Проект по английскому языку . 5 класс. Тема "Управляет ли королева Елизавета страной,"

Конкурс творческих работ с элементами исследования на английском, немецком и французском языках для обучающихся 4 – 7 классов

                         «Первые шаги в науку» в 2020 году

                                        Проект

                The Queen and the Parliament

                                                                    Артемьева Диана Александровна                

                                                                      обучающаяся 5 класса

                                                                          средней школы № 37

                                                                               г. Ярославля

Научный руководитель:

Иванова Анна Валерьевна

Учитель английского языка

МОУ СШ № 37

                                               Ярославль, 2020

Content

1.Introduction………………………………………………………………………………3

2.The United Kingdom and its ruller …………….…………………………………..........3

3.Parliament of the UK and its power………………………………………………………3-4

4. Elizabeth II’s authority …………………………………………………………………. 4-5

5. The survey………………………………………………………………………………6-7

6. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………7

               Introduction

 The UK is a Constitutional Monarchy. It means that the ruler of the country is a monarch. But we also know that there is a Legislative  body-The Parliament. Iwas interested in what role each of them plays in managing the country.

The aim of my project is to compare legal powers of Queen Elizabeth II and the Parliament.

My tasks are:

·         To get basic knowledge about The UK and the ruler of the country

·         To learn about the  powers of the Parliament in the United Kingdom

·         To find out what function Elizabeth II has

·         To compare the authorityof the Parliament and the Queen

·         To conduct a survey among the students of the 5^th and 10^th forms

·         To make a conclusion

            The United Kingdom and its ruller

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the island state located in the north-west of Europe.   Great Britain is one of the biggest European countries. The former centre of the World Empire, Great Britain is still playing very important role in international affairs. English has become the second spoken language in many countries of the world; it is most used on the Internet and in other means of international communication. The UK’s defense budget is one of the highest in the world. The capital of the kingdom is London. It is political and business center of the United Kingdom and one of the biggest cities in Europe. London is also one of the biggest and most important financial and economic centres in the world. Queen Elizabeth the Second came to thrown in 1952.She is the longest-lived and longest- reigning British monarch. Elizabeth II is one of the most powerful women in the world, she is the head of the Windsor Dynasty and has been the Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for more than 65 years. She is the symbol of her country and enjoys special popularity and love of her nation.    

            Parliament of the United Kingdom and its power

The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the country and the British Overseas Territories. The British monarch is not a head but a part of it. The Parliament consists of two chambers (upper and lower) known as the House of Lords and the House of Commons.                                                                                                           

The House of Lords is not elected, it includes the Lords Spiritual (most senior bishops of the Church of England), the Lords Temporal (peers), consisting mainly of life peers, appointed by the Sovereign on the advice of the Prime Minister and hereditary peers.

The House of Commons on the contrary is a democratically elected chamber which consists of 650 members elected by majority voting. The House of Lords and the House of Commons meet in separate chambers in the Palace of Westminster in London. Traditionally all the government ministers including the Prime Minister are members of the Parliament.

In general, the functions of the House of Lords are the following:

Legislative functions  

The Parliament of the United Kingdom can establish Laws with their Acts. Some Acts apply in the territory of the whole Kingdom including Scotland. A new law in its draft form which is called a Bill can be introduced by any member of the upper or the lower chamber.

Judicial functions                                                                                 

Besides legislative functions the Parliament used to exercise some judicial power. According to the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 the Supreme Court was established in the United Kingdom. The members of the Legal Committee were appointed Judges of the Supreme Court, after that the House of Lords stopped exercising judicial functions.

Supervisory functions                                              

The Parliament controls the executive by passing or rejecting its Bills and by forcing Ministers of the Crown to answer for their actions either at “Question Time” or during meetings of the parliamentary committees.

Elizabeth II’s authority

Having studied text books and other sources I would like to tell what legal and political power Queen Elizabeth II actually has.

1. Open Parliament sessions

 Parliament, but not the royal family, is the supreme governing body of Great Britain. However, Queen Elizabeth still has some power even over the Parliament. Thus, her functions include annual opening of the Parliament.  It is the only official ceremony where the House of Lords, the House of Commons and the Queen gather in the same place.

 2. Legitimize laws

The Parliament makes laws, but they may go into effect only after the Queen has signed them off. The law-makers wait for her so called “royal assent”, which means that the monarch approves (or does not approve) the law. It should be mentioned that cases when a monarch disapproves this or that law are very rare. The last time, when a monarch did not give royal assent, happened in 1708.

                   3. Appoint Ministers to the Crown

Most government officials in Great Britain are chosen through a vote, but the Queen can appoint Ministers to the Crown, including advisors and cabinet officials, herself.

4. Pardon criminals

Elizabeth II, if she sees fit, can grant “royal pardon” to sentenced criminals. Nowadays this power is not used often. The original purpose of “royal pardon” was to provide exemption from the now-abolished death penalty. Royal pardon can also reduce the period of imprisonment.

5. Command the Armed Forces

In spite of her age, Elizabeth II is Commander-in-Chief of the British military force. All British soldiers must swear an oath to the Queen before they join the army. The Queen can also assign her position of Commander-in-Chief to another government official.

6. Issue passports

Every British passport is issued in the name of the Queen, though she does not usually issue them herself, this duty is usually performed by ministers on her behalf. The monarch also has a power to withdraw passports.

7. Declare war

The Queen is the only person in Great Britain who has the power to declare war on other countries. However, this ability only applies in cases of so-called “all-out warfare” and only with approval of the Prime Minister, Parliament and the rest of the Government. Throughout her entire reign Elizabeth II has never exercised this power. The last British monarch to do so was Elizabeth’s father, King George VI, who declared war on Nazi Germany in 1939.

8. Dissolve Parliament

If she wishes so, the Queen can fire all members of the Parliament and hold a new election. She has never used this power, but even if she did, it would not disrupt work of the Government very much. The top of the Government including the Prime Minister and Cabinet cannot be dissolved.

 9. Present “Titles of honor”

The Queen can personally bestow honors on outstanding citizens of Great Britain for kind or another merits. The reason of getting a title can be everything from charity work to artistic or scientific contributions. The most often presented titles are “Sir” (Knight) and “Dame”.

I compared the authority of the Queen and the Parliament

Elizabeth II                                                         Parliament of the UK

1.      Open Parliament sessions                              1.  Supervisory functions                                                      

2.      Appoint Ministers to the Crown                    2.  Judicial functions                                                                                       

3.      Legitimize laws                                             

4.      Pardon criminals

5.      Issue passports

6.      Declare war

7.      Dissolve Parliament

8.      Present “Titles of honor”

Having found all information myself, I wanted to find out what other students of my age know about it. I interviewed 87 students of the fifth form (asked them to split these functions into the correct column). Here are the results: 15 students (17%)  split  all the authority correctly, 37 students(43%) coped with 50% of this task, 35 students (40%) coped only with the 20% of the task.

Picture 1

Then I asked to do the same task students of the 10^th forms. I intervewed 83 students. Here are the results: 45 students(54%)  did it absolutely correctly, 25 students (30%) partly coped with the task and only 13 students(16%) coped with  less than 20 % of it.

Picture 2

I was very interested with the questions which students of different forms found difficult to answer. The most difficult functions to split for the 5^th formers were:

·         Issue passports

·         Supervisory functions

·         Judical functions

·         Pardon criminals

·         Legitimize laws

For students of the 10^th form the most difficult functions were:

·         Legitimate laws

·         Supervisory functions

Conclusion:

Having analysed the data, I came to a conclusion that the results of the survey show that students of the 5^th forms do not know about the authority of the Queen and the Parliament. The students of the 10^th forms figure out  this topic. It can be explained by the fact that they have more knowledge about the Law. The project was very valuable  Having compared The Parliament`s and The Queen`s activity, I came to a conclusion that The Parliament  is responsible for managing the country, while the Queen is a public figure and represents interests of her state, attending important events and interacts with the people of the UK and has many authority.

Список используемой литературы

1. «Парламент Великобритании», Джесси Рассел, 2012 г.

2. «Что такое Великобритания», А.В. Остальский, 2019 г.

3. «Все о Великобритании», Ю.А Иванова 2013 г.

4. «Елизавета II», Роберт Хардман 2014 г.

5. «Ее Величество Королева Великобритании Елизавета II», А.А. Полякова, 2017 г.

https://m.metronews.ru

https://www.marieclarie.ru