Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Аmerican presidents. Thomas Jefferson"

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  Thomas Jefferson
  
  The third U.S. president (1801-09) 
  

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  Thomas Jefferson‘s
  Quotes
  We have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other.”
  All tyranny needs to gain a foothold is for people of good conscience to remain silent.”
  “ ...How little do my countrymen know what precious blessings they are in possession of, and which no other people on earth enjoy.”
  “Every difference of opinion is not a difference of principle. We have called by different names brethren of the same principle. We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.”
  “The natural progress of things is for liberty to yield and government to gain ground.”
  “I hold it that a little rebellion now and then is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the physical.”
  “I find friendship to be like wine, raw when new, ripened with age, the true old man's milk and restorative cordial.”
  “I cannot live without books; but fewer will suffice where amusement, and not use, is the only future object.”
  “The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants.”
  “I like the dreams of the future better than the history of the past.”
  “I know well that no man will ever bring out of that office the reputation which carries him into it.”
  

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  Personal details
  Born April 13, 1743
  Shadwell
    Colony of Virginia, British America
  Died July 4, 1826 (aged 83)
  Charlottesville,
  Virginia
  Resting place Monticello, Charlottesville, Virginia Political party Democratic-Republican
  Spouse(s) Martha Wayles  (m. 1772;d. 1782)
  Children 6, including Martha Jefferson Randolph and Mary Jefferson Eppes
  Alma mater College of William & Mary
  Profession Statesman, planter, lawyer, architect
  Religion Deism or Christian Deism
  

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  Jefferson strongly believed in a democratic form of government
  Thomas Jefferson (April 13 [O.S.April 2] 1743 – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence (1776). He was elected the second Vice President of the United States (1797–1801), serving under John Adams and in 1800 was elected the third President (1801–1809)Jefferson was a proponent of democracy, republicanism, and individual rights, which motivated American colonists to break from Great Britain and form a new nation. He produced formative documents and decisions at both the state and national level.
  

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  Early life and career
  
  He was born in Virginia in 1743. When he was 14 years old, his father died and the young boy was left to choose for himself what to do. Jefferson studied literature and languages. He also studied to be a lawyer, and later he wrote many of the Virginia laws. One of the laws for which he worked very much was a law to allow many children to go to school for free. Schools in America were only for the children whose parents were rich. When Jefferson was still a young man he was one of those who wanted freedom from England.
  Jefferson's home, Monticello
  

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  He was sent to France as the foreign minister of the United States of America and afterwards was President's George Washington secretary of state. A few years later he became the country's third president, serving in this position for 2 terms.
  
  

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  Wren Building (rear), College of William & Mary where Jefferson studied
  

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  He always thought of how to help ordinary people
  Thomas Jefferson did many useful things during his lifetime and he always thought of how to help ordinary people. He was a practical and theoretical scientist too. Jefferson's best traditions have been kept up by American progressive people in their struggle for peace and democracy.
  
  

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  President
  
  Jefferson also put an end to the centuries-old problem of Barbary pirates disrupting American shipping in the Mediterranean by forcing the pirates to capitulate by deploying new American warships. Notably, both the Louisiana Purchase and the undeclared war against the Barbary pirates conflicted with Jefferson's much-avowed Republican values. Both actions represented unprecedented expansions of national government power, and neither was explicitly sanctioned by the Constitution.
  
  

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  The Declaration of Independence
  
  The Revolutionary War (1775–83) had begun by the time Jefferson took his seat in the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia in June 1775. The Congress brought together many of America's prominent political figures of the time. It was chiefly as a legislative draftsman, or legal writer, that Jefferson would make his mark, with his great work being the Declaration of Independence. Signed by most parties on July 4, 1776, the Declaration of Independence formally announced that the American colonies were separating from Great Britain. In June 1776 Jefferson was surprised to find himself at the head of the committee to prepare this paper. He submitted a draft to John Adams (1735–1826) and Benjamin Franklin (1706–1790), who suggested only minor changes.
  
  U.S. Declaration of Independence – 1823 facsimile of the engrossed copy
  

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  The second term
  Although Jefferson easily won re-election in 1804, his second term in office proved much more difficult and less productive than his first. He largely failed in his efforts to impeach the many Federalist judges swept into government by the Judiciary Act of 1801. However, the greatest challenges of Jefferson's second term were posed by the war between Napoleonic France and Great Britain. Both Britain and France attempted to prevent American commerce with the other power by harassing American shipping, and Britain in particular sought to impress American sailors into the British Navy.
  

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  The University of Virginia, Jefferson's "Academical Village"
  The author of the Declaration of Independence did another important thing for the American people. He worked out a plan for a university where the students and teachers could live and work together in a settlement built for them. It was one of the first schools to teach science.
  
  

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  Interests and activities
  
  In the field of architecture, Jefferson helped popularize the Neo-Palladian style in the United States utilizing designs for theVirginia State Capitol, the University of Virginia, Monticello, and others. Jefferson mastered architecture through self-study, using various books and classical architectural designs of the day. His primary authority was Andrea Palladio's The Four Books of Architecture, which outlines the principles of classical design.
  

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  Jefferson Memorial, Washington, D.C.
  

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  Jefferson's gravesite
  HERE WAS BURIED THOMAS JEFFERSON, AUTHOR OF THE DECLARATION OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE, OF THE STATUTE OF VIRGINIA FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, AND FATHER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA."
  Jefferson's remains were buried at Monticello, under a self-written epitaph:
  

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  Washington, Jefferson, Lincoln and Theodore Roosevelt at Mt Rushmore
  

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  Использованные источники:
  
  http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ho-Jo/Jefferson-Thomas.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson#Early_life_and_career
  www.biography.com/people/thomas-jefferson-93537
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson#Early_life_and_career