Министерство науки и образования РК
средняя общеобразовательная школа № 26
Учебно-дидактическое пособие
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE FORMS OF ADJECTIVES
Подготовила:
учитель английского языка
Малютина Ирина Владимировна
Город Павлодар
2021
Содержание
- Содержание…………………………………………………………..2
- Предисловие…………………………………………………………3
- Сравнительная степень……………………………………………...4
- Превосходная степень……………………………………………….6
- Ключи к упражнениям……………………………………………..14
- Список литературы………………………………………………....16
Предисловие
Данное пособие содержит грамматические
упражнения по одной из основных тем грамматики английского языка: Степени
сравнения имен прилагательных.
Цель пособия - способствовать достижению
необходимых умений и навыков осознанного употребления грамматических форм, а
также предоставить учащимся возможность совершенствовать свои знания путем самостоятельной
работы.
Данный сборник является пособием
справочного характера и предназначено для учащихся средней общеобразовательной
школы, независимо от их профиля, а также может быть использован при работе со
взрослыми.
Пособие содержит правила, подкрепленные
примерами с последующими упражнениями на закрепление данного правила. После
изучения темы учащимся предлагается упражнение на проверку знаний по всему
грамматическому явлению. В конце имеются ключи для самопроверки учащихся.
Во все упражнения включен интересный
материал на базе современной лексики из зарубежных источников, указанных в
списке литературы в конце учебника.
COMPARATIVES
Complete the gaps provided as appropriate, using the words
given in brackets.
Rules: We add -er to one-syllable
adjectives and adverbs. If they end
in -e, only an -r is added. Note also that we double
the
consonant when we have the following combination:
consonant +
only one vowel + only one consonant. Than must be left
out if
the second term of the comparison is not mentioned.
1 Examples: (comparatives)
Kim is taller than Linda.
They work harder than you.
His house is bigger than hers.
Her great-grandson is nicer than her great-granddaughter.
Tim’s 19 and his brother, 17, so his brother’s younger.
a This car runs (fast) __________ that one.
b Her hair’s (long) __________ yours.
c The air in the country is (pure) __________ the air in
the
city.
d It’s (hot this week) __________ last week.
e Your dad’s very weak! Mine’s (strong) __________.
Rules: Instead of -er, we use more with
adjectives of three or more
syllables and with adverbs of two or more syllables.
An
exception to this rule is the adverb ‘early’: You
should have
finished earlier.
2 Examples:
This exam was more difficult than the other.
She comes here more often than her husband.
a This cot is (expensive) __________ the other one.
b Molly’s (intelligent) __________ Agatha.
c He drives (dangerously) __________ his brothers.
d Today the wind is blowing (gently) __________ yesterday.
e You must get up (early) __________.
3 Examples:
She’s prettier than her mother.
George is cleverer than Norman.
He’s simpler than I thought.
The street was getting narrower.
My job’s more tiring than yours.
Rules: Two-syllable adjectives
ending in -y change the y to i1 when
-er is added. Two-syllable adjectives ending in -er,
-le or
-ow can take either -er or more, the former
alternative being
more usual. In the second, third and fourth examples
above,
we could have used more:
George is more clever than Norman.
He’s more simple than I thought.
The street was getting more narrow.
Still, -er is also possible with a few adjectives not
ending
in -y, -er, -le or -ow: They were crueller2/more cruel
than
you. In this case, it is safer to use more.
a You should make these blocks of stone (hollow)
__________.
b She is (shy) __________ she looks.
c He’s (noble) __________ she is.
d I’m (surprised) __________ you.
e This game is (boring) __________ the one you have.
4 Examples:
She gave me more than you.
We need more help than you.
They want more of these clementines/They want more of
these.
Rules: More is used
alone or with nouns. Of is required before
pronouns or nouns preceded by a determiner.
a Yes, we’ve got (beer) __________. Would you like some?
b There are (things to do here) __________ there.
c She talks (rubbish) __________ her sister.
d There’s (wine) __________ left in the cellar.
e I’d like to have (this honeydew melon) __________.
5 Revision
exercise.
a Her daughter’s (lively) __________ her son.
b She studies (hard) __________ her mate.
c They have lived (happily) __________ ever since they got
divorced.
d She has a (tender look) __________ his ex.
e Today they’re playing the music (loud) __________ usual.
f The north of the Iberian peninsula is (wet) __________
the south.
g He’s (angry now) __________ this morning.
h He looks (brave) __________ his friend; but, in fact, he
isn’t.
i Today is (windy) __________ yesterday.
j He’s (conservative) __________ his colleagues.
k This job seems (stressful) __________ the one you had
last
year.
l My daddy’s (tough) __________ yours.
m He feels (depressed now) __________ when I came home two
hours
ago.
n They appear to be (selfish) __________ they really are.
o This city has a (humid weather) __________ the one I live
in.
p You seem (energetic now) __________ when I met you for
the
first time.
q She’s (charming) __________ her aunt.
r The word ‘get’ is (informal) __________ ‘obtain’.
s This hair makes you look (lovely) __________.
t I think your arguments are (convincing) __________ his.
His
don’t hold water.
u You’re very inconsiderate towards your pupils. You should
be
(considerate) __________, and think of them.
v You’re a very narrow-minded person. Try to be
(broad-minded)
__________.
w This piece of land is too small. We need a (large one)
__________.
x We need __________ (depilatory cream), as there isn’t
enough in
this tube.
y She gave him __________ he expected.
z This job demands (effort) __________.
SUPERLATIVES
6 Examples: (superlatives)
He’s the cleverest person/the most clever person in the
class.
He’s the thinnest in his family.
She’s the most beautiful girl (that) I know.
She’s the ugliest of the three.
Rules: If we use -er in the
comparative, we form the superlative by
adding -est to the adjective or to the adverb. If the
comparative is made with more, the superlative takes
most.
Note also the use of the article the. As for the usage
of
in and of, in is generally found before words
referring to
places (and some others, such as in the family, in the
team);
and of, before plurals and a few other words or
phrases,
like the longest day of the year3. Other prepositions
are
sometimes required: She’s the most dangerous criminal
on earth.
a They are (poor people) __________ I know.
b This is (easy exam) __________ I have ever done.
c He’s (safe driver) __________ the four.
d You’re (unpredictable person) __________ the whole world.
e This is (fast car) __________ the market.
7 Examples:
She’s the best student in the class.
You’re the worst player in the team.
Observe the following irregular forms:
|
Positive
|
Comparative
|
Superlative
|
|
bad
|
worse
|
the worst
|
|
far
|
further / farther
|
the furthest / the farthest
|
|
good
|
better
|
the best
|
|
little
|
less
|
the least
|
|
many / much
|
more
|
the most
|
|
old
|
elder
|
the eldest
|
a My (old child) __________ is the oldest of my four
children.
b My (old child) __________ is the oldest of my two
children.
c Nobody in this town has such a bad reputation. He’s got
(bad
reputation) __________ in the whole town.
d If you walk (far) __________, you’ll see an amazing
sight.
e I don’t think this matter needs (far discussion)
__________.
8 Revision exercise.
a He’s a wealthy person. In fact, he’s one of (rich people)
__________ this city.
b This is (spectacular view) __________ I have ever seen.
c This expression is (commonly heard in informal speech)
__________ that one.
d She told me that the only thing I loved was her money,
but
nothing could have been (far) __________ from my mind.
e He’s two years (old) __________ I am.
f She has a lot of influence in this country. Actually,
she’s
probably (influential person) __________ the country.
g He’s got three sons. His (old son) __________ lives
overseas.
h I am (powerful person) __________ this company, since I
am the
boss.
i She’s very efficient. In fact, she’s (efficient person)
__________ I know.
j A Macdonalds is (cheap) __________ a formal restaurant.
k Catalonia’s (sunny) __________ the British Isles.
l This sofa is (comfortable) __________ the whole shop;
but,
of course, it’s (dear) __________, too.
m A village is (quiet) __________ a big city.
n This is (boring film) __________ I’ve ever seen. I’ve
never
seen such a boring film!
o They drank (sherry) __________ I did, which is why they
had
to go home to sleep it off.
p The river is (shallow) __________ now because it hasn’t
rained much lately.
q She’s (little talkative) __________ the group. She talks
very
little.
r That was (bad mistake) __________ I’d ever made.
s Can you speak a bit (loud and slowly) __________, please?
I
can’t hear or understand you.
t If you talked (quietly) __________, the people sitting at
the
table opposite wouldn’t overhear our conversation.
u A dog is (noble and faithful) __________ a cat.
v China is (populous country) __________ the world.
w He runs (fast) __________ any other boy in the class. As
a
matter of fact, he’s (good runner) __________ the whole
school.
x This is (filthy house) __________ I have seen for years and
years.
y Should you need (far details) __________, please do not
hesitate to contact us.
z You should behave (good) __________ at school.
9 Examples:
I was as astounded as my wife.
This raincoat isn’t so/as modern as that one.
Is this car as reliable as the other one you have?
Rules: As + an adjective or
an adverb + as indicates that somebody or
something is equal to somebody or something. In the
negative,
we use either so or as, as seen above. So is more
formal.
a She’s not (jealous of the baby) __________ her brother.
b They don’t feel (secure) __________ you do.
c My father’s (warm-hearted) __________ my mother.
d Muriel isn’t (noble) __________ Angela.
e You’re (crooked) __________ he is.
10 Examples:
She’s bought as many artichokes as you.
She’s got as much butter as you.
Rules: Note that if we have a
noun we use: as many + a plural noun +
as, or as much + an uncountable noun + as. In the
negative,
so can replace the first as:
She hasn’t bought so many artichokes as you.
She hasn’t got so much butter as you.
The noun is sometimes dropped to avoid repetition: I
want as
many (sweets) as the others. As much as can also act
as an
adverb:
He doesn’t like beer as much as I do.
My father earns a lot of money, but I earn twice as
much (as
he does).
a We haven’t got (garden chairs) __________ our neighbours.
b There aren’t (lizards in this area now) __________ there
were
twenty years ago.
c They’d like to buy (flour) __________ they did last
month.
d We don’t sell (sugar) __________ they do.
e He eats half __________ I do.
11 Examples:
She’s less deaf than her husband.
She isn’t so/as deaf as her husband.
Rules: The above sentences mean the
same.
a They study (hard) __________ my niece.
b They don’t study (hard) __________ my niece.
c His nephew doesn’t speak French (fluently) __________ his
cousin.
d His nephew speaks French (fluently) __________ his
cousin.
e She’s not (crazy) __________ you.
12 Examples: (In this section, you have to finish the
sentences
as appropriate.)
I do not go out as much as he does11.
I don’t go out as much as him.
She told me more lies than they did.
She told me more lies than them.
He is shorter than we are.
He is shorter than us.
Rules: In a formal context, we use
personal subject pronouns (I, you,
he, she, it, we, you and they) + a verb after as or
than. In
this case, as and than are conjunctions. In an
informal style,
we can convert them into prepositions12 by using
personal
object pronouns (me, you, him, her, it, us, you and
them).
a If he is very fat and she is very thin, then we say that
he
is __________.
b They’re very efficient, but she isn’t. Therefore, they’re
__________.
c He writes Italian perfectly, but they don’t.
Consequently,
they don’t write Italian __________.
d We swim very well, but you don’t swim __________.
e I’m certain of what has happened, but you aren’t. As a
result,
you aren’t __________.
13 Revision exercise.
a Can you walk (slowly) __________, please? I can’t keep up
with you.
b I ought to have taken her (seriously) __________, but I
thought she was pulling my leg.
c He believes that we should have (stiff regulations)
__________
so as to avoid juvenile delinquency.
d He’s a very skilful person, but she isn’t. Therefore, she
isn’t (skilful) __________.
e If her doctor had examined her (carefully) __________, he
would have noticed that she had a terrible illness.
f She’s got a poor health, and her husband is very healthy.
Then
we say that he’s __________.
g They don’t like driving __________. (He loves it, but
they
hate it.)
h The air in a small town isn’t (heavily polluted)
__________
the air in a big city.
i Dogs are (faithful animals) __________ to man. They would
even
give their lives for us.
j Cats are not (loyal) __________ dogs.
k This is (vicious dog) __________ I have come across for
years.
l I wish we had (possessions) __________ the Blakes; we are
very
poor and they have everything: money, a lot of
properties, and
many other things.
m We won’t get (wheat this year) __________ we did last
year.
n You’re (bad student) __________ the class. Either you
study
(hard) __________ or you’ll fail all your subjects.
o She was very unkind to her customers. She should have
been
(kind) __________ to them.
p This is (fierce dog) __________ I’ve had for years.
q Winter is (cold season) __________ the year.
r His beliefs are (conservative) __________ yours. He’s
very
liberal, but you aren’t.
s You’re (lucky person) __________ earth. I’ve never met
such a
lucky person.
t That was (sensible thing to do) __________. You did
(appropriate thing) __________. If you’d done a different
thing, you’d have got into trouble.
u She’s (sensitive person) __________ the family. Nobody in
the
family upsets (easily) __________ her.
v You’ve played the music (loud) __________. Why have you
turned
the volume up?
w Anna’s very fit and healthy. The other four girls look
sickly.
As a matter of fact, they have been off sick quite a lot
recently. That is why we think Anna’s (fit and healthy)
__________ the five girls.
x He can’t resist severe pain __________ you. When he feels
any
discomfort, he thinks he’s going to kick the bucket.
y The Beatles was one of (famous bands) __________ the
sixties.
z This stew tastes (nasty) __________ that one. What the
hell
did you put in it?
14 Examples:
Young Brown is getting taller and taller.
More and more people kept coming to the demostration.
Rules: We use the double
comparative to indicate that something or
someone is growing, decreasing, changing, etc.,
continuously.
a He’s growing (rich) __________.
b He comes here (often) __________. I think young Nicola
has
something to do with it.
c My daughter is becoming (pretty) __________.
d My hair is getting (dark) __________.
e Catalonia is getting (tourists) __________ all the year
round.
15 Examples:
The harder you study, the better results at school you’ll
have.
The more you earn, the more money you’ll have to buy a
house.
Rules: The + a comparative
... the + a comparative links two
actions: the second one being the result of the first
one.
a (you smoke) __________, (unhealthy you become)
__________.
b (early you get up) __________, (time you’ll have to get
to
the station), __________.
c (little you work) __________, (little you earn)
__________.
d (old I get) __________, (little I like going out)
__________.
e (you eat) __________, (fat you become) __________.
16 Examples:
It’s a bit more tiring if you do it this way.
I feel a lot happier now than I did yesterday.
He feels much worse today.
Rules: A bit, a little
(bit), a lot, any13, far, lots, nearly, no,
rather, somewhat and (very) much may modify14
comparative
adjectives or adverbs; far and much, more + an
uncountable
noun; far and many, more + a plural noun:
There is much/far more wine in the cellar now than
(there
was) last year.
There are many/far more thieves in this city today
than
(there were) in the past.
a We’re a lot (tough) __________ they think.
b He’s much (rough) __________ you told me. I don’t like
him.
c He’s no (old) __________ me.
d My girl-friend is rather (young) __________ I am. She’s
twenty-five and I’m thirty-five.
e This mathematical problem is somewhat (difficult)
__________
the one I solved yesterday.
17 Examples:
This bedside table is the cheaper of the two.
This box file is the biggest of the three.
Rules: The + a comparative form
is preferred to the superlative one
when we are dealing with two people or things. In an
informal
context, however, the superlative often replaces the
comparative: This night table is the prettiest of the
two.
a ‘We’ve got two types of wing mirrors. Which one would you
like?’
‘I want (good) __________ one.’
b ‘Which of these three pillows would you like to take?’
‘(small) __________ of them.’
c ‘Which of these two suits shall I wear to the party?’
‘Put on (informal) __________.’
d It’s very difficult to decide which of the two arguments
is
(convincing) __________.
e I’ve got two cars, but I generally use (new) __________,
because it’s (economical) __________.
18 Examples:
You always meet the same people in the pub.
I like the same boy as my sister.
I love the same boy that my sister does.
He ordered the same as his friend (did).
He bought the same drink (that) she did the previous day.
The same dog that attacked me yesterday chased a little
girl
an hour ago.
a She always makes (same mistakes) __________ over and over
again.
b He always does (same things) __________ his brother.
c He likes sitting in (same rocking chair) __________ his
wife
did when she was alive.
d (very same year) __________ I was born in my father
disappeared.
e ‘(same again) __________!’
‘Naturally!’
‘Waiter! ... Two pints, please!’
19 Revision exercise.
a They have won (few prizes) __________ she has. She is a
(good
sportswoman) __________ they are. In fact, she is one of
(good) __________ town.
b Let’s have lunch at that restaurant. It’s just (good)
__________ the one we went yesterday, and it’s (cheap)
__________.
c She’s by far (good writer) __________ the four.
d My father has been smoking (same pipe) __________ for
over
twenty years.
e It’s very difficult to tell which of the two novelist is
(popular) __________.
f The place I spent the night yesterday was even (gloomy)
__________ this guest-house.
g She’s much (shabby beggar) __________ the area.
h This grammar exercise is a little bit (difficult)
__________,
but I’m sure you can cope with it very well.
i She’s got far and away (colourful garden) __________ the
whole
town.
j We had much (barley this season) __________ last season.
k Our foster daughter isn’t (bright) __________ our own
son, but
she’s (affectionate) __________.
l Our foster daughter is (bright) __________ our own son,
but
she’s (thoughtful) __________.
m He’s been growing (spiteful) __________ and __________
since
he had to join the army.
n In recent times, people live (well) __________ formerly.
o They don’t love her __________ he does. He worships the
ground
she walks on.
p You’ve got a large number of admirers, but I haven’t got
__________ you.
q We shared (same shelter) __________ the other refugees.
r As the night went on, she was getting (frightened)
__________
and __________.
s (you spend) __________, (little money you have)
__________.
t If you didn’t smoke so much, the air in this room
wouldn’t be
(stuffy and smoky) __________ it is.
u (same curiosity) __________ brought him to success ruined
his
life.
v (lies you tell) __________, (little people will believe
you)
__________.
w It’s (hair-raising story) __________ I’ve ever heard.
x She’s (careless person) __________ I know.
y He needs (affection) __________ any other person in the
world.
z We want to do (far research) __________ on the effect of
this
THE KEYS
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE SENTENCES
1 a faster than b longer than c purer than d hotter this
week than e stronger
2 a more expensive than b more intelligent than c more
dangerously than d more gently than e earlier
3 a hollower/more hollow b shyer/shier than c nobler/more
noble than d more surprised than e more boring than
4 a more beer b more things to do here than c more rubbish
than d more wine e more of this honeydew melon
5 a livelier (adjective) than b harder than c more happily d
tenderer/more tender look than e louder than f wetter than g angrier now than h
braver than i windier than j more conservative than k more stressful than l
tougher than m more depressed now than n more selfish than o more humid weather
than p more energetic now than q more charming than r more informal than s
lovelier (adjective) t more convincing than u more considerate v more broad-
minded w larger one x more depilatory cream y more than z more effort
6 a the poorest people (that) b the easiest exam (that) c
the safest driver of d the most unpredictable in e the fastest car on
7 a eldest child b elder child c the worst d farther/further
e further discussion
8 a the richest people in b the most spectacular view (that)
c more commonly heard in informal speech than d further e older than f the most
influential person in g eldest son h the most powerful person in i the most
efficent person (that) j cheaper than k sunnier than l the most comfortable in;
the dearest m quieter than n the most boring film (that) o more sherry than p
shallower/more shallow q the least talkative of/in r the worst mistake (that) s
louder and more slowly t more quietly u nobler/more noble and more faithful v
the most populous country in w faster than; the best runner in x the filthiest
house (that) y further details z better
9 a so/as jealous of the baby as b so/as secure as c as
warm-hearted as d so/as noble as e as crooked as
10 a so/as many garden chairs as b so/as many lizards in
this area now as c as much flour as d so/as much sugar as e as much as
11 a less hard than b so/as hard as c so/as fluently as d
less fluently than e so/as crazy as
12 a fatter than she is/than her b more efficient than she
is/than her c so/as perfectly as they do/as them d so/as well as we do/as us e
so/as certain of what has happened as I am/as me
13 a more slowly b more seriously c stiffer regulations d
so/as skilful as he is/as him e more carefully f healthier than she is/than her
g so/as much as he does/as him h so/as heavily polluted as i the most faithful
animals j so/as loyal as k the most vicious dog (that) l as many possessions as
m so/as much wheat this year as n the worst student in; harder o kinder p the
most fierce dog (that) q the coldest season of r less conservative than/not
so/as conservative as s the luckiest person on t the most sensible thing to do;
the most appropriate thing u the most sensitive person in; so/as easily as v
louder w the fittest and healthiest of x as much as y the most famous bands in
z nastier than
14 a richer and richer b more and more often c prettier and
prettier d darker and darker e more and more tourists
15 a The more you smoke, the unhealthier you become b The
earlier you get up, the more time you’ll have to get to the station c The less
you work, the less you earn d The older I get, the less I like going out e The
more you eat, the fatter you become
16 a a lot tougher than b much rougher than c no older than
d rather younger than e somewhat more difficult than
17 a the better one/the best one b the smallest c the more
informal/the most informal d (the) more convincing/the most convincing e the
newer/the newest; (the) more economical/the most economical
18 a the same mistakes b the same things as c the same
rocking chair that/as d The very same year (that) I was born in my.../...year
in which I was born my... e (The) same again
19 a fewer prizes than; a better sportswoman than they are;
the best in b as good as; cheaper c the best writer of d the same pipe e (the)
more popular/the most popular f gloomier than g the shabbiest beggar in h a
little bit more difficult i the most colourful garden in j much more barley
this season than k so/as bright as; more affectionate l less bright than; more
thoughtful m more and more spiteful n better than o so/as much as p so/as many
as you q the same shelter as r more and more frightened s The more you spend,
the less money you have t so/as stuffy and smoky as u The same curiosity that v
The more lies you tell, the less people will believe you w the most
hair-raising story (that) x the most careless person (that) y more affection
than z further research
СПСОК
ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- Alexander L.G. English Grammar Practice For Intermediate
Students.-Longman Group UK Limited, 1999.
- Andres F. Ready For English. Students Book 1.- Klett and
Balmer Verlag, 1994.
- Andres F. Ready For English. Students Book 2.- Klett and
Balmer Verlag, 1994.
- Murphy R. English Grammar in Use.- Cambridge University Press, 1998.
- Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture.- Longman
Group UK Limited, 2005.
- The Oxford Russian Dictionary. English-
Russian.-Oxford-Moscow.2010.
- Internet sources.
Оставьте свой комментарий
Авторизуйтесь, чтобы задавать вопросы.