Презентация по английскому языку на тему "Vowels and Consonants"

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  Vowels and Consonant
  Serikova Aigerim
  

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  Vowels
  Vowels: a vowel is a letter which makes a distinct sound by itself.
  
  If air passes straight through the mouth without being stopped or constricted anywhere, this forms a vowelsound.
  
  The vowels in the English language are:
  
  A, E, I, O, U
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  Consonants
  Consonants: The word consonant is used to refer to a letter of an alphabet that denotes a consonant sound. 
  It forms a syllable only in combination with vowel.
  
  Consonant letters in the English alphabet are:
  
  B, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R, S, T, V, W, X, Y, Z
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  The system of English sounds.
  Classifications of sounds. (Organs of speech)
  Organs of speech
  Active-movable are the organs of speech that are taking the active part in the sounds formation
  The passive organs of speech stay non moving during the process of articulation
  The air passage:
  Diaphragm
  Lungs
  Larynx
  Supraglottal cavities
  Pharynx
  Mouth
  Nasal cavities
  
  
  4
  Organs of speech
  Active - movable
  The vocal cords
  The tongue
  The back of the tongue
  The front
  The blade
  The tip
  The lips
  The soft palate
  The uvula
  The pharynx (the back wall)
  The lower jaw
  The lungs
  Passive
  The teeth
  The teeth ridge
  The hard palate
  The bones resonators
  

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  The system of English sounds.
  Classifications of sounds.
  Main definitions
  Sounds are combinations of the acoustic waves.
  
  Units of the phonetic system which help to recognize and distinguish words of the language are generally called phonemes.
  
  Different phonetic realizations of a phoneme are known as allophones.
  
  Minimal pairs are the pairs of words which are different in respect of one sound. Words like pin, tin, sin are distinguished by a change in the first consonantal element so the phoneme p, t, s may be revealed.
  
  The two main groups of sounds in the phonetics are consonants and vowels.
  
  5
  Sounds
  Produced by humans
  Phonemes (allophones)
  Consonants
  The consonants articulation involves the obstruction
  Vowels
  The vowels articulation is characterized by the absence of any obstruction or narrowing in the vocal tract
  Other
  

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  The system of English sounds.
  Classifications of sounds. (Consonants)
  6
  Consonants
  Manner of noise production
  Non-sonorous
  Sonorous
  Type of obstruction
  Occlusive
  Constrictive
  Occlusive – constrictive
  Place of obstruction
  Labial
  Bilabial
  Labio-dental
  Lingual
  Fore lingual
  Medio lingual
  Back lingual
  Glottal
  Level of noise
  Unicentral
  Bicentral
  Work of the vocal cords
  Voiced
  Voiceless
  The degree of the muscular tension
  Strong (Fortis)
  Weak (Lenis)
  

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  The system of English sounds.
  Classifications of sounds.
  7
  Vowels
  Stability of articulation
  Monophthongs
  Diphthongs
  
  Tongue position
  Front
  Front-retracted
  Central
  Back-advanced
  Height of the raised part (High, mid, low)
  Length
  Long
  Short
  Degree of tension
  Tense
  Lax
  Lip positions
  Neutral
  Spread
  Rounded