Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив ( 9 класс)

INFINITIVE

DOUBLE NATURE

 

                        NOMINAL            VERBAL

        *Function                              *Perfect-non-perfect

in the sentence                     He should have done it.

-Subject:                                 *Continuous-

To translate the text is easy.                                 Non-continuous

-object:                                  He must be talking to the boss.

He plans to accept the offer.                       

*active-passive

                                               This document must be lost.

Note: Infinitive doesn’t have any person, number or tense (Present, Past, Future)

Forms of the infinitive

	Active	Passive
Simple	To write	To be written
Continuous	To be writing	___________
Perfect	To have written	To have been written
Perfect continuous	To have been writing	___________

Examples:

1.    the simple infinitive expresses an action simultaneous with the action expressed by the finite verb,

e.g.:  I am glad to meet you.

              I was glad to see Mr. Paul yesterday.

              I will be glad to see you tomorrow.

2.   the continuous infinitive expresses an action in progress and it is simultaneous with that expressed by the finite verb,

e.g.:  They happened to be standing there at the moment.

         This can’t be happening to her.

3.   the perfect infinitive expresses an action prior to the action expressed by the finite verb,

e.g.:     I’m glad to have seen you.

         I’m sorry to have upset you.

4.   the perfect continuous infinitive denotes an action which lasted  a certain time before the action of the finite verb,

e.g.:  For about ten days he seemed to have been living on nothing but cold meat, cake and bread.

5.    the passive infinitive

e.g.: There was not a moment to be lost.

         There is a lot to be seen there.

6.   the perfect passive infinitive

e.g.:  This book should have been published long time ago.

         It must have been done last week.

INFINITIVE WITHOUT THE PARTICLE “TO”

USAGE	EXAMPLES	NOTE
AFTER THE AUXILIARIES: Ø  DO/DOES/DID Ø  SHALL/WILL Ø  SHOULD/WOULD	I DON’T LIKE TEA. I WILL BE SLEEPING AT 11. HE SAID HE WOULD LIKE TO GO TO THE PARTY.	PRESENT/PAST SIMPLE FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE IN THE PAST
AFTER MODAL VERBS: CAN MAY MUST SHOULD MIGHT COULD	I CAN READ AND WRITE. HE MAY HAVE COME. SHE MIGHT BE SLEEPING. THEY MUST BE OUT.	EXCEPT: OUGHT TO HAVE TO BE TO
AFTER THE VERBS: Ø  OF SENSE PERCEPTION Ø  TO MAKE ( TO FORCE) Ø  TO HAVE ( TO MAKE) Ø  TO LET (TO ALLOW)	I DIDN’T SEE YOU ENTER THE ROOM. DON’T MAKE ME LAUGH. I’LL HAVE HIM DO THIS. LET’S GO FOR A WALK. LET ME INTRODUCE MYSELF.	COMPLEX OBJECT
AFTER THE EXPRESSIONS: Ø  HAD BETTER Ø  WOULD RATHER/SOONER Ø  CANNOT (HELP) BUT Ø  CANNOT CHOOSE BUT Ø  TO DO NOTHING BUT Ø  NOTHING TO DO BUT	HE’D BETTER GO AWAY. I’D RATHER GO AWAY. I CANNOT BUT LAUGH. I CANNOT CHOOSE BUT BUY IT. SHE DOES NOTHING BUT MAKE PLANS. HE HAD NOTHING TO DO BUT WAIT.	ЕМУ БЫ ЛУЧШЕ УЙТИ. Я БЫ ПРЕДПОЧЛА УЙТИ. НЕ МОГУ НЕ СМЕЯТЬСЯ. НЕ МОГУ НЕ КУПИТЬ ЭТО. ОНА НИЧЕГО НЕ ДЕЛАЕТ, КАК СТРОИТ ПЛАНЫ. ЕМУ НИЧЕГО НЕ ОСТАЕТСЯ, КАК ЖДАТЬ.
AFTER: Ø  WHY (NOT) Ø  HOW IN RHETORICAL QUESTIONS	WHY NOT GO THERE RIGHT AWAY? HOW LEAVE HER THERE? WHY GO THERE RIGHT AWAY?	ПОЧЕМУ БЫ НЕ ПОЙТИ ТУДА ПРЯМО СЕЙЧАС? И КАК ЕЕ ТАМ ОСТАВИТЬ? ЧЕГО РАДИ ИДТИ ТУДА?