: Apply the methods and means of information protection

Introduction

Information and communications technology (ICT) is an extended term forinformation technology (IT) which stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), computers as well as necessary enterprise software, middleware, storage, and audio-visual systems, which enable users to access, store, transmit, and manipulate information.

Information and communications technologies (ICT) are a diverse set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, and to create, disseminate, store, and manage information.

Information Communications and Technology (ICT) is a term that refers to all the hardware and software that people use to send and receive information. Social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace, computers, phones and tablets make up the term ICT. Over the past few years, the ICT sector has grown substantially with a lot of new companies releasing new gadgets to improve how we communicate

Information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) refers to the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the fields of socioeconomic development, international development, and human rights. The theory behind this is, more and better information and communication furthers the development of a society.

Aside from its reliance on technology, ICT4D also requires an understanding of community development, poverty, agriculture, healthcare, and basic education. This makes ICT4D appropriate technology, and if it is shared openly, open source appropriate technology. Richard Heeks suggests that the I in ICT4D is related with "library and information sciences", the C is associated with "communication studies", the T is linked with "information systems", and the D for "development studies". It is aimed at bridging the digital divide and assisting economic development by fostering equitable access to modern communications technologies, and it is a powerful tool for economic and social development. Other terms can also be used for "ICT4D" or "ICT4Dev" ("ICT for development") such as ICTD ("ICT and development", which is used in a broader sense) and development informatics.

ICT4D can refer to assisting disadvantaged populations anywhere in the world, but it is usually associated with applications in developing countries. It is concerned with directly applying information technology approaches to poverty reduction. ICTs can be applied directly, benefiting the disadvantaged population, or indirectly, by assisting aid organizations, non-governmental organizations, governments, and/or businesses, to improve socio-economic conditions. The field is an interdisciplinary research area, quickly growing through a number of conferences, workshops and publications, but there is a need for scientifically validated benchmarks and results, to measure the effectiveness of current projects. This field has also produced an informal community of technical and social science researchers who rose out of the annual ICT4D conferences.

        One of the main objectives of the ICT sector is the creation of a digital transport medium to support the processes of information, modern telecommunications infrastructure and its integration with the infrastructure of other states. Therefore, the development of transit potential in the sphere of information technologies, the integration of national economies into the global environment and act as an important task and a priority infrastructure identified in the strategy.

       In order to develop promising technology areas to move to the next phase of industrialization, the task of further development of the Park of innovative technologies as one of the leading countries of innovation clusters.

World experience of ICT development

Beginning in the 1980s, during the rise of the level of use of personal computers, as well as a consequence of increased demand for software products and completing formation of the different approaches of state policy towards the development of the ICT sector. Next, the transition to digital telecommunications in the 1990s and the subsequent formation of the Internet, the impetus to promote the further development of ICT in the world.

A lot of approaches to ICT development conventionally divided into two directions: the first - the development of ICT production and services (computers, software, devices, telecommunications and others.), In order to increase output and to strengthen ICT industry - "ICT as a manufacturing sector "; the second - the introduction of ICTs in different sectors of the economy, to maximize the information society and economy - "ICT as a tool of information society." Within these two areas can be classified in the following levels of strategic approaches: the development of the ICT sector, export-oriented; ICT sector development, oriented to the domestic market; approach global positioning; ICT as a tool for social and economic development . Consider these approaches on country practices.

In modern society ICT is ever-present, with over three billion people having access to the Internet. With approximately 8 out of 10 Internet users owning a smartphone, information and data are increasing by leaps and bounds. This rapid growth, especially in developing countries, has led ICT to become a keystone of everyday life, in which life without some facet of technology renders most of clerical, work and routine tasks dysfunctional. The most recent authoritative data, released in 2014, shows "that Internet use continues to grow steadily, at 6.6% globally in 2014 (3.3% in developed countries, 8.7% in the developing world); the number of Internet users in developing countries has doubled in five years (2009-2014), with two thirds of all people online now living in the developing world.

Favorably, the gap between the access to the Internet and mobile coverage has decreased substantially in the last fifteen years, in which "2015 is the deadline for achievements of the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which global leaders agreed upon in the year 2000, and the new data show ICT progress and highlight remaining gaps."[20] ICT continues to take on new form, with nanotechnology set to usher in a new wave of ICT electronics and gadgets. ICT newest editions into the modern electronic world include smart watches, such as the Apple Watch, smart wristbands such as the Nike+ FuelBand, and smart TVs such as Google TV. With desktops soon becoming part of a bygone era, and laptops becoming the preferred method of computing, ICT continues to insinuate and alter itself in the ever-changing globe.

Literature:

1.     Maximizing Mobile // 2012 Information and Communications for Development. World Bank, Washington D.C., 2012, 244 p.

2.     Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications (6 Volumes).  2008, pages: 4288