Л.М. Маслакова
Контрольная
работа по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык» специальности
15.02.08
«Технология машиностроения» (базовая подготовка)
РАССМОТРЕНО
цикловой
методической комиссией Иностранных языков
Председатель
ЦМК
_____________
Маслакова Л.М.
Протокол
№_____
«____»
___________ 2018 г.
Маслакова Л.М.
Контрольная работа для специальности «Технология машиностроения» (базовая подготовка).
- Омск: Изд-во Омавиат, 2018.
- 12
с.
Контрольная
работа предназначена для студентов 3 курса специальности «Технология машиностроения»
(базовая подготовка).
Контрольная
работа состоит из 5 вариантов: 5 упражнений и профессионально направленных
текстов.
ВАРИАНТ 1
Упр. 1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) The scientists suppose these phenomena to be of
great importance.
2) Experience shows this strategy to have produced
better results than more traditional algorithms.
3) The new methods
were found to have many disadvantages.
Упр. 2.
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
1)
Having completed all our preparations we started a new series of experiments.
2) This plant will
produce the new types of machines being imported now from abroad.
3) New
machine-tools were delivered to the plant, all of them being in good order.
Упр. 3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие сложные предложения.
1)
If the experiment is a success, it will confirm our theory.
2) If we had obtained the necessary data, we should
have finished the work earlier.
3) It would be impossible to protect metal from
corrosion without the films.
Упр. 4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 6-й абзацы
текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
decibel - децибел (db) = 0.1 b; b (бел) -
акустическая единица измерения
damping - демпфирование, гашение (колебаний)
to sheet-metal shells - к наружным частям, сделанным из листового железа
a high inherent damping capacity - способность сильного внутреннего демпфирования
yet - зд.
но
SILENT METALS
1) A hundred years ago noise on the main streets of the world’s
biggest cities did not exceed 61 decibels. Today industrial noise is at very
high level at many factories, and in some it reaches 90 to 110 decibels.
2) Noise is an ever growing inconvenience of modern life, and of
it is generated by vibrations of metals. These vibrations not only cause noise
but can also lead to “fatigue” and consequent failure of a structure.
3) Research into methods which can minimize vibrations in
structures is therefore of considerable importance. There are two methods to reduce
vibration in an engineering design; either we make the structure so stiff and
heavy that it cannot vibrate significantly, or we introduce “damping” into the
structure, that is, we have to introduce some mechanism for the absorption of
energy within the system.
4) To apply damping coating is standard practice today. The
damping coatings are usually made of plastics and are applied to sheet-metal
shells such as car bodies. This method is often cheap and the advantage is that
the coating can be applied precisely where damping is required. But these
damping coatings may be efficient for certain sound frequencies and
temperatures.
5) So metallurgists were interested in the possibility of metals
that are strong and tough enough to be used in structures. But they must also
possess a high inherent damping capacity that is independent of frequency and
less temperature-dependent that of plastics.
6) Scientists want to combine some of the properties, which
characterize steel, with high damping capacity of lead and to produce a
material that could be used to minimize noise and vibration. This can, in fact,
be done with several materials, the most outstanding of which are alloys of
manganese and copper. These alloys can be stronger than ordinary steel, with
similar toughness and hardness, yet than that of steel. However, noise and
vibration are problems to be faced by engineers.
Упр. 5.
Прочитайте 5-й и 6-й абзацы текста и ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:
1) What properties of metals were metallurgists interested in?
2) What material do scientists want to produce?
3) What advantages will the alloys of manganese and copper possess
in comparison with steel?
ВАРИАНТ 2
Упр. 1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) The working conditions appeared to be more
difficult than it was supposed.
2) We know the scientist to study this proposal
thoroughly.
3) Scientific discoveries to be practically applied in
industry are paid special attention to.
Упр. 2.
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
1) Having been tested, the new equipment was installed
in the laboratory.
2) The metal was heated, its temperature reaching the
melting point.
3) The engineer making an experiment must take all
safety measures.
Упр. 3.
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные
предложения.
1) If liquids expand upon freezing, an increase of
pressure lowers the freezing point.
2) If the metal had been heated slowly, the first
changes in its appearance would have occurred at a temperature of 1,000ºК.
3) It would be impossible to determine the properties
of these materials without intensive studies in our research laboratory.
Упр. 4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы
текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения
к тексту
alloy – сплав
brass – латунь
molten – расплавленный
copper – медь
tin - олово
ALLOYS
1) The word alloy comes from a French word meaning “to combine”.
When metals in a molten state unite and make what seems to be a single
substance, they are said to form an alloy. For example, brass is an alloy of
copper and zinc. Most alloys are known to be made by melting the metals
together but some are made by electrochemical methods and a few by compressing
the powdered metals together.
2) Men first learned about the simple metals like copper and tin.
Then, perhaps after, a fire, they found that a different substance was formed
if copper and tin were melted together. This substance, called bronze, was
found to be more useful than either of the metals by themselves, for when two
or more metals form an alloy the result is a substance which has different
properties from those of the original metals.
3) Metallurgists are known to have produced many kinds of alloys
which can be used in several different ways.
4) In the homes of ancient people copper was used to make tools
and weapons but it was too soft to be really suitable. It soon lost its sharp
edge or bent if it struck something hard. The discovery of bronze gave a harder
and more useful metal. Later iron was discovered and used instead of bronze.
5) When iron was obtained from the iron ore varying amounts of
carbon were left in the metal produced. More recently in history it became
possible to obtain iron with a definite amount of carbon in it. When this metal
was made red-hot and cooled quickly by plunging it into cold water, it became
very much harder than the original iron. This metal was called steel. Steel is
not really an alloy, it is rather like one. We know the name of steel to be
used now for any iron which contains from 0.1 to 1.7% of carbon. After more
study and experiment men discovered many effects of alloying different metals
with steel. The results are called the alloy steels.
Упр.
5. Прочитайте 5-й абзац текста и ответьте письменно на
следующие вопросы:
1) When did metal become
much harder than the original iron?
2) What is steel?
ВАРИАНТ 3
Упр.
1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) Further experiments proved the assumption to be
wrong.
2) For the experiment we need several electrical
devices to be connected in series.
3) Lasers are known to have found application in
medicine.
Упр. 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) These machines will be sent to the plant being
constructed in this region.
2) Having built a new automobile plant, we increased
the output of cars and buses.
3) The pressure removed, the body returns to its
original volume.
Упр. 3.
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные
предложения.
1) If the gathered data had been presented in time,
the results of the experiments would have been different.
2) If you started the work tomorrow, you would be able
to finish it in time.
3) It would be impossible to carry on a careful study
of the process without the new device.
Упр. 4.
Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 6-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
minute porous cavities - крошечные пористые пустоты
self-lubrication characteristic - свойство, обеспечивающее самосмазывание деталей
self-lubricating bearing - самосмазывающийся подшипник
powder metallurgy - порошковая металлургия
POWDER METALLURGY LOOKS TOWARDS THE FUTURE
1) Developments and advances in powder metallurgy, a technology
created some 50 years ago, can save manufacturing industry great amounts of
valuable materials. Powder metallurgy is a cheap alternative to many
conventional manufacturing processes.
2) When components, simple or complex, require precision and high
quality at a comparatively low lost — powder metallurgy can provide the
solution of the problem. An important feature of powder metallurgy is that it
can provide the industry with such material compositions whirl, are not
achievable by any other means.
3) Components produced by the powder metallurgy process can go
straight into the manufacturing cycle or, if required, undergo further
processing, including heat treatment. Powder metallurgy is finding new
applications in various industries — in electronics, aviation,
machine-building, etc.
4) The unique physical properties of powder metallurgy parts
enable oil to be retained in minute porous cavities within the part. This sell
lubricating characteristic is long lasting and can eliminate other lubrication
systems.
5) The research and production association for powder metallurgy
has developed a number of processes for powder metallurgy components
production. The source material there is metal powder which is subjected to
high pressure to acquire a required shape and is then put to thermo-electric
furnaces. The resultant parts are more durable and require no additional
machining.
6) Future processes to be introduced by the association will
produce self-lubricating bearings, metal and nonmetal alloys and other match
also with preset properties based on combinations of various powders. Metal
powder with its unusual characteristic features and properties is listed in the
category of new materials.
Упр.
5. Прочитайте 5-й и 6-й абзацы текста и ответьте
письменно на следующие вопросы:
1) What is the source material for powder metallurgy components
production?
2) What will future processes introduced by the association
produce?
3) What kind of material is metal powder?
ВАРИАНТ 4
Упр. 1. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) The crew is reported to have carried out a great
deal of scientific experiments.
2) We want the article to be translated right now.
3) The lifetime of the equipment is assumed to be 30
years.
Упр. 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) A curve
showing the behaviour of metal is given in Fig.21.
2) The journal was brought yesterday, his article being
published on the first page.
3) Having subjected crystals to X-radiation the
scientists could obtain materials with special properties.
Упр. 3.
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные
предложения.
1) If the quality of the equipment were higher the
results of the experiment would be more accurate and complete.
2) If the service life of the instrument had been
prolonged, the economic effect would have been increased many times.
3) It would be impossible to simplify the production
of aluminum without using the electrothermal method.
Упр. 4.
Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и
письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения
к тексту
simultaneously
– синхронно
utilize
– использовать, утилизировать
desire
– желание
multiple
– многочисленный
laundry machine – стиральная
машина
AUTOMATED
PRODUCTION LINES
1)
An automated production line consists of a series of workstations connected by
a transfer system to move parts between the stations. This is an example of
fixed automation, since these lines are set up for long production runs, making
large number of product units and running for several years between
changeovers. Each station is designed to perform a specific processing
operation, so that the part or product is constructed stepwise as it progresses
along the line.
2)
A raw work part enters at one end of the line, proceeds through each
workstation and appears at the other end as a completed product. In the normal
operation of the line, there is a work part being processed at each station, so
that many parts are being processed simultaneously and a finished part is
produced with each cycle of the line. The various operations, part transfers,
and other activities taking place on an automated transfer line must all be
sequenced and coordinated properly for the line to operate efficiently.
3)
Modern automated lines are controlled by programmable logic controllers, which
are special computers that can perform timing and sequencing functions required
to operate such equipment. Automated production lines are utilized in many
industries, mostly automobile, where they are used for processes such as
machining and pressworking.
4)
Machining is a manufacturing process in which metal is removed by a cutting or
shaping tool, so that the remaining work part is the desired shape. Machinery
and motor components are usually made by this process. In many cases, multiple
operations are required to completely shape the part. If the part is mass-produced,
an automated transfer line is often the most economical method of production.
Many separate operations are divided among the workstations.
5)
Pressworking operations involve the cutting and forming of parts from sheet
metal. Examples of such parts include automobile body panels, outer shells of
laundry machines and metal furniture.
Упр.
5. Прочитайте 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и ответьте
письменно на следующие вопросы:
1) What is machining?
2) What is necessary in
case of mass-produced work part?
3) What do pressworking
operations comprise? Give some examples.
ВАРИАНТ 5
Упр.
1. Перепишите
и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения.
1) The metal to be poured into a mold for casting may
contract or expand on solidifying.
2) The properties of the new material are known to be
determined next month.
3) All the changes of temperature and changes
of state to be discussed are shown by a graph in Fig. 2.
Упр. 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык
следующие предложения.
1) Working with machines, sharp tools and motors one
must always be careful.
2) The preparations being completed, we started the
experiment.
3) Having been tested, the new equipment was installed
in the laboratory.
Упр. 3.
Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные
предложения.
1) If we placed this material in vacuum, its
mechanical properties would be changed.
2) If the quality of the equipment were higher, the
results of the experiment would be more accurate.
3) It would be impossible to explain these phenomena
without using the laws of physics.
Упр.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-й абзацы
текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
machine-tool - металлорежущий станок
in a precise orientation and by a precise amount - в определенном положении и в точно заданных пределах
punched paper tape - бумажная перфолента
computer numerical control (CNC) - числовое программное управление (ЧПУ)
monitoring of the controlled axes - отслеживание (положения) контролируемых (координатных) осей
position transducer - датчик положения
torque - вращающий момент
distributed processing approach - принцип распределения обработки (данных)
modular approach - модульный принцип
bit slice... system - система, секционированная по двоичным разрядам; система с
разрядной организацией
MACHINE-TOOLS
1) Machine-tools are a class of metal removing machines such as
lathes, millers and drillers. The basis of the cutting process is the movement
of the cutting tool in relation to the material in a precise orientation and by
a precise amount.
2) Traditional numerical control (NC) is based upon the movement
being controlled via a pre-prepared punched paper tape. The development of
microprocessors and compact computers has extended the sophistication of the
control available, so that the term “computer numerical control” (CNC) is used.
In practice, movements in all three dimensions are controlled. The actual
movement and monitoring of the controlled axes are carried out by motors and
position transducers.
3) On the above basis numerical control machine-tools have been
used for many years prior to the development of the microelectronics. The
application of microcomputers allows for more sophisticated control. When metal
is machined, its cutting properties can vary throughout the workpiece,
particularly if it is a forging or casting. Microcomputers can add a further
aspect of adaptive control by reacting to the current power consumption,
torque, etc. of the driving motors.
4) Due to the nature of microcomputer systems a distributed
processing approach can be adopted for the control of the various functions of
a machine tool. This also allows a modular approach to the development of the
hardware and software. In addition, greater operator interaction for unexpected
situations is possible due to the work cycle not being restricted to
preprogrammed punched paper tape.
5) Instead of being a substantial part of the cost of a machine
tool, the use of microcomputers makes the numerical control cost less and adds
relatively little to the cost of the machine tool. Some control systems are too
complex for a single microprocessor.
Упр.
5. Прочитайте 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и ответьте
письменно на следующие вопросы:
1)
What approach can be adopted for the control of the various functions of a
machine tool?
2)
Why greater operator interaction for unexpected situations is possible?
3)
What are the advantages of using the microcomputers?
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