Презентация по английскому языку "Claude Monet"

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  Claude Monet
  

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  Impression, Sunrise
  Claude Monet
  (French pronunciation: [klod mɔnɛ]), born Oscar Claude Monet (14 November 1840 – 5 December 1926), was a founder of French impressionist painting, and the most consistent and prolific practitioner of the movement's philosophy of expressing one's perceptions before nature, especially as applied to plein-air landscape painting. The term Impressionism is derived from the title of his painting Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant).
  
  

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  Claude Monet was born on 14 November 1840 on the 5th floor of 45 rue Laffitte, in the 9th arrondissement (район) of Paris. He was the second son of Claude Adolphe Monet and Louise Justine Aubrée Monet, both of them second-generation Parisians. On 20 May 1841, he was baptized (крестить) in the local parish ( церковный приход) church, Notre-Dame-de-Lorette, as Oscar-Claude, but his parents called him simply Oscar. In 1845, his family moved to Le Havre in Normandy. His father wanted him to go into the family grocery business, but Monet wanted to become an artist. His mother was a singer.
  Early life
  

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  On the first of April 1851, Monet entered Le Havre secondary school of the arts. Locals knew him well for his charcoal caricatures, which he would sell for ten to twenty francs. Monet also undertook his first drawing lessons from Jacques-François Ochard, a former student of Jacques-Louis David. On the beaches of Normandy in about 1856/1857, he met fellow artist Eugène Boudin, who became his mentor and taught him to use oil paints. Boudin taught Monet 'en plein air' (outdoor) techniques for painting. Both received the influence of Johan Barthold Jongkind.
   
  On 28 January 1857, his mother died. At the age of sixteen, he left school and went to live with his widowed childless aunt, Marie-Jeanne Lecadre.
  
  

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  “Lavacourt-Sunshine-and-Snow” 1878-1881
  Early paintings
  

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  “Train in the Snow” 1875
  

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  “The Artist's House at Argenteuil” 1873
  

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  “Jean Monet on his Hobby Horse” 1872
  

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  “The Magpie” 1869
  

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  “Jeanne-Marguerite Lecadre in the Garden Sainte-Adresse  ” 1867
  
  
  

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  “Woman with a Parasol - Madame Monet and Her Son”
  1875
  

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  When Monet traveled to Paris to visit the Louvre, he witnessed painters copying from the old masters. Having brought his paints and other tools with him, he would instead go and sit by a window and paint what he saw. Monet was in Paris for several years and met other young painters who would become friends and fellow impressionists; among them was Édouard Manet.
  
  Paris
  

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  “Painting by the Edge of a Wood” 1885
  Disillusioned (разочаровавшийся ) with the traditional art taught at art schools, in 1862 Monet became a student of Charles Gleyre in Paris, where he met Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Frédéric Bazille and Alfred Sisley. Together they shared new approaches to art, painting the effects of light en plein air with broken color and rapid brushstrokes (мазок кистью), in what later came to be known as Impressionism.
  
  

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  [1] In the manner of various French 19th-century schools of painting, esp impressionism, concerned with the observation of light and atmosphere effects outdoor
  
  “On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt” (1868), an early example of plein-air [1] impressionism, in which a gestural (жестикуляционный) and suggestive use of oil paint was presented as a finished work of art.
  
  

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  Camille Doncieux: Camille ("The Woman in the Green Dress"), 1866
  Monet's Camille or The Woman in the Green Dress (La femme à la robe verte), painted in 1866, brought him recognition and was one of many works featuring his future wife, Camille Doncieux; she was the model for the figures in Women in the Garden of the following year, as well as for On the Bank of the Seine, Bennecourt, 1868, pictured here. Shortly thereafter, Camille became pregnant (беременная) and gave birth to their first child, Jean.
  
  
  

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  “Women in the Garden”
  1866
  

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  In 1872, he painted Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant) depicting a Le Havre port landscape. It hung in the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874 and is now displayed in the Musée Marmottan Monet in Paris. From the painting's title, art critic Louis Leroy coined the term 'Impressionism', which he intended as disparagement (пренебрежение, унижение) but which the Impressionists appropriated (подходящий) for themselves.
  

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  Also in this exhibition was a painting titled Boulevard des Capucines, a painting of the boulevard done from the photographer Nadar's apartment at no. 35. There were, however, two paintings by Monet of the boulevard: one is now in the Pushkin Museum in Moscow, the other in the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City. It has never become clear which painting appeared in the groundbreaking 1874 exhibition, though more recently the Moscow picture has been favoured.
  

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  “Boulevard des Capucines” in the Nelson-Atkins Museum
  

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  “Boulevard des Capucines” in the Pushkin Museum
  

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  Monet and Camille Doncieux had married just before the war (28 June 1870) and, after their excursion to London and Zaandam, they had moved to Argenteuil, in December 1871. It was during this time that Monet painted various works of modern life. Camille became ill in 1876. They had a second son, Michel, on 17 March 1878, (Jean was born in 1867). This second child weakened her already fading health. In that same year, he moved to the village of Vétheuil. On 5 September 1879, Camille Monet died of tuberculosis (туберкулёз ) at the age of thirty-two; Monet painted her on her death bed.
  
  
  

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  In 1878 the Monets temporarily moved into the home of Ernest Hoschedé, (1837–1891), a wealthy (богатый) department store owner and patron of the arts. Both families then shared a house in Vétheuil during the summer. After her husband (Ernest Hoschedé) became bankrupt, and left in 1878 for Belgium, and after the death of Camille Monet in September 1879, and while Monet continued to live in the house in Vétheuil; Alice Hoschedé helped Monet to raise his two sons, Jean and Michel, by taking them to Paris to live alongside her own six children. In the spring of 1880, Alice Hoschedé and all the children left Paris and rejoined (воссоединяться, присоединиться) Monet still living in the house in Vétheuil. Following the death of her estranged husband, Alice Hoschedé married Claude Monet in 1892.
  
  

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  Claude Monet, in his garden, by Étienne Clémentel, 1917
  

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  “Stacks of Wheat (End of Summer)” 1890-91
  Beginning in the 1880s and 1890s through the end of his life in 1926, Monet worked on 'series' paintings, in which a subject was depicted in varying (меняющийся) light and weather conditions. His first series exhibited as such was of Haystacks (стог сена), painted from different points of view and at different times of the day.
  
  

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  He later produced several series of paintings including:
  Rouen Cathedral,
  Poplars, (тополь)
  The Parliament, Mornings on the Seine,
  Water Lilies
  

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  Rouen Cathedral
  
  

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  Poplars
  

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  The Parliament, Mornings on the Seine
  

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  Water Lilies
  
  

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  “Bridge Over a Pond of Water Lilies” 1899
  Monet was fond of painting controlled nature: his own gardens in Giverny, with its water lilies, pond (пруд), and bridge.
  
  

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  “Charing Cross Bridge”
  1899
  Between 1883 and 1908, Monet traveled to the Mediterranean (Средиземноморье), where he painted landmarks, landscapes, and seascapes, such as Bordighera. He painted an important series of paintings in Venice, Italy, and in London he painted two important series—views of Parliament and views of Charing Cross Bridge
  

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  'Port-Goulphar, Belle-Île‘
  1887
  

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  “Pyramides Port Coton”
  Later paintings
  

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  “The Cliffs at Etretat”
  
  

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  “The Artist's Garden at Vétheuil”
  

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  Monet in Garden, New York Times, 1922
  

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  Monet died of lung cancer on 5 December 1926 at the age of 86 and is buried in the Giverny church cemetery. Monet had insisted that the occasion (случай, возможность) be simple; thus only about fifty people attended the ceremony.
   
  His home, garden and water lily pond were bequeathed (завещать) by his son Michel, his only heir, to the French Academy of Fine Arts (part of the Institute de France) in 1966. Through the Fondation Claude Monet, the house and gardens were opened for visit in 1980, following restoration.
  
  

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  Thanks for your attention