Distance Education
in Kazakhstan
Omarova S. P.
Scientific adviser: Omarova S.P.
Pavlodar College of Service Sector
The secondary
education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is reformed within the framework of the
national education model. In this regard, the transition from “Education for
All” model to “Elective Education” one has been launched. The main point of
this model is that educational and vocational programs give priority to needs,
demands and interests of a learner. True elective education is provided by a
wide range of educational services concerning not only their content and type,
but also the form of educational service, the nature and principles of learning. The student must be able to choose not only the
specialty area of professional activity, but also academic
disciplines, mode of study.
The e-learning,
which has been legitimatized, is reasonably included into the national
education model oriented to increase affordability of a higher vocational
education.
Increased scope of
knowledge, increased demand for degree possession requires the development of
new methods and means of learning based on modern technological advances. The
education informatization is one of remarkable examples of it.
The education informatization
is a priority task not in word but in
deed and supported by the government of Kazakhstan. It is proved by the State Program
of Education Informatization of the Republic of Kazakhstan approved of 22
September 1997 by the Decree of the President: computerization of the higher
institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan and ensuring access to the Internet
(interdepartmental program “Internet to schools”, in the framework of which the
network is deployed such as “Kazakhstan Internet”); introduction of Education
Management Information System (the project of Education Management Information
System “EMIS”); development of modern information and communication
technologies of learning, etc.
Thus, the state
program of education informatization ensured the objective conditions for the
development of e-learning as a model of open forms of education.
The principle of
resources distribution in the system of open education is the basis for the
implementation of individualized learning when the student has a real
opportunity to choose educational programs and the construct the educational
trajectory. New education technologies possess almost unlimited possibilities
to construct a distributed learning system organized on the basis of an
educational center, which has educational resources ensured by prompt remote
access facilities.
The first stage of
the project development was the analysis of a foreign language teaching system
at the faculty and the system of e-learning in order to organize a foreign
language distance teaching and learning process. The e-learning system, based
on a variety of educational technologies, offers a great opportunity to improve
the effectiveness of a foreign language teaching and learning. New education
technologies, based on using global computer networks, instantly connect
classrooms and individual learners with native speakers; allow to solve
successfully problems of different types of learners’ foreign language speech
activity formation such as audio comprehension of a foreign speech as well as
reading, speaking and writing. New education technologies application in the
process of a foreign language teaching and learning solves many issues raised
at educational institutions of Kazakhstan over the last years such as:
- Isolation from the
international community.
- Lack of ability to
communicate with native speakers.
- Acquiring
challenges of scientific-publicistic literature and fiction in a foreign
language.
- Access challenges
to the radio and television broadcasted in foreign languages.
Foreign
languages e-learning as a mode of faculty academic activity aims to achieve the
following objectives:
- to improve the
quality of foreign language comprehensibility;
- to expand
educational opportunities for foreign languages learning;
- to increase the
number of students at the faculty;
- to deepen the
informatization process of foreign languages learning;
- to increase the
effectiveness of information and technical resources use.
Thus,
the work in the e-learning system of foreign languages requires new approaches
from teachers. Qualified foreign languages teacher should try to understand the
technological possibilities of foreign languages e-learning. In this case, it
is necessary to bear in mind the fact that technological changes have affected
all the aspects of foreign languages teaching techniques, i.e. from definition
of the curriculum objectives to planning;
from
teaching strategies to organize independent educational activity of students to
using of specific program software in teaching; from technical training of
teachers to the applicability of program software.
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