Презентация к уроку " Старая добрая Англия?"

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  Old Good Britain?
  Made up by Tamara Kitova
  

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  When you hear of Britain, what do you think of ?
  

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  The United Kingdom
  of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
  

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  The current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927
  
  
  
  The UK covers an area
  of 242,500 square kilometres and has a population of about 67 million, similar to that of France and Italy.
  Population: 67 081 234
  
  It is made up of 4 semi-autonomous countries:
  England, Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales.
  

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  England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century.
  The union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 but was not formalized until 1536.
  
  Scotland was an independent nation until the Act of Union in 1707 when England and Scotland joined to form Great Britain
  The Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; 6 northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland
  The legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  

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  Geography
  Mostly rugged hills and low mountains – level to rolling plains in the east and southeast
  Lowest point – The Fens (-4m)
  Highest Point – Ben Nevis (1,343m)
  

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  Where do people live?
  The UK population is about 67 million people, of which 56.8 million live in England.
  Languages:
  English
  Welsh (about 760,000)
  Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland)
  Irish
  

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  Climate
  
  
  Mild, moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current.
  “More than half of the days are overcast”( облачные)
  

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  Money
  The UK had been a member of the EU 1973 - 2021, but did not participate in the European single currency, the Euro.
  

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  Land Use
  Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force
  Products include: cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables; cattle, sheep,
  poultry; fish
  Industry includes: machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper and paper products, food processing, textiles, clothing, other consumer goods
  Over 70% of the total UK land area is under agricultural use, although less than 1% is used for permanent crops.
  

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  Natural Resources
  Resources include: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Iron ore, Lead, Zinc, Gold, Tin, Limestone, Salt, Clay, Chalk, Gypsum, Potash, Silica sand, Slate, arable land.
  The sources of primary energy production
  in 2020 were:
  Natural Gas: 40%
  Oil: 32%
  Coal: 16%
  Nuclear: 12%
  Renewable: 2%
  
  

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  Other Resources
  Industry
  Services
  (banking, insurance, and business services)
  

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  Employment
  
  Labour force of 32.7 million
  
  Unemployment rate 3.9%
  
  
  Occupations:
  agriculture: 1.4%
  industry: 18.2%
  services: 80.4%
  
  

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  Earnings
  Average salary/wage £ 26 832 per year (2021)
  Ranges from
  £946 per week for top 10%
  under £262 per week for the lowest paid
  Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE)
  
  Minimum Wage £4.73 per hour
  For full time, legally resident, adult employees
  
  below poverty line: 17%
  
  Source: Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)
  
  

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  Politics
  The UK is a long-established parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as the Head of State. The democracy is sustained by free elections, freedom of speech and open and equal treatment before the law.
  
               
  The Parliament is made up of :
  the Sovereign (Queen Elizabeth II),
  the House of Lords (the upper house)
  and the House of Commons (the lower house).
  The House of Lords consists of approximately: 500 life peers, 92 hereditary peers and 26 clergy.
  The House of Commons consists of 646 “Members of Parliament” or MPs.
  

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  Boris Johnson became Prime Minister on 24 July 2019, the Leader of Conservative Party. He was previously Foreign Secretary from 13 July 2016 to 9 July 2018.
  

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  Politics
  Today the House of Commons is the dominant branch. The House of Commons is democratically elected body of 646 “Members of Parliament” or MPs.
  
  
  Sittings of the house are open to the public and debates are broadcast on the radio and television.
  
  MPs are elected by election and hold office until Parliament is dissolved (a maximum of 5 years).
  
  Last elections were held in 2019.
  
  

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   Modern architectural marvels in London
  
  The Gherkin / 30 St Mary Axe is essentially an office building.
  ( корнишон)
  
  City Hall is
  headquarters of the Greater London Authorities
  
  The Shard (309.6 m). Designed in neo-futuristic and modern style, it houses some of the world’s best offices, restaurants and hotel rooms.( осколок)